diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/assign_object.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/assign_object.py
index f8a1c3c261..751307fc06 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/assign_object.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/assign_object.py
@@ -109,7 +109,10 @@ class Usecase:
                 decomposes.RelatedObjects = related_objects
                 ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": decomposes})
             else:
+                history = decomposes.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(decomposes)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         if is_decomposed_by:
             related_objects = set(is_decomposed_by.RelatedObjects)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/unassign_object.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/unassign_object.py
index 6b991051f1..b4c4c42a79 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/unassign_object.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/aggregate/unassign_object.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -65,7 +66,11 @@ class Usecase:
             if not rel.is_a("IfcRelAggregates"):
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["product"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_classification.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_classification.py
index 0bd10eddd1..2cf46cb091 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_classification.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_classification.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, classification=None):
@@ -48,7 +51,10 @@ class Usecase:
         self.file.remove(self.settings["classification"])
         for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcRelAssociatesClassification"):
             if not rel.RelatingClassification:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcExternalReferenceRelationship"):
             if not rel.RelatingReference:
                 self.file.remove(rel)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_reference.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_reference.py
index b64dc41e47..48b55b3740 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_reference.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/classification/remove_reference.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, reference=None, product=None):
@@ -59,7 +62,10 @@ class Usecase:
                         if len(related_objects):
                             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
                         else:
+                            history = rel.OwnerHistory
                             self.file.remove(rel)
+                            if history:
+                                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         else:
             for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcExternalReferenceRelationship"):
                 if rel.RelatingReference == self.settings["reference"] and rel.RelatedResourceObjects:
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_constraint.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_constraint.py
index e0c9c1776a..d2d797ce0f 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_constraint.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_constraint.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, constraint=None):
@@ -46,4 +49,7 @@ class Usecase:
         self.file.remove(self.settings["constraint"])
         for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcRelAssociatesConstraint"):
             if not rel.RelatingConstraint:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_metric.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_metric.py
index 229f198920..86ab642b7a 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_metric.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/remove_metric.py
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ class Usecase:
         self.file.remove(self.settings["metric"])
         for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcRelAssociatesConstraint"):
             if not rel.RelatingConstraint:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         for resource_rel in self.file.by_type("IfcResourceConstraintRelationship"):
             if not resource_rel.RelatingConstraint:
                 self.file.remove(resource_rel)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/unassign_constraint.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/unassign_constraint.py
index 2972268fb5..66b3bc94b9 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/unassign_constraint.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/constraint/unassign_constraint.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, product=None, constraint=None):
@@ -40,4 +43,7 @@ class Usecase:
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["product"].HasAssociations:
             if rel.is_a("IfcRelAssociatesConstraint") and rel.RelatingConstraint == self.settings["constraint"]:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/control/unassign_control.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/control/unassign_control.py
index ce734ab92d..33ee89db4d 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/control/unassign_control.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/control/unassign_control.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -61,7 +62,11 @@ class Usecase:
             if not rel.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToControl") or rel.RelatingControl != self.settings["relating_control"]:
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["related_object"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_item.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_item.py
index 8d4f9c5e8d..eaadf832d7 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_item.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_item.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -51,7 +53,16 @@ class Usecase:
                     for related_object in inverse.RelatedObjects:
                         ifcopenshell.api.run("cost.remove_cost_item", self.file, cost_item=related_object)
                 elif inverse.RelatedObjects == tuple(self.settings["cost_item"]):
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToControl"):
+                history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(inverse)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+        history = self.settings["cost_item"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["cost_item"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_schedule.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_schedule.py
index b1ebfbd738..79438a5461 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_schedule.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/remove_cost_schedule.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -53,4 +55,7 @@ class Usecase:
                     for related_object in inverse.RelatedObjects
                     if related_object.is_a("IfcCostItem")
                 ]
+        history = self.settings["cost_schedule"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["cost_schedule"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_information.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_information.py
index a1dd69b51c..bf26837822 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_information.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_information.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ class Usecase:
 
         for rel in self.settings["information"].IsPointedTo or []:
             if rel.RelatedDocuments == (self.settings["information"],):
+                # This relationship is non-rooted
                 self.file.remove(rel)
 
