Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/v0.8.0' into ifcviewer-wgpu

src/ifcopenshell-python/Makefile

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ ifeq ($(PLATFORM), win64)
 PLATFORMTAG:=win_amd64
 endif
 
-BINARY_VERSION:=0.8.5
-BUILD_COMMIT:=1c5b825
+BINARY_VERSION:=0.8.6
+BUILD_COMMIT:=3e7b739
 IOS_URL:=https://s3.amazonaws.com/ifcopenshell-builds/ifcopenshell-python-$(PYNUMBER)-v$(BINARY_VERSION)-$(BUILD_COMMIT)-$(PLATFORM).zip
 IFCCONVERT_URL:=https://s3.amazonaws.com/ifcopenshell-builds/IfcConvert-v$(BINARY_VERSION)-$(BUILD_COMMIT)-$(PLATFORM).zip
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/docs/introduction/introduction_to_ifc.rst

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Begin learning IFC
 ------------------
 
 IFC has three versions published by ISO: **IFC2X3** from 2007, **IFC4** from
-2017, and **IFC4X3** in draft form. Each version improves on the previous
+2017, and **IFC4X3** from 2024. Each version improves on the previous
 version, and will have different **IFC Classes** with different attributes and
 different **IFC Concepts**.
 
@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ You can access the official documentation here:
 
 .. tip::
 
-   It is recommended to use IFC4. However, the IFC4X3 documentation is a lot
-   more friendly to newcomers.
+   For most buildings, IFC4 is recommended. For infrastructure projects (road,
+   railway, bridge, and other civil elements), use IFC4X3. The IFC4X3 documentation
+   is also generally more newcomer-friendly.
 
 The official ISO documentation is written for a technical audience and may be
 overwhelming. This guide will take you slowly through the core concepts, and

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/__init__.py

@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ del _patch_swig_comparisons
 # End hacks!
 from .sql import sqlite, sqlite_entity
 
+get_log = ifcopenshell_wrapper.get_log
+logger = getattr(ifcopenshell_wrapper, "logger", None)
+
 # explicitly specify available imported symbols
 # (it's a requirement for a typed library)
 __all__ = [
@@ -150,10 +153,20 @@ class SchemaError(Error):
 
 @overload
 def open(
-    path: Union[os.PathLike, str], format: SupportedFormat = None, *, should_stream: Literal[False] = False
+    path: Union[os.PathLike, str],
+    format: SupportedFormat = None,
+    *,
+    should_stream: Literal[False] = False,
+    logger: Optional[logger] = None,
 ) -> Union[_file, sqlite]: ...
 @overload
-def open(path: Union[os.PathLike, str], format: SupportedFormat = None, *, should_stream: Literal[True]) -> _stream: ...
+def open(
+    path: Union[os.PathLike, str],
+    format: SupportedFormat = None,
+    *,
+    should_stream: Literal[True],
+    logger: Optional[logger] = None,
+) -> _stream: ...
 @overload
 def open(
     path: Union[os.PathLike, str],
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@ def open(
     *,
     should_stream: bool = False,
     readonly: bool = False,
+    logger: Optional[logger] = None,
 ) -> Union[_file, sqlite, _stream]: ...
 def open(
     path: Union[os.PathLike, str],
@@ -169,11 +183,13 @@ def open(
     readonly: bool = False,
     mmap: bool = False,
     bypass_types: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+    logger: Optional[logger] = None,
 ) -> Union[_file, sqlite, _stream]:
     """Loads an IFC dataset from a filepath
 
     :param should_stream: Whether to open the file in streaming mode. Could be useful
         for reading large files.
+    :param logger: Logger that receives native parser messages.
 
     You can specify a file format. If no format is given, it is guessed from
     its extension.
@@ -198,8 +214,10 @@ def open(
         raise FileNotFoundError(f"Path does not exist: '{path}'.")
     if format is None:
         format = guess_format(path)
+    if logger is None and (logger_type := getattr(ifcopenshell_wrapper, "logger", None)):
+        logger = logger_type.Root()
     if format == ".ifcXML":
-        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.parse_ifcxml(str(path.absolute()))
+        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.parse_ifcxml(str(path.absolute()), *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()))
         if f:
             return file(f)
         raise OSError(f"Failed to parse .ifcXML file from {path}")
@@ -208,7 +226,7 @@ def open(
             with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as zf:
                 for name in zf.namelist():
                     if Path(name).suffix.lower() in (".ifc", ".ifcxml"):
-                        return open(zf.extract(name, unzipped_path))
+                        return open(zf.extract(name, unzipped_path), logger=logger)
                 else:
                     raise LookupError(f"No .ifc or .ifcXML file found in {path}")
     if format == ".ifcSQLite":
@@ -216,9 +234,11 @@ def open(
     if should_stream:
         return stream(path)
     if readonly:  # Temporary conditional see #7131. Remove once newer builds don't segfault on Linux.
-        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.open(str(path.absolute()), readonly=readonly)
+        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.open(str(path.absolute()), readonly, *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()))
     elif bypass_types:
-        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.file(ifcopenshell_wrapper.uninitialized_tag())
+        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.file(
+            ifcopenshell_wrapper.uninitialized_tag(), *((logger,) if logger is not None else ())
+        )
         for ty in bypass_types:
             f.bypass_type(ty)
         if mmap:
@@ -228,9 +248,12 @@ def open(
             f.initialize(str(path.absolute()))
     elif mmap:
         # mmap parameter is only available for builds with USE_MMAP, not used in our main builds
-        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.open(str(path.absolute()), mmap=mmap)  # ty: ignore[unknown-argument]
+        kwargs = {"mmap": mmap}
+        if logger is not None:
+            kwargs["logger"] = logger
+        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.open(str(path.absolute()), **kwargs)  # ty: ignore[unknown-argument]
     else:
-        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.open(str(path.absolute()))
+        f = ifcopenshell_wrapper.open(str(path.absolute()), False, *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()))
 
     f.post_init()
 
@@ -416,4 +439,3 @@ def convert_path_to_rocksdb(
 
 version_core = ifcopenshell_wrapper.version()
 __version__ = version = "0.0.0"
-get_log = ifcopenshell_wrapper.get_log

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/alignment/update_fallback_position.py

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import numpy as np
-
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.util.placement
 from ifcopenshell import entity_instance
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ def update_fallback_position(file: ifcopenshell.file, lp: entity_instance):
     if not lp.CartesianPosition:
         lp.CartesianPosition = file.createIfcAxis2Placement3D(Location=file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)))
 
-    p = np.array(ifcopenshell.util.placement.get_axis2placement(lp.RelativePlacement))
+    p = ifcopenshell.util.placement.get_local_placement(lp)
 
     x = float(p[0, 3])
     y = float(p[1, 3])

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/cost/assign_cost_item_quantity.py

@@ -16,10 +16,15 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import ifcopenshell.api.control
+import ast
+import operator
 from typing import Any
 
 import ifcopenshell.api.control
 import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
 
 
 def assign_cost_item_quantity(
@@ -27,6 +32,8 @@ def assign_cost_item_quantity(
     cost_item: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
     products: list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance],
     prop_name: str = "",
+    formula: str = "",
+    ifc_class: str = "IfcQuantityLength",
 ) -> None:
     """Adds a cost item quantity that is parametrically connected to a product
 