         for rel in self.settings["information"].DocumentInfoForObjects or []:
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_reference.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_reference.py
index 5426608257..3a73f692bb 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_reference.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/remove_reference.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, reference=None):
@@ -41,5 +44,8 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["reference"].DocumentRefForObjects or []:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         self.file.remove(self.settings["reference"])
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/unassign_document.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/unassign_document.py
index 7a1b72132f..5a08c13262 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/unassign_document.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/document/unassign_document.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -59,6 +60,9 @@ class Usecase:
         for rel in self.settings["product"].HasAssociations:
             if rel.is_a("IfcRelAssociatesDocument") and rel.RelatingDocument == self.settings["document"]:
                 if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = rel.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(rel)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 else:
                     rel.RelatedObjects = [o for o in rel.RelatedObjects if o != self.settings["product"]]
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_element.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_element.py
index 80760f6b15..9339752d4c 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_element.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_element.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -44,7 +45,10 @@ class Usecase:
 
         if incompatible_connections:
             for connection in set(incompatible_connections):
+                history = connection.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(connection)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         for rel in self.settings["relating_element"].ConnectedTo:
             if rel.is_a() == "IfcRelConnectsElements" and rel.RelatedElement == self.settings["related_element"]:
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_path.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_path.py
index efec41fee2..1a610a7d2c 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_path.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/connect_path.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -77,7 +78,10 @@ class Usecase:
 
         if incompatible_connections:
             for connection in set(incompatible_connections):
+                history = connection.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(connection)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         return self.file.createIfcRelConnectsPathElements(
             ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_element.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_element.py
index 793c96a71c..680b3e85e7 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_element.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_element.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, **settings):
@@ -48,4 +51,7 @@ class Usecase:
 
         if incompatible_connections:
             for connection in set(incompatible_connections):
+                history = connection.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(connection)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_path.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_path.py
index ff8a75404c..8e52c7e4ff 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_path.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/disconnect_path.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -51,4 +52,7 @@ class Usecase:
             ]
 
         for connection in set(connections):
+            history = connection.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(connection)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/group/unassign_group.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/group/unassign_group.py
index cf4fc385bf..161b4b5fb5 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/group/unassign_group.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/group/unassign_group.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -60,4 +61,7 @@ class Usecase:
             rel.RelatedObjects = list(related_objects)
             ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel})
         else:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_library.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_library.py
index f6af4d6c3b..931d9153d6 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_library.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_library.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, library=None):
@@ -45,4 +48,7 @@ class Usecase:
         self.file.remove(self.settings["library"])
         for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcRelAssociatesLibrary"):
             if not rel.RelatingLibrary:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_reference.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_reference.py
index 88e267a1c2..c1b15847fc 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_reference.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/remove_reference.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, reference=None):
@@ -43,5 +46,8 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["reference"].LibraryRefForObjects:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         self.file.remove(self.settings["reference"])
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/unassign_reference.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/unassign_reference.py
index 8fef53ebc3..639a3dd35b 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/unassign_reference.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/library/unassign_reference.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, reference=None, product=None):
@@ -62,7 +65,10 @@ class Usecase:
         for rel in rels:
             if self.settings["product"] in rel.RelatedObjects:
                 if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = rel.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(rel)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                     continue
                 related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
                 related_objects.remove(self.settings["product"])
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/assign_object.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/assign_object.py
index b88be0f912..8f0b916fec 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/assign_object.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/assign_object.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -115,7 +116,10 @@ class Usecase:
                 nests.RelatedObjects = related_objects
                 ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": nests})
             else:
+                history = nests.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(nests)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         if is_nested_by:
             related_objects = list(is_nested_by.RelatedObjects)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/change_nest.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/change_nest.py
index 33ac1ce7c2..98ba363050 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/change_nest.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/change_nest.py
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, item=None, new_parent=None):
@@ -35,5 +37,13 @@ class Usecase:
             nests.RelatedObjects = related_objects
             ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": nests})
         else:
+            history = nests.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(nests)
-        ifcopenshell.api.run("nest.assign_object", self.file, related_object=self.settings["item"], relating_object=self.settings["new_parent"])
\ No newline at end of file
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+        ifcopenshell.api.run(
+            "nest.assign_object",
+            self.file,
+            related_object=self.settings["item"],
+            relating_object=self.settings["new_parent"],
+        )
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/unassign_object.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/unassign_object.py
index 97391d8619..bff97fd07a 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/unassign_object.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/nest/unassign_object.py
@@ -18,17 +18,18 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, related_object=None):
         """Unassigns a related_object from its nest.
-        
+
         An object (the whole within a decomposition) is Nested by zero or one more smaller objects.
         This function will remove this nesting relationship.
-        
+
         If the object is not part of a nesting relationship, nothing will happen.
-        
+
         :param related_object: The child of the nesting relationship, typically
             an IfcElement.
         :type related_object: ifcopenshell.entity_instance.entity_instance
@@ -56,11 +57,13 @@ class Usecase:
             if not rel.is_a("IfcRelNests"):
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["related_object"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
-            ifcopenshell.api.run(
-                "owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel}
-            )
+            ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel})
             return rel
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/owner/unassign_actor.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/owner/unassign_actor.py
index 06b428cd05..aadb6426c9 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/owner/unassign_actor.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/owner/unassign_actor.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -65,7 +66,11 @@ class Usecase:
             if not rel.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToActor") or rel.RelatingActor != self.settings["relating_actor"]:
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["related_object"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/remove_resource.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/remove_resource.py
index e4511708c8..db8153a3e0 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/remove_resource.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/remove_resource.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -47,10 +49,16 @@ class Usecase:
                             self.file,
                             resource=related_object,
                         )
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToControl"):
                 if len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 else:
                     related_objects = list(inverse.RelatedObjects)
                     related_objects.remove(self.settings["resource"])
@@ -65,7 +73,10 @@ class Usecase:
                             resource=self.settings["resource"],
                         )
                 elif inverse.RelatedObjects == tuple(self.settings["resource"]):
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         if self.settings["resource"].Usage:
             self.file.remove(self.settings["resource"].Usage)
         if self.settings["resource"].BaseQuantity:
@@ -74,4 +85,7 @@ class Usecase:
                 self.file,
                 resource=self.settings["resource"],
             )
+        history = self.settings["resource"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["resource"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/unassign_resource.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/unassign_resource.py
index ea07bcf44c..50c8661ecd 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/unassign_resource.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/resource/unassign_resource.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -69,7 +71,11 @@ class Usecase:
             ):
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["related_object"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/assign_lag_time.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/assign_lag_time.py
index 97e644e05d..cc1abf7409 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/assign_lag_time.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/assign_lag_time.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ import ifcopenshell.util.date
 
 
 class Usecase:
-    def __init__(
-        self, file, rel_sequence=None, lag_value=None, duration_type="WORKTIME"
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, file, rel_sequence=None, lag_value=None, duration_type="WORKTIME"):
         """Assign a lag time to a sequence relationship between tasks
 