@@ -57,6 +64,12 @@ def assign_cost_item_quantity(
     :param prop_name: The name of the quantity. If this is not specified,
         then it is assumed that there is no calculated quantity, and the
         number of objects are counted instead.
+    :param formula: The string that contains the formula
+    :param ifc_class: The quantity class of the calculated value if the formula is
+        specified. Can be ['IfcQuantityCount', 'IfcQuantityNumber',
+        'IfcQuantityLength', 'IfcQuantityArea', 'IfcQuantityVolume',
+        'IfcQuantityWeight', 'IfcQuantityTime']. Check
+        ifcopenshell.util.unit.QUANTITY_CLASS for more info.
     :return: None
 
     Example:
@@ -84,6 +97,18 @@ def assign_cost_item_quantity(
         # item.
         ifcopenshell.api.cost.assign_cost_item_quantity(model,
             cost_item=item, products=[slab], prop_name="NetVolume")
+
+        # Now let's use the formula in order to calculate the quantity value.
+        # For example, let's say that a IfcWall has the reinfocement volume ratio
+        # stored in the Pset_ConcreteElementGeneral.ReinforcementVolumeRatio
+        # and of course it has also the gross volume stored in the
+        # Qto_WallBaseQuantities.GrossVolume. So we can add an IfcQuantity that stores the
+        # reinforcement volume calculated with reinfocement volume ratio * gross volume.
+        ifcopenshell.api.cost.assign_cost_item_quantity(model,
+            cost_item=item, products=[wall],
+            formula="Pset_ConcreteElementGeneral.ReinforcementVolumeRatio * NetVolume"
+            ifc_class="IfcQuantityVolume")
+
     """
     usecase = Usecase()
     usecase.file = file
@@ -91,6 +116,8 @@ def assign_cost_item_quantity(
         "cost_item": cost_item,
         "products": products or [],
         "prop_name": prop_name,
+        "formula": formula,
+        "ifc_class" : ifc_class
     }
     return usecase.execute()
 
@@ -100,12 +127,50 @@ class Usecase:
     settings: dict[str, Any]
 
     def execute(self):
-        if self.settings["prop_name"]:
+        if self.settings["prop_name"] or self.settings["formula"]:
             self.quantities = set(self.settings["cost_item"].CostQuantities or [])
         for product in self.settings["products"]:
             if product.is_a("IfcSpatialElement"):
                 continue
             self.assign_cost_control(related_object=product, cost_item=self.settings["cost_item"])
+            if self.settings["formula"]:
+                tree = ast.parse(self.settings["formula"], mode = "eval")
+                collector = VariableExtractor()
+                collector.visit(tree)
+                variables = collector.variables
+
+                for variable in variables:
+                    getter = self.get_value_from_pset if "." in variable else self.get_value_from_qset
+                    value = getter(product, variable)
+
+                if value is None:
+                        print(
+                            f"WARNING: Variable '{variable}' in product '{product.Name}' "
+                            f"is missing (None). Check Pset/Qset or property name."
+                        )
+                elif value == 0:
+                    print(
+                        f"WARNING: Variable '{variable}' in product '{product.Name}' "
+                        f"has value 0. Verify if this is correct."
+                    )
+
+                evaluator = FormulaEvaluator(values)
+                result = evaluator.visit(tree.body)
+
+                new_quantity = None
+                for quantity in self.quantities:
+                    if quantity.Formula == self.settings["formula"] and len(self.settings["products"]) == 1: #Todo improve it
+                        new_quantity = quantity
+                        self.settings["ifc_class"] = quantity.is_a()
+                        continue
+                if new_quantity is None:
+                    new_quantity = self.file.create_entity(self.settings["ifc_class"], Name="Unnamed")
+                    new_quantity.Formula = self.settings["formula"]
+                    self.quantities.add(new_quantity)
+
+                new_quantity[3] = result
+                continue
+
             if self.settings["prop_name"]:
                 if (
                     self.settings["cost_item"].CostQuantities
@@ -113,11 +178,30 @@ class Usecase:
                 ):
                     continue
                 self.add_quantity_from_related_object(product)
-        if self.settings["prop_name"]:
+        if self.settings["prop_name"] or self.settings["formula"]:
             self.settings["cost_item"].CostQuantities = list(self.quantities)
         else:
             self.update_cost_item_count()
 
+    def get_value_from_pset(
+            self,
+            product:ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+            v: str,
+    ) -> float:
+        pset_name = v.split(".")[0]
+        pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(product, pset_name)
+        pset_property_name = v.split(".")[1]
+        return (pset or {}).get(pset_property_name,None)
+
+    def get_value_from_qset(
+            self,
+            product:ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+            v: str,
+    ) -> float:
+        qtos = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_psets(product, qtos_only = True)
+        quantities = next(iter(qtos.values()), {})
+        return (quantities or {}).get(v,None)
+
     def assign_cost_control(
         self, related_object: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, cost_item: ifcopenshell.entity_instance
     ) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
@@ -158,3 +242,55 @@ class Usecase:
                         if not obj.is_a("IfcConstructionResource"):
                             count += 1
                 quantity[3] = count
+
+OPERATORS = {
+    ast.Add: operator.add,
+    ast.Sub: operator.sub,
+    ast.Mult: operator.mul,
+    ast.Div: operator.truediv,
+    ast.Pow: operator.pow,
+    ast.USub: operator.neg,
+}
+
+def build_full_name(node):
+    #used for variables with dots
+    parts = []
+    while isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
+            parts.append(node.attr)
+            node = node.value
+
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+        parts.append(node.id)
+
+    return ".".join(reversed(parts))
+
+class VariableExtractor(ast.NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.variables = set()
+
+    def visit_Name(self, node):
+        self.variables.add(node.id)
+
+    def visit_Attribute(self, node):
+        self.variables.add(build_full_name(node))
+
+class FormulaEvaluator(ast.NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self, values):
+        self.values = values
+
+    def visit_BinOp(self, node):
+        left = self.visit(node.left)
+        right = self.visit(node.right)
+        return OPERATORS[type(node.op)](left, right)
+
+    def visit_Name(self, node):
+        return self.values[node.id]
+
+    def visit_Attribute(self, node):
+        return self.values[build_full_name(node)]
+
+    def visit_Constant(self, node):
+        return node.value
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node):
+        raise ValueError(f"Operation not permitted: {type(node).__name__}")

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/geometry/regenerate_wall_representation.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def regenerate_wall_representation(
     length: float = 1.0,
     height: float = 1.0,
     angle: Optional[float] = None,
-) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
+) -> Optional[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]:
     """
     Regenerate the body representation of a wall taking into account connections.
 
@@ -94,7 +94,10 @@ def regenerate_wall_representation(
         default height in SI units.
     :param angle: If the wall doesn't already have a slope, this is the default
         angle in radians. Left as none or 0 defines no slope.
-    :return: The newly generated body IfcShapeRepresentation
+    :return: The newly generated body IfcShapeRepresentation, or ``None`` if
+        the wall has no ``IfcMaterialLayerSet`` (the layer-set rebuild is the
+        only mode this function knows; without layers there is nothing to
+        regenerate and callers should leave the existing representation alone).
     """
     return Regenerator(file).regenerate(wall, length=length, height=height, angle=angle)
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/api/type/assign_type.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import ifcopenshell.api.owner
 import ifcopenshell.api.type
 import ifcopenshell.guid
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import ifcopenshell.util.type
 
 
 def assign_type(
@@ -189,6 +190,32 @@ class Usecase:
         if not related_objects:
             return
 
+        # The EXPRESS schema has no WHERE rule pairing RelatingType /
+        # RelatedObjects classes; the canonical class pairing per schema
+        # is a buildingSMART implementer agreement, enforced here.
+        allowed_occurrences = set(
+            ifcopenshell.util.type.get_applicable_entities(relating_type.is_a(), schema=self.file.schema)
+        )
+        # The implementer agreement map has no entry for the abstract
+        # IfcTypeProduct, which Bonsai uses for annotation types. The schema
+        # itself defines IfcTypeProduct.ApplicableOccurrence for exactly this
+        # purpose, so honor it when the leading class token is a valid entity.
+        if applicable_occurrence := getattr(relating_type, "ApplicableOccurrence", None):
+            occurrence_class = applicable_occurrence.split("/", 1)[0]
+            schema = ifcopenshell.schema_by_name(self.file.schema)
+            try:
+                schema.declaration_by_name(occurrence_class)
+                allowed_occurrences.add(occurrence_class)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+        mismatched_classes = sorted({o.is_a() for o in related_objects if o.is_a() not in allowed_occurrences})
+        if mismatched_classes:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{relating_type.is_a()} cannot type {', '.join(mismatched_classes)} "
+                f"in schema {self.file.schema} (allowed occurrence classes: "
+                f"{', '.join(sorted(allowed_occurrences)) or '<none>'})"
+            )
+
         ifc2x3 = self.file.schema == "IFC2X3"
         related_objects_set = set(related_objects)
         if ifc2x3:

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/draw.py

@@ -104,7 +104,10 @@ def main(
     iterators: Sequence[ifcopenshell.geom.iterator] = (),
     merge_projection: bool = True,
     progress_function: Callable = DO_NOTHING,
+    logger=None,
 ):
+    if logger is None and ifcopenshell.logger is not None:
+        logger = ifcopenshell.logger.Root()
 
     def by_guid(g):
         for f in files:
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ def main(
                 iterator_kwargs["include"] = list(
                     filter(has_selected_parent, sum((f.by_type(x) for x in iterator_kwargs["include"]), []))
                 )
-            return ifcopenshell.geom.iterator(geom_settings, f, **iterator_kwargs)
+            return ifcopenshell.geom.iterator(geom_settings, f, logger=logger, **iterator_kwargs)
 
         # We have to keep the iterator in memory because otherwise
         # the styles are cleared up.
@@ -448,7 +451,6 @@ def main(
             g1.appendChild(g2)
 
     if settings.arrange_spaces or settings.arrange_zones:
-
         if settings.storey_filter:
             # delete storey groups not selected by filter
             # sometimes happens in case of elements protruding multiple stories
@@ -531,6 +533,7 @@ def main(
             arranged = W.arrange_polygons(
                 *filter(None, (ARRANGE_POLYGON_SETTINGS,)),
                 polies,  # ty: ignore[too-many-positional-arguments]
+                *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()),
             )
             svg_data_3 = W.polygons_to_svg(arranged, False)
             dom3 = parseString(svg_data_3)

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/entity_instance.py

@@ -213,8 +213,11 @@ class entity_instance_mixin:
         return value
 
     def __eq__(self, other: entity_instance_mixin) -> bool:
-        if other is None or not isinstance(other, entity_instance_mixin):
-            return False
+        if not isinstance(other, entity_instance_mixin):
+            if not self.is_entity():
+                return self[0] == other
+            else:
+                return False
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@ class entity_instance_mixin:
             )
         )
 
-    def get_info(
+    def get_info_py(
         self,
         include_identifier: bool = True,
         recursive: bool = False,
@@ -382,64 +385,22 @@ class entity_instance_mixin:
 
     __dict__ = property(get_info)
 
-    def get_info_2(
+    def get_info(
         self,
         include_identifier: bool = True,
         recursive: bool = False,
         return_type: type[dict] = dict,
         ignore: Sequence[str] = (),
     ) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        """More perfomant version of `.get_info()` but with limited arguments values.\n
-        Method has exactly the same signature as `.get_info()` but it doesn't support getting information non-recursively.
-
-        Currently supported arguments values:
-            * recursive: `True` (will fail with default `False` value from `.get_info()`)
-            * return_type: `dict`
-            * ignore: `()` (empty tuple)
+        """More perfomant version of `.get_info()`.\n
+        Method has exactly the same signature as `.get_info()`, but the fast C++
+        path only implements ``recursive=True``, ``return_type=dict`` and
+        ``ignore=()``. Any other combination falls back to the pure Python
+        `.get_info()`, where no meaningful performance gain is possible anyway
+        as the cost is dominated by the recursive traversal.
         """
-
-        assert return_type is dict
-        assert len(ignore) == 0
-        return ifcopenshell_wrapper.get_info_cpp(self, recursive, include_identifier)
-
-
-# Alias for backwards compatibility — external code imports this name.
-entity_instance = entity_instance_mixin
-
-
-# Monkey-patch SWIG's __eq__, __ne__, __lt__ on the generated entity_instance
-# class to guard against None / non-entity arguments. SWIG generates these
-# directly on the class (overriding the mixin), and they pass arguments straight
-# to C++ which rejects null references.
-# Deferred until after ifcopenshell_wrapper finishes loading to avoid circular import.
-_swig_comparisons_patched = False
-
-
-def _patch_swig_comparisons():
-    global _swig_comparisons_patched
-    if _swig_comparisons_patched:
-        return
-    _swig_cls = ifcopenshell_wrapper.entity_instance
-    _orig_eq = _swig_cls.__eq__
-    _orig_ne = _swig_cls.__ne__
-    _orig_lt = _swig_cls.__lt__
-
-    def _safe_eq(self, other):
-        if other is None or not isinstance(other, _swig_cls):
-            return NotImplemented
-        return _orig_eq(self, other)
-
-    def _safe_ne(self, other):
-        if other is None or not isinstance(other, _swig_cls):
-            return NotImplemented
-        return _orig_ne(self, other)
-
-    def _safe_lt(self, other):
-        if other is None or not isinstance(other, _swig_cls):
-            return NotImplemented
-        return _orig_lt(self, other)
-
-    _swig_cls.__eq__ = _safe_eq
-    _swig_cls.__ne__ = _safe_ne
-    _swig_cls.__lt__ = _safe_lt
-    _swig_comparisons_patched = True
+        if recursive and return_type is dict and not ignore:
+            return ifcopenshell_wrapper.get_info_cpp(self.wrapped_data, include_identifier)
+        return self.get_info_py(
+            include_identifier=include_identifier, recursive=recursive, return_type=return_type, ignore=ignore
+        )

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/bootstrap.py

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 
 import os
-import sys
-import string
 import operator
 import itertools
 