         A task sequence (e.g. finish to start) may optionally have a lag time
@@ -94,22 +92,15 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         lag_value = self.file.createIfcDuration(
-            ifcopenshell.util.date.datetime2ifc(
-                self.settings["lag_value"], "IfcDuration"
-            )
+            ifcopenshell.util.date.datetime2ifc(self.settings["lag_value"], "IfcDuration")
         )
         lag_time = self.file.create_entity(
-            "IfcLagTime",
-            **{
-                "DurationType": self.settings["duration_type"],
-                "LagValue": lag_value,
-            }
+            "IfcLagTime", DurationType=self.settings["duration_type"], LagValue=lag_value
         )
         if self.settings["rel_sequence"].is_a("IfcRelSequence"):
             if (
                 self.settings["rel_sequence"].TimeLag
-                and len(self.file.get_inverse(self.settings["rel_sequence"].TimeLag))
-                == 1
+                and len(self.file.get_inverse(self.settings["rel_sequence"].TimeLag)) == 1
             ):
                 self.file.remove(self.settings["rel_sequence"].TimeLag)
         self.settings["rel_sequence"].TimeLag = lag_time
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_task.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_task.py
index a7e7708b08..4c0ee504f4 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_task.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_task.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -67,15 +69,19 @@ class Usecase:
             self.file.remove(self.settings["task"].TaskTime)
         for inverse in self.file.get_inverse(self.settings["task"]):
             if inverse.is_a("IfcRelSequence"):
+                history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(inverse)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelNests"):
                 if inverse.RelatingObject == self.settings["task"]:
                     for related_object in inverse.RelatedObjects:
-                        ifcopenshell.api.run(
-                            "sequence.remove_task", self.file, task=related_object
-                        )
+                        ifcopenshell.api.run("sequence.remove_task", self.file, task=related_object)
                 elif not inverse.RelatedObjects:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 elif self.settings["task"] in inverse.RelatedObjects:
                     related_objects = list(inverse.RelatedObjects)
                     related_objects.remove(self.settings["task"])
@@ -84,17 +90,16 @@ class Usecase:
                     else:
                         inverse.RelatedObjects = related_objects
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToControl"):
-                if (
-                    inverse.RelatingControl == self.settings["task"]
-                    or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1
-                ):
+                if inverse.RelatingControl == self.settings["task"] or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 else:
                     related_objects = list(inverse.RelatedObjects)
                     related_objects.remove(self.settings["task"])
                     inverse.RelatedObjects = related_objects
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelDefinesByProperties"):
-                print(inverse.RelatingPropertyDefinition.Name)
                 ifcopenshell.api.run(
                     "pset.remove_pset",
                     self.file,
@@ -102,32 +107,38 @@ class Usecase:
                     pset=inverse.RelatingPropertyDefinition,
                 )
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProcess"):
-                if (
-                    inverse.RelatingProcess == self.settings["task"]
-                    or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1
-                ):
+                if inverse.RelatingProcess == self.settings["task"] or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProduct"):
-                if (
-                    inverse.RelatingProduct == self.settings["task"]
-                    or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1
-                ):
+                if inverse.RelatingProduct == self.settings["task"] or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 else:
                     related_objects = list(inverse.RelatedObjects)
                     related_objects.remove(self.settings["task"])
                     inverse.RelatedObjects = related_objects
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToObject"):
-                if (
-                    inverse.RelatingObject == self.settings["task"]
-                    or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1
-                ):
+                if inverse.RelatingObject == self.settings["task"] or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 else:
                     related_objects = list(inverse.RelatedObjects)
                     related_objects.remove(self.settings["task"])
                     inverse.RelatedObjects = related_objects
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProcess"):
+                history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(inverse)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
+        history = self.settings["task"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["task"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_calendar.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_calendar.py
index 8fb24bc48e..a630c3f42e 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_calendar.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_calendar.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -54,13 +55,14 @@ class Usecase:
         )
         if self.settings["work_calendar"].Controls:
             for rel in self.settings["work_calendar"].Controls:
-                for object in rel.RelatedObjects:
+                for related_object in rel.RelatedObjects:
                     ifcopenshell.api.run(
                         "control.unassign_control",
                         self.file,
-                        **{
-                            "relating_control": self.settings["work_calendar"],
-                            "related_object": object,
-                        }
+                        relating_control=self.settings["work_calendar"],
+                        related_object=related_object,
                     )
+        history = self.settings["work_calendar"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["work_calendar"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_plan.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_plan.py
index 7a89293d26..cb8c638799 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_plan.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_plan.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -52,4 +53,7 @@ class Usecase:
             definition=self.settings["work_plan"],
             relating_context=self.file.by_type("IfcContext")[0],
         )
+        history = self.settings["work_plan"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["work_plan"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_schedule.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_schedule.py
index aee6b94f1c..935c9f1832 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_schedule.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/remove_work_schedule.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -65,22 +67,23 @@ class Usecase:
                     )
         for inverse in self.file.get_inverse(self.settings["work_schedule"]):
             if inverse.is_a("IfcRelDefinesByObject"):
-                if (
-                    inverse.RelatingObject == self.settings["work_schedule"]
-                    or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1
-                ):
+                if inverse.RelatingObject == self.settings["work_schedule"] or len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                    history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                     self.file.remove(inverse)
+                    if history:
+                        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 else:
                     related_objects = list(inverse.RelatedObjects)
                     related_objects.remove(self.settings["work_schedule"])
                     inverse.RelatedObjects = related_objects
             elif inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToControl"):
                 [
-                    ifcopenshell.api.run(
-                        "sequence.remove_task", self.file, task=related_object
-                    )
+                    ifcopenshell.api.run("sequence.remove_task", self.file, task=related_object)
                     for related_object in inverse.RelatedObjects
                     if related_object.is_a("IfcTask")
                 ]
 