@@ -158,6 +156,7 @@ actions = {
 to_emit = set(id for id, expr in express)
 emitted = set()
 to_combine = set(["simple_id"])
+to_original_text = set(["simple_string_literal"])
 statements = []
 
 terminals = reduce(lambda x, y: x | y, (find_bytype(e, Terminal) for id, e in express))
@@ -176,6 +175,9 @@ while True:
             stmt = "(%s)" % expr
             if id in to_combine:
                 stmt = " + ".join(itertools.chain(negated_keywords, ("originalTextFor(Combine%s)" % stmt,)))
+            elif id in to_original_text:
+                # We use lower() because it better matches the previous default of the CaselessLiterals for individual lexemes and express dictates case-insensitive comparisons anyway
+                stmt = "(originalTextFor%s).addParseAction(tokenMap(str.lower))" % stmt
             if id not in no_action and not isinstance(expr.contents, Keyword) and not id in to_combine:
                 node_type = "ListNode" if "ZeroOrMore" in stmt else "Node"
                 action = actions.get(id, 'lambda s, loc, t: %s(s, loc, t, rule="%s")' % (node_type, id))
@@ -193,6 +195,8 @@ for id in to_emit:
     stmt = "(%s)" % expr
     if id in to_combine:
         stmt = "Suppress%s" % stmt
+    elif id in to_original_text:
+        stmt = "(originalTextFor%s).addParseAction(tokenMap(str.lower))" % stmt
     if id not in no_action and not isinstance(expr.contents, Keyword):
         children = list(map(operator.attrgetter('contents'), reduce(lambda x, y: x | y, (find_bytype(e, Keyword) for e in [expr]))))
         has_duplicates = len(children) > len(set(children))
@@ -204,7 +208,8 @@ for id in to_emit:
     statements.append("%s << %s" % (id, stmt))
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print(r"""
+    print(
+        r"""
 # This file is generated by IfcOpenShell ifcexpressparser bootstrap.py
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -243,5 +248,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         mdl = importlib.import_module(output)
         mdl.Generator(m).emit()
     sys.stdout.write(m.schema.name)
-""" % ("\n        ".join(statements))
+"""
+        % ("\n        ".join(statements))
     )