+        history = self.settings["work_schedule"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["work_schedule"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_process.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_process.py
index d60c891bad..2d7a5fb10f 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_process.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_process.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -63,17 +64,16 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["related_object"].HasAssignments or []:
-            if (
-                not rel.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProcess")
-                or rel.RelatingProcess != self.settings["relating_process"]
-            ):
+            if not rel.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProcess") or rel.RelatingProcess != self.settings["relating_process"]:
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["related_object"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
-            ifcopenshell.api.run(
-                "owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel}
-            )
+            ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, element=rel)
             return rel
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_product.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_product.py
index c4d372f686..a4dcfd6968 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_product.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_product.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -63,17 +64,16 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["related_object"].HasAssignments or []:
-            if (
-                not rel.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProduct")
-                or rel.RelatingProduct != self.settings["relating_product"]
-            ):
+            if not rel.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToProduct") or rel.RelatingProduct != self.settings["relating_product"]:
                 continue
             if len(rel.RelatedObjects) == 1:
-                return self.file.remove(rel)
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
+                self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+                return
             related_objects = list(rel.RelatedObjects)
             related_objects.remove(self.settings["related_object"])
             rel.RelatedObjects = related_objects
-            ifcopenshell.api.run(
-                "owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel}
-            )
+            ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, element=rel)
             return rel
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_recurrence_pattern.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_recurrence_pattern.py
index 5c46e3e51c..7a13495289 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_recurrence_pattern.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_recurrence_pattern.py
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import ifcopenshell.api
-
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, recurrence_pattern=None):
@@ -53,4 +51,6 @@ class Usecase:
         self.settings = {"recurrence_pattern": recurrence_pattern}
 
     def execute(self):
+        for time_period in self.settings["recurrence_pattern"].TimePeriods or []:
+            self.file.remove(time_period)
         self.file.remove(self.settings["recurrence_pattern"])
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_sequence.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_sequence.py
index 481a77831b..85afb4cd23 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_sequence.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/sequence/unassign_sequence.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -65,9 +66,8 @@ class Usecase:
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["related_process"].IsSuccessorFrom or []:
             if rel.RelatingProcess == self.settings["relating_process"]:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
-        ifcopenshell.api.run(
-            "sequence.cascade_schedule",
-            self.file,
-            task=self.settings["related_process"],
-        )
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+        ifcopenshell.api.run("sequence.cascade_schedule", self.file, task=self.settings["related_process"])
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/assign_container.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/assign_container.py
index d21e91f6f0..28c594ab74 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/assign_container.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/assign_container.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 import ifcopenshell.util.placement
 