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/express_parser.py

@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ def parse(fn: str) -> mapping.Mapping:
         special = ((not_paren_star_quote_special | CaselessLiteral("(") | CaselessLiteral(")") | CaselessLiteral("*") | CaselessLiteral("\"\""))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="special"))("special")
         binary_literal = ((CaselessLiteral("%") + bit + ZeroOrMore(bit))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="binary_literal"))("binary_literal")
         integer_literal = (digits)("integer_literal")
-        simple_id = ~CaselessKeyword("generic") + ~CaselessKeyword("value") + ~CaselessKeyword("case") + ~CaselessKeyword("for") + ~CaselessKeyword("sin") + ~CaselessKeyword("value_unique") + ~CaselessKeyword("extensible") + ~CaselessKeyword("tan") + ~CaselessKeyword("local") + ~CaselessKeyword("string") + ~CaselessKeyword("procedure") + ~CaselessKeyword("derive") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_if") + ~CaselessKeyword("supertype") + ~CaselessKeyword("entity") + ~CaselessKeyword("oneof") + ~CaselessKeyword("constant") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_case") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_alias") + ~CaselessKeyword("unknown") + ~CaselessKeyword("total_over") + ~CaselessKeyword("div") + ~CaselessKeyword("type") + ~CaselessKeyword("true") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_repeat") + ~CaselessKeyword("unique") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_rule") + ~CaselessKeyword("number") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_function") + ~CaselessKeyword("where") + ~CaselessKeyword("self") + ~CaselessKeyword("usedin") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_type") + ~CaselessKeyword("logical") + ~CaselessKeyword("generic_entity") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_schema") + ~CaselessKeyword("xor") + ~CaselessKeyword("until") + ~CaselessKeyword("to") + ~CaselessKeyword("in") + ~CaselessKeyword("inverse") + ~CaselessKeyword("enumeration") + ~CaselessKeyword("var") + ~CaselessKeyword("value_in") + ~CaselessKeyword("const_e") + ~CaselessKeyword("use") + ~CaselessKeyword("exists") + ~CaselessKeyword("exp") + ~CaselessKeyword("while") + ~CaselessKeyword("if") + ~CaselessKeyword("fixed") + ~CaselessKeyword("subtype") + ~CaselessKeyword("format") + ~CaselessKeyword("as") + ~CaselessKeyword("and") + ~CaselessKeyword("rule") + ~CaselessKeyword("function") + ~CaselessKeyword("lobound") + ~CaselessKeyword("length") + ~CaselessKeyword("hiindex") + ~CaselessKeyword("log2") + ~CaselessKeyword("reference") + ~CaselessKeyword("skip") + ~CaselessKeyword("with") + ~CaselessKeyword("integer") + ~CaselessKeyword("sqrt") + ~CaselessKeyword("insert") + ~CaselessKeyword("nvl") + ~CaselessKeyword("log") + ~CaselessKeyword("boolean") + ~CaselessKeyword("from") + ~CaselessKeyword("rolesof") + ~CaselessKeyword("hibound") + ~CaselessKeyword("abs") + ~CaselessKeyword("like") + ~CaselessKeyword("pi") + ~CaselessKeyword("alias") + ~CaselessKeyword("not") + ~CaselessKeyword("repeat") + ~CaselessKeyword("based_on") + ~CaselessKeyword("subtype_constraint") + ~CaselessKeyword("asin") + ~CaselessKeyword("optional") + ~CaselessKeyword("list") + ~CaselessKeyword("abstract") + ~CaselessKeyword("mod") + ~CaselessKeyword("false") + ~CaselessKeyword("log10") + ~CaselessKeyword("loindex") + ~CaselessKeyword("aggregate") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_constant") + ~CaselessKeyword("end") + ~CaselessKeyword("sizeof") + ~CaselessKeyword("remove") + ~CaselessKeyword("acos") + ~CaselessKeyword("set") + ~CaselessKeyword("renamed") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_local") + ~CaselessKeyword("of") + ~CaselessKeyword("escape") + ~CaselessKeyword("begin") + ~CaselessKeyword("select") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_procedure") + ~CaselessKeyword("else") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_subtype_constraint") + ~CaselessKeyword("cos") + ~CaselessKeyword("real") + ~CaselessKeyword("query") + ~CaselessKeyword("odd") + ~CaselessKeyword("andor") + ~CaselessKeyword("return") + ~CaselessKeyword("then") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_entity") + ~CaselessKeyword("array") + ~CaselessKeyword("blength") + ~CaselessKeyword("or") + ~CaselessKeyword("typeof") + ~CaselessKeyword("binary") + ~CaselessKeyword("atan") + ~CaselessKeyword("by") + ~CaselessKeyword("otherwise") + ~CaselessKeyword("bag") + ~CaselessKeyword("schema") + originalTextFor(Combine((letter + ZeroOrMore((letter | digit | CaselessLiteral("_"))))))("simple_id")
-        simple_string_literal = ((CaselessLiteral("'") + ZeroOrMore(((CaselessLiteral("'") + CaselessLiteral("'")) | not_quote)) + CaselessLiteral("'")))("simple_string_literal")
+        simple_id = ~CaselessKeyword("format") + ~CaselessKeyword("loindex") + ~CaselessKeyword("in") + ~CaselessKeyword("where") + ~CaselessKeyword("by") + ~CaselessKeyword("subtype") + ~CaselessKeyword("local") + ~CaselessKeyword("sin") + ~CaselessKeyword("case") + ~CaselessKeyword("false") + ~CaselessKeyword("entity") + ~CaselessKeyword("exp") + ~CaselessKeyword("hiindex") + ~CaselessKeyword("generic_entity") + ~CaselessKeyword("number") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_rule") + ~CaselessKeyword("schema") + ~CaselessKeyword("from") + ~CaselessKeyword("length") + ~CaselessKeyword("insert") + ~CaselessKeyword("real") + ~CaselessKeyword("like") + ~CaselessKeyword("hibound") + ~CaselessKeyword("if") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_schema") + ~CaselessKeyword("generic") + ~CaselessKeyword("extensible") + ~CaselessKeyword("pi") + ~CaselessKeyword("of") + ~CaselessKeyword("logical") + ~CaselessKeyword("rolesof") + ~CaselessKeyword("log") + ~CaselessKeyword("integer") + ~CaselessKeyword("or") + ~CaselessKeyword("odd") + ~CaselessKeyword("list") + ~CaselessKeyword("procedure") + ~CaselessKeyword("renamed") + ~CaselessKeyword("optional") + ~CaselessKeyword("log10") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_function") + ~CaselessKeyword("value_unique") + ~CaselessKeyword("fixed") + ~CaselessKeyword("repeat") + ~CaselessKeyword("rule") + ~CaselessKeyword("mod") + ~CaselessKeyword("exists") + ~CaselessKeyword("with") + ~CaselessKeyword("nvl") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_repeat") + ~CaselessKeyword("not") + ~CaselessKeyword("type") + ~CaselessKeyword("otherwise") + ~CaselessKeyword("lobound") + ~CaselessKeyword("query") + ~CaselessKeyword("function") + ~CaselessKeyword("reference") + ~CaselessKeyword("enumeration") + ~CaselessKeyword("oneof") + ~CaselessKeyword("bag") + ~CaselessKeyword("then") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_if") + ~CaselessKeyword("sizeof") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_procedure") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_type") + ~CaselessKeyword("string") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_case") + ~CaselessKeyword("return") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_entity") + ~CaselessKeyword("log2") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_alias") + ~CaselessKeyword("inverse") + ~CaselessKeyword("derive") + ~CaselessKeyword("select") + ~CaselessKeyword("for") + ~CaselessKeyword("set") + ~CaselessKeyword("aggregate") + ~CaselessKeyword("self") + ~CaselessKeyword("array") + ~CaselessKeyword("abs") + ~CaselessKeyword("tan") + ~CaselessKeyword("subtype_constraint") + ~CaselessKeyword("remove") + ~CaselessKeyword("to") + ~CaselessKeyword("acos") + ~CaselessKeyword("skip") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_subtype_constraint") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_local") + ~CaselessKeyword("use") + ~CaselessKeyword("abstract") + ~CaselessKeyword("sqrt") + ~CaselessKeyword("var") + ~CaselessKeyword("until") + ~CaselessKeyword("while") + ~CaselessKeyword("end") + ~CaselessKeyword("typeof") + ~CaselessKeyword("supertype") + ~CaselessKeyword("based_on") + ~CaselessKeyword("true") + ~CaselessKeyword("alias") + ~CaselessKeyword("total_over") + ~CaselessKeyword("andor") + ~CaselessKeyword("cos") + ~CaselessKeyword("div") + ~CaselessKeyword("and") + ~CaselessKeyword("const_e") + ~CaselessKeyword("unique") + ~CaselessKeyword("as") + ~CaselessKeyword("boolean") + ~CaselessKeyword("constant") + ~CaselessKeyword("escape") + ~CaselessKeyword("atan") + ~CaselessKeyword("unknown") + ~CaselessKeyword("asin") + ~CaselessKeyword("usedin") + ~CaselessKeyword("xor") + ~CaselessKeyword("else") + ~CaselessKeyword("blength") + ~CaselessKeyword("value_in") + ~CaselessKeyword("value") + ~CaselessKeyword("begin") + ~CaselessKeyword("binary") + ~CaselessKeyword("end_constant") + originalTextFor(Combine((letter + ZeroOrMore((letter | digit | CaselessLiteral("_"))))))("simple_id")
+        simple_string_literal = (originalTextFor((CaselessLiteral("'") + ZeroOrMore(((CaselessLiteral("'") + CaselessLiteral("'")) | not_quote)) + CaselessLiteral("'")))).addParseAction(tokenMap(str.lower))("simple_string_literal")
         abstract_entity_declaration = (ABSTRACT)("abstract_entity_declaration")
         abstract_supertype = ((ABSTRACT + SUPERTYPE + CaselessLiteral(";"))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="abstract_supertype"))("abstract_supertype")
         add_like_op = ((CaselessLiteral("+") | CaselessLiteral("-") | OR | XOR)).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="add_like_op"))("add_like_op")
@@ -251,224 +251,224 @@ def parse(fn: str) -> mapping.Mapping:
         constructed_types = ((enumeration_type | select_type)).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="constructed_types"))("constructed_types")
         reference_clause = ((REFERENCE + FROM + schema_ref + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + resource_or_rename + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + resource_or_rename)) + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(";"))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="reference_clause"))("reference_clause")
         interface_specification = ((reference_clause | use_clause)).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="interface_specification"))("interface_specification")
-        supertype_factor = Forward()("supertype_factor")
-        interval_item = Forward()("interval_item")