 
@@ -120,7 +121,10 @@ class Usecase:
                 contained_in_structure[0].RelatedElements = related_elements
                 ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": contained_in_structure[0]})
             else:
+                history = contained_in_structure[0].OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(contained_in_structure[0])
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         if contains_elements:
             related_elements = list(contains_elements[0].RelatedElements)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/dereference_structure.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/dereference_structure.py
index a919d2195d..b47a9f976f 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/dereference_structure.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/dereference_structure.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -77,4 +78,7 @@ class Usecase:
                 rel.RelatedElements = related_elements
                 ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel})
             else:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/remove_container.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/remove_container.py
index 55bdf637ee..48a2f6dc38 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/remove_container.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/remove_container.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -70,4 +71,7 @@ class Usecase:
             contained_in_structure[0].RelatedElements = related_elements
             ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": contained_in_structure[0]})
         else:
+            history = contained_in_structure[0].OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(contained_in_structure[0])
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/unassign_container.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/unassign_container.py
index b82d575473..7c46bd3e49 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/unassign_container.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/spatial/unassign_container.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -67,4 +68,7 @@ class Usecase:
                 rel.RelatedElements = related_elements
                 ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, element=rel)
             else:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_analysis_model.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_analysis_model.py
index ab4f5558aa..b4148687aa 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_analysis_model.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_analysis_model.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, structural_analysis_model=None):
@@ -34,5 +37,11 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["structural_analysis_model"].IsGroupedBy or []:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+        history = self.settings["structural_analysis_model"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["structural_analysis_model"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_connection_condition.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_connection_condition.py
index e6e60ef48c..a09618575f 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_connection_condition.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_connection_condition.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -38,6 +40,9 @@ class Usecase:
             ifcopenshell.api.run(
                 "structural.remove_structural_boundary_condition",
                 self.file,
-                **{"connection": self.settings["relation"].RelatedStructuralConnection}
+                connection=self.settings["relation"].RelatedStructuralConnection
             )
+        history = self.settings["relation"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["relation"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_case.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_case.py
index 2b724675f8..c9aa1b2c5d 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_case.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_case.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -34,5 +36,10 @@ class Usecase:
     def execute(self):
         # TODO: do a deep purge
         for rel in self.settings["load_case"].IsGroupedBy or []:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+        history = self.settings["load_case"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["load_case"])
+        ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_group.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_group.py
index fb97b71b92..937af21bca 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_group.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/remove_structural_load_group.py
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -35,5 +37,11 @@ class Usecase:
         # TODO: do a deep purge
         for inverse in self.file.get_inverse(self.settings["load_group"]):
             if inverse.is_a("IfcRelAssignsToGroup") and len(inverse.RelatedObjects) == 1:
+                history = inverse.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(inverse)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
+        history = self.settings["load_group"].OwnerHistory
         self.file.remove(self.settings["load_group"])
+        if history:
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/unassign_structural_analysis_model.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/unassign_structural_analysis_model.py
index 3f8af320e7..0dd7bf8ca4 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/unassign_structural_analysis_model.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/structural/unassign_structural_analysis_model.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -48,4 +49,7 @@ class Usecase:
             rel.RelatedObjects = list(related_objects)
             ifcopenshell.api.run("owner.update_owner_history", self.file, **{"element": rel})
         else:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/style/remove_surface_style.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/style/remove_surface_style.py
index 809862c8ed..5e17b2b06d 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/style/remove_surface_style.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/style/remove_surface_style.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_filling.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_filling.py
index 3f8ed9340d..b457ab5d3a 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_filling.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_filling.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 class Usecase:
@@ -108,13 +109,14 @@ class Usecase:
         if fills_voids:
             if fills_voids[0].RelatingOpeningElement == self.settings["opening"]:
                 return
+            history = fills_voids[0].OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(fills_voids[0])
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         self.file.create_entity(
             "IfcRelFillsElement",
-            **{
-                "GlobalId": ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
-                "RelatingOpeningElement": self.settings["opening"],
-                "RelatedBuildingElement": self.settings["element"],
-            }
+            GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
+            RelatingOpeningElement=self.settings["opening"],
+            RelatedBuildingElement=self.settings["element"],
         )
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_opening.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_opening.py
index e3abf67a9d..de479a1d39 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_opening.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/add_opening.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 import ifcopenshell.util.placement
 
 
@@ -108,7 +109,10 @@ class Usecase:
         if voids_elements:
             if voids_elements[0].RelatingBuildingElement == self.settings["element"]:
                 return
+            history = voids_elements[0].OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(voids_elements[0])
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
 
         self.file.create_entity(
             "IfcRelVoidsElement",
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_filling.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_filling.py
index f8cefdfc9e..d277960a5f 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_filling.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_filling.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
 
 class Usecase:
     def __init__(self, file, element=None):
@@ -56,5 +59,8 @@ class Usecase:
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.file.by_type("IfcRelFillsElement"):
             if rel.RelatedBuildingElement == self.settings["element"]:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
                 break
diff --git a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_opening.py b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_opening.py
index 9be088dc52..6ed1079b41 100644
--- a/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_opening.py
+++ b/src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/void/remove_opening.py
@@ -49,8 +49,14 @@ class Usecase:
 
     def execute(self):
         for rel in self.settings["opening"].VoidsElements:
+            history = rel.OwnerHistory
             self.file.remove(rel)
+            if history:
+                ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         if self.settings["opening"].is_a("IfcOpeningElement"):
             for rel in self.settings["opening"].HasFillings:
+                history = rel.OwnerHistory
                 self.file.remove(rel)
+                if history:
+                    ifcopenshell.util.element.remove_deep2(self.file, history)
         ifcopenshell.api.run("root.remove_product", self.file, product=self.settings["opening"])