-        subtype_constraint = Forward()("subtype_constraint")
-        repeat_stmt = Forward()("repeat_stmt")
-        subsuper = Forward()("subsuper")
-        increment = Forward()("increment")
-        remark = Forward()("remark")
-        increment_control = Forward()("increment_control")
-        local_variable = Forward()("local_variable")
-        until_control = Forward()("until_control")
-        while_control = Forward()("while_control")
-        parameter = Forward()("parameter")
-        width = Forward()("width")
-        string_type = Forward()("string_type")
-        array_type = Forward()("array_type")
-        if_stmt = Forward()("if_stmt")
-        index = Forward()("index")
-        repetition = Forward()("repetition")
-        index_qualifier = Forward()("index_qualifier")
-        bound_1 = Forward()("bound_1")
-        procedure_decl = Forward()("procedure_decl")
-        entity_constructor = Forward()("entity_constructor")
-        inverse_clause = Forward()("inverse_clause")
-        function_head = Forward()("function_head")
-        formal_parameter = Forward()("formal_parameter")
-        interval_high = Forward()("interval_high")
-        entity_decl = Forward()("entity_decl")
-        abstract_supertype_declaration = Forward()("abstract_supertype_declaration")
-        index_1 = Forward()("index_1")
-        general_aggregation_types = Forward()("general_aggregation_types")
-        real_type = Forward()("real_type")
-        type_decl = Forward()("type_decl")
-        stmt = Forward()("stmt")
-        declaration = Forward()("declaration")
-        explicit_attr = Forward()("explicit_attr")
-        compound_stmt = Forward()("compound_stmt")
-        aggregation_types = Forward()("aggregation_types")
-        simple_factor = Forward()("simple_factor")
-        where_clause = Forward()("where_clause")
-        entity_head = Forward()("entity_head")
-        underlying_type = Forward()("underlying_type")
-        subtype_constraint_decl = Forward()("subtype_constraint_decl")
-        logical_expression = Forward()("logical_expression")
-        case_label = Forward()("case_label")
-        expression = Forward()("expression")
-        general_list_type = Forward()("general_list_type")
-        actual_parameter_list = Forward()("actual_parameter_list")
-        width_spec = Forward()("width_spec")
-        selector = Forward()("selector")
-        syntax = Forward()("syntax")
-        aggregate_source = Forward()("aggregate_source")
-        return_stmt = Forward()("return_stmt")
-        embedded_remark = Forward()("embedded_remark")
-        parameter_type = Forward()("parameter_type")
-        term = Forward()("term")
-        derived_attr = Forward()("derived_attr")
-        repeat_control = Forward()("repeat_control")
-        assignment_stmt = Forward()("assignment_stmt")
-        bag_type = Forward()("bag_type")
-        inverse_attr = Forward()("inverse_attr")
-        constant_body = Forward()("constant_body")
-        precision_spec = Forward()("precision_spec")
-        general_bag_type = Forward()("general_bag_type")
-        qualifiable_factor = Forward()("qualifiable_factor")
-        bound_2 = Forward()("bound_2")
-        instantiable_type = Forward()("instantiable_type")
-        general_set_type = Forward()("general_set_type")
-        supertype_rule = Forward()("supertype_rule")
-        factor = Forward()("factor")
-        list_type = Forward()("list_type")
-        one_of = Forward()("one_of")
-        aggregate_type = Forward()("aggregate_type")
-        entity_body = Forward()("entity_body")
-        generalized_types = Forward()("generalized_types")
-        case_stmt = Forward()("case_stmt")
-        binary_type = Forward()("binary_type")
-        local_decl = Forward()("local_decl")
-        alias_stmt = Forward()("alias_stmt")
-        simple_expression = Forward()("simple_expression")
-        general_array_type = Forward()("general_array_type")
-        interval = Forward()("interval")
-        procedure_head = Forward()("procedure_head")
-        function_decl = Forward()("function_decl")
-        supertype_expression = Forward()("supertype_expression")
-        set_type = Forward()("set_type")
-        primary = Forward()("primary")
-        procedure_call_stmt = Forward()("procedure_call_stmt")
-        simple_types = Forward()("simple_types")
-        query_expression = Forward()("query_expression")
-        index_2 = Forward()("index_2")
-        constant_decl = Forward()("constant_decl")
-        case_action = Forward()("case_action")
-        schema_body = Forward()("schema_body")
-        element = Forward()("element")
-        numeric_expression = Forward()("numeric_expression")
-        aggregate_initializer = Forward()("aggregate_initializer")
-        schema_decl = Forward()("schema_decl")
-        supertype_term = Forward()("supertype_term")
-        algorithm_head = Forward()("algorithm_head")
-        supertype_constraint = Forward()("supertype_constraint")
-        interval_low = Forward()("interval_low")
-        domain_rule = Forward()("domain_rule")
         rule_decl = Forward()("rule_decl")
+        supertype_term = Forward()("supertype_term")
+        alias_stmt = Forward()("alias_stmt")
+        subtype_constraint_decl = Forward()("subtype_constraint_decl")
+        real_type = Forward()("real_type")
+        until_control = Forward()("until_control")
+        remark = Forward()("remark")
+        syntax = Forward()("syntax")
+        derived_attr = Forward()("derived_attr")
+        subtype_constraint = Forward()("subtype_constraint")
+        aggregation_types = Forward()("aggregation_types")
+        width = Forward()("width")
+        simple_expression = Forward()("simple_expression")
+        explicit_attr = Forward()("explicit_attr")
+        precision_spec = Forward()("precision_spec")
+        general_list_type = Forward()("general_list_type")
         concrete_types = Forward()("concrete_types")
-        qualifier = Forward()("qualifier")
-        subtype_constraint_body = Forward()("subtype_constraint_body")
-        function_call = Forward()("function_call")
-        bound_spec = Forward()("bound_spec")
+        while_control = Forward()("while_control")
+        aggregate_type = Forward()("aggregate_type")
+        increment_control = Forward()("increment_control")
+        index_qualifier = Forward()("index_qualifier")
+        supertype_rule = Forward()("supertype_rule")
+        subsuper = Forward()("subsuper")
+        interval_low = Forward()("interval_low")
+        bound_2 = Forward()("bound_2")
+        index_1 = Forward()("index_1")
+        return_stmt = Forward()("return_stmt")
+        type_decl = Forward()("type_decl")
+        increment = Forward()("increment")
+        factor = Forward()("factor")
+        underlying_type = Forward()("underlying_type")
+        declaration = Forward()("declaration")
+        function_decl = Forward()("function_decl")
+        entity_constructor = Forward()("entity_constructor")
         derive_clause = Forward()("derive_clause")
-        supertype_factor << (((supertype_term + ZeroOrMore((AND + supertype_term))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_factor"))
-        interval_item << (simple_expression)
-        subtype_constraint << (((OF + CaselessLiteral("(") + supertype_expression + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subtype_constraint"))
-        repeat_stmt << (((REPEAT + repeat_control + CaselessLiteral(";") + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_REPEAT + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="repeat_stmt"))
-        subsuper << (((Optional(supertype_constraint) + Optional(subtype_declaration)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subsuper"))
-        increment << (numeric_expression)
-        remark << (((embedded_remark | tail_remark))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="remark"))
-        increment_control << (((variable_id + CaselessLiteral(":=") + bound_1 + TO + bound_2 + Optional((BY + increment))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="increment_control"))
-        local_variable << (((variable_id + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + variable_id)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression)) + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="local_variable"))
-        until_control << (((UNTIL + logical_expression))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="until_control"))
-        while_control << (((WHILE + logical_expression))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="while_control"))
-        parameter << (expression)
-        width << (numeric_expression)
-        string_type << (((STRING + Optional(width_spec)))).setParseAction(StringType)
-        array_type << (((ARRAY + bound_spec + OF + Optional(OPTIONAL) + Optional(UNIQUE) + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="array_type"))
-        if_stmt << (((IF + logical_expression + THEN + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + Optional((ELSE + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt))) + END_IF + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="if_stmt"))
-        index << (numeric_expression)
-        repetition << (numeric_expression)
-        index_qualifier << (((CaselessLiteral("[") + index_1 + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":") + index_2)) + CaselessLiteral("]")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="index_qualifier"))
-        bound_1 << (numeric_expression)
-        procedure_decl << (((procedure_head + algorithm_head + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_PROCEDURE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="procedure_decl"))
-        entity_constructor << (((entity_ref + CaselessLiteral("(") + Optional((expression + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + expression)))) + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="entity_constructor"))
-        inverse_clause << (((INVERSE + inverse_attr + ZeroOrMore(inverse_attr)))).setParseAction(AttributeList)
-        function_head << (((FUNCTION + function_id + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + formal_parameter + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(";") + formal_parameter)) + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="function_head"))
-        formal_parameter << (((parameter_id + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + parameter_id)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="formal_parameter"))
-        interval_high << (simple_expression)
-        entity_decl << (((entity_head + entity_body + END_ENTITY + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(EntityDeclaration)
-        abstract_supertype_declaration << (((ABSTRACT + SUPERTYPE + Optional(subtype_constraint)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="abstract_supertype_declaration"))
-        index_1 << (index)
-        general_aggregation_types << (((general_array_type | general_bag_type | general_list_type | general_set_type))).setParseAction(AggregationType)
-        real_type << (((REAL + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + precision_spec + CaselessLiteral(")")))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="real_type"))
-        type_decl << (((TYPE + type_id + CaselessLiteral("=") + underlying_type + CaselessLiteral(";") + Optional(where_clause) + END_TYPE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(TypeDeclaration)
-        stmt << (((alias_stmt | assignment_stmt | case_stmt | compound_stmt | escape_stmt | if_stmt | null_stmt | procedure_call_stmt | repeat_stmt | return_stmt | skip_stmt))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="stmt"))
-        declaration << (((entity_decl | function_decl | procedure_decl | subtype_constraint_decl | type_decl))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="declaration"))
-        explicit_attr << (((attribute_decl + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + attribute_decl)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + Optional(OPTIONAL) + parameter_type + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(ExplicitAttribute)
-        compound_stmt << (((BEGIN + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="compound_stmt"))
-        aggregation_types << (((array_type | bag_type | list_type | set_type))).setParseAction(AggregationType)
-        simple_factor << (((aggregate_initializer | interval | query_expression | (Optional(unary_op) + ((CaselessLiteral("(") + expression + CaselessLiteral(")")) | primary)) | entity_constructor | enumeration_reference))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="simple_factor"))
-        where_clause << (((WHERE + domain_rule + CaselessLiteral(";") + ZeroOrMore((domain_rule + CaselessLiteral(";")))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="where_clause"))
-        entity_head << (((ENTITY + entity_id + subsuper + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="entity_head"))
-        underlying_type << (((constructed_types | concrete_types))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="underlying_type"))
-        subtype_constraint_decl << (((subtype_constraint_head + subtype_constraint_body + END_SUBTYPE_CONSTRAINT + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subtype_constraint_decl"))
-        logical_expression << (expression)
-        case_label << (expression)
-        expression << (((simple_expression + Optional((rel_op_extended + simple_expression))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="expression"))
-        general_list_type << (((LIST + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + Optional(UNIQUE) + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_list_type"))
-        actual_parameter_list << (((CaselessLiteral("(") + Optional(parameter) + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + parameter)) + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="actual_parameter_list"))
-        width_spec << (((CaselessLiteral("(") + width + CaselessLiteral(")") + Optional(FIXED)))).setParseAction(WidthSpec)
-        selector << (expression)
-        syntax << (((schema_decl + ZeroOrMore(schema_decl)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="syntax"))
-        aggregate_source << (simple_expression)
-        return_stmt << (((RETURN + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + expression + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="return_stmt"))
-        embedded_remark << (((CaselessLiteral("(*") + Optional(remark_tag) + ZeroOrMore(((not_paren_star + ZeroOrMore(not_paren_star)) | lparen_then_not_lparen_star | (CaselessLiteral("*") + ZeroOrMore(CaselessLiteral("*"))) | not_rparen_star_then_rparen | embedded_remark)) + CaselessLiteral("*)")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="embedded_remark"))
-        parameter_type << (((generalized_types | simple_types | named_types))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="parameter_type"))
-        term << (((factor + ZeroOrMore((multiplication_like_op + factor))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="term"))
-        derived_attr << (((attribute_decl + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type + CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="derived_attr"))
-        repeat_control << (((Optional(increment_control) + Optional(while_control) + Optional(until_control)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="repeat_control"))
-        assignment_stmt << (((general_ref + ZeroOrMore(qualifier) + CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="assignment_stmt"))
-        bag_type << (((BAG + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="bag_type"))
-        inverse_attr << (((attribute_decl + CaselessLiteral(":") + Optional(((SET | BAG) + Optional(bound_spec) + OF)) + entity_ref + FOR + Optional((entity_ref + CaselessLiteral("."))) + attribute_ref + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(InverseAttribute)
-        constant_body << (((constant_id + CaselessLiteral(":") + instantiable_type + CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="constant_body"))
-        precision_spec << (numeric_expression)
-        general_bag_type << (((BAG + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_bag_type"))
-        qualifiable_factor << (((function_call | attribute_ref | constant_factor | general_ref | population))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="qualifiable_factor"))
-        bound_2 << (numeric_expression)
-        instantiable_type << (((concrete_types | entity_ref))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="instantiable_type"))
-        general_set_type << (((SET + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_set_type"))
-        supertype_rule << (((SUPERTYPE + subtype_constraint))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_rule"))
-        factor << (((simple_factor + Optional((CaselessLiteral("**") + simple_factor))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="factor"))
-        list_type << (((LIST + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + Optional(UNIQUE) + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="list_type"))
-        one_of << (((ONEOF + CaselessLiteral("(") + supertype_expression + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + supertype_expression)) + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="one_of"))
-        aggregate_type << (((AGGREGATE + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":") + type_label)) + OF + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="aggregate_type"))
-        entity_body << (((ZeroOrMore(explicit_attr) + Optional(derive_clause) + Optional(inverse_clause) + Optional(unique_clause) + Optional(where_clause)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="entity_body"))
-        generalized_types << (((aggregate_type | general_aggregation_types | generic_entity_type | generic_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="generalized_types"))
-        case_stmt << (((CASE + selector + OF + ZeroOrMore(case_action) + Optional((OTHERWISE + CaselessLiteral(":") + stmt)) + END_CASE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="case_stmt"))
-        binary_type << (((BINARY + Optional(width_spec)))).setParseAction(BinaryType)
-        local_decl << (((LOCAL + local_variable + ZeroOrMore(local_variable) + END_LOCAL + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="local_decl"))
-        alias_stmt << (((ALIAS + variable_id + FOR + general_ref + ZeroOrMore(qualifier) + CaselessLiteral(";") + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_ALIAS + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="alias_stmt"))
-        simple_expression << (((term + ZeroOrMore((add_like_op + term))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="simple_expression"))
-        general_array_type << (((ARRAY + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + Optional(OPTIONAL) + Optional(UNIQUE) + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_array_type"))
-        interval << (((CaselessLiteral("{") + interval_low + interval_op + interval_item + interval_op + interval_high + CaselessLiteral("}")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="interval"))
-        procedure_head << (((PROCEDURE + procedure_id + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + Optional(VAR) + formal_parameter + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(";") + Optional(VAR) + formal_parameter)) + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="procedure_head"))
-        function_decl << (((function_head + algorithm_head + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_FUNCTION + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(FunctionDeclaration)
-        supertype_expression << (((supertype_factor + ZeroOrMore((ANDOR + supertype_factor))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_expression"))
-        set_type << (((SET + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="set_type"))
-        primary << (((literal | (qualifiable_factor + ZeroOrMore(qualifier))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="primary"))
-        procedure_call_stmt << ((((built_in_procedure | procedure_ref) + actual_parameter_list + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="procedure_call_stmt"))
-        simple_types << (((binary_type | boolean_type | integer_type | logical_type | number_type | real_type | string_type))).setParseAction(SimpleType)
-        query_expression << (((QUERY + CaselessLiteral("(") + variable_id + CaselessLiteral("<*") + aggregate_source + CaselessLiteral("|") + logical_expression + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="query_expression"))
-        index_2 << (index)
-        constant_decl << (((CONSTANT + constant_body + ZeroOrMore(constant_body) + END_CONSTANT + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="constant_decl"))
-        case_action << (((case_label + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + case_label)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + stmt))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="case_action"))
-        schema_body << (((ZeroOrMore(interface_specification) + Optional(constant_decl) + ZeroOrMore((declaration | rule_decl))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="schema_body"))
-        element << (((expression + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":") + repetition))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="element"))
-        numeric_expression << (simple_expression)
-        aggregate_initializer << (((CaselessLiteral("[") + Optional((element + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + element)))) + CaselessLiteral("]")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="aggregate_initializer"))
-        schema_decl << (((SCHEMA + schema_id + Optional(schema_version_id) + CaselessLiteral(";") + schema_body + END_SCHEMA + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="schema_decl"))
-        supertype_term << (((one_of | (CaselessLiteral("(") + supertype_expression + CaselessLiteral(")")) | entity_ref))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_term"))
-        algorithm_head << (((ZeroOrMore(declaration) + Optional(constant_decl) + Optional(local_decl)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="algorithm_head"))
-        supertype_constraint << (((abstract_supertype_declaration | abstract_entity_declaration | supertype_rule))).setParseAction(SuperTypeExpression)
-        interval_low << (simple_expression)
-        domain_rule << (((Optional((rule_label_id + CaselessLiteral(":"))) + expression))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="domain_rule"))
+        interval_item = Forward()("interval_item")
+        stmt = Forward()("stmt")
+        repeat_control = Forward()("repeat_control")
+        abstract_supertype_declaration = Forward()("abstract_supertype_declaration")
+        bound_spec = Forward()("bound_spec")
+        entity_decl = Forward()("entity_decl")
+        bound_1 = Forward()("bound_1")
+        inverse_clause = Forward()("inverse_clause")
+        logical_expression = Forward()("logical_expression")
+        numeric_expression = Forward()("numeric_expression")
+        string_type = Forward()("string_type")
+        formal_parameter = Forward()("formal_parameter")
+        generalized_types = Forward()("generalized_types")
+        function_head = Forward()("function_head")
+        constant_decl = Forward()("constant_decl")
+        actual_parameter_list = Forward()("actual_parameter_list")
+        subtype_constraint_body = Forward()("subtype_constraint_body")
+        procedure_decl = Forward()("procedure_decl")
+        case_action = Forward()("case_action")
+        term = Forward()("term")
+        general_aggregation_types = Forward()("general_aggregation_types")
+        function_call = Forward()("function_call")
+        where_clause = Forward()("where_clause")
+        local_variable = Forward()("local_variable")
+        aggregate_initializer = Forward()("aggregate_initializer")
+        binary_type = Forward()("binary_type")
+        index = Forward()("index")
+        case_stmt = Forward()("case_stmt")
+        general_set_type = Forward()("general_set_type")
+        procedure_call_stmt = Forward()("procedure_call_stmt")
+        instantiable_type = Forward()("instantiable_type")
+        general_array_type = Forward()("general_array_type")
+        set_type = Forward()("set_type")
+        supertype_factor = Forward()("supertype_factor")
+        index_2 = Forward()("index_2")
+        qualifiable_factor = Forward()("qualifiable_factor")
+        algorithm_head = Forward()("algorithm_head")
+        parameter_type = Forward()("parameter_type")
+        one_of = Forward()("one_of")
+        compound_stmt = Forward()("compound_stmt")
+        primary = Forward()("primary")
+        schema_decl = Forward()("schema_decl")
+        embedded_remark = Forward()("embedded_remark")
+        width_spec = Forward()("width_spec")
+        assignment_stmt = Forward()("assignment_stmt")
+        element = Forward()("element")
+        schema_body = Forward()("schema_body")
+        procedure_head = Forward()("procedure_head")
+        general_bag_type = Forward()("general_bag_type")
+        entity_head = Forward()("entity_head")
+        entity_body = Forward()("entity_body")
+        list_type = Forward()("list_type")
+        expression = Forward()("expression")
+        parameter = Forward()("parameter")
+        simple_types = Forward()("simple_types")
+        bag_type = Forward()("bag_type")
+        repetition = Forward()("repetition")
+        constant_body = Forward()("constant_body")
+        if_stmt = Forward()("if_stmt")
+        inverse_attr = Forward()("inverse_attr")
+        interval = Forward()("interval")
+        query_expression = Forward()("query_expression")
+        array_type = Forward()("array_type")
+        simple_factor = Forward()("simple_factor")
+        case_label = Forward()("case_label")
+        domain_rule = Forward()("domain_rule")
+        repeat_stmt = Forward()("repeat_stmt")
+        supertype_expression = Forward()("supertype_expression")
+        supertype_constraint = Forward()("supertype_constraint")
+        interval_high = Forward()("interval_high")
+        local_decl = Forward()("local_decl")
+        selector = Forward()("selector")
+        aggregate_source = Forward()("aggregate_source")
+        qualifier = Forward()("qualifier")
         rule_decl << (((rule_head + algorithm_head + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + where_clause + END_RULE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(RuleDeclaration)
+        supertype_term << (((one_of | (CaselessLiteral("(") + supertype_expression + CaselessLiteral(")")) | entity_ref))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_term"))
+        alias_stmt << (((ALIAS + variable_id + FOR + general_ref + ZeroOrMore(qualifier) + CaselessLiteral(";") + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_ALIAS + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="alias_stmt"))
+        subtype_constraint_decl << (((subtype_constraint_head + subtype_constraint_body + END_SUBTYPE_CONSTRAINT + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subtype_constraint_decl"))
+        real_type << (((REAL + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + precision_spec + CaselessLiteral(")")))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="real_type"))
+        until_control << (((UNTIL + logical_expression))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="until_control"))
+        remark << (((embedded_remark | tail_remark))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="remark"))
+        syntax << (((schema_decl + ZeroOrMore(schema_decl)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="syntax"))
+        derived_attr << (((attribute_decl + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type + CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="derived_attr"))
+        subtype_constraint << (((OF + CaselessLiteral("(") + supertype_expression + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subtype_constraint"))
+        aggregation_types << (((array_type | bag_type | list_type | set_type))).setParseAction(AggregationType)
+        width << (numeric_expression)
+        simple_expression << (((term + ZeroOrMore((add_like_op + term))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="simple_expression"))
+        explicit_attr << (((attribute_decl + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + attribute_decl)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + Optional(OPTIONAL) + parameter_type + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(ExplicitAttribute)
+        precision_spec << (numeric_expression)
+        general_list_type << (((LIST + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + Optional(UNIQUE) + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_list_type"))
         concrete_types << (((aggregation_types | simple_types | type_ref))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="concrete_types"))
-        qualifier << (((attribute_qualifier | group_qualifier | index_qualifier))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="qualifier"))
-        subtype_constraint_body << (((Optional(abstract_supertype) + Optional(total_over) + Optional((supertype_expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subtype_constraint_body"))
-        function_call << ((((built_in_function | function_ref) + actual_parameter_list))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="function_call"))
-        bound_spec << (((CaselessLiteral("[") + bound_1 + CaselessLiteral(":") + bound_2 + CaselessLiteral("]")))).setParseAction(BoundSpecification)
+        while_control << (((WHILE + logical_expression))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="while_control"))
+        aggregate_type << (((AGGREGATE + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":") + type_label)) + OF + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="aggregate_type"))
+        increment_control << (((variable_id + CaselessLiteral(":=") + bound_1 + TO + bound_2 + Optional((BY + increment))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="increment_control"))
+        index_qualifier << (((CaselessLiteral("[") + index_1 + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":") + index_2)) + CaselessLiteral("]")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="index_qualifier"))
+        supertype_rule << (((SUPERTYPE + subtype_constraint))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_rule"))
+        subsuper << (((Optional(supertype_constraint) + Optional(subtype_declaration)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subsuper"))
+        interval_low << (simple_expression)
+        bound_2 << (numeric_expression)
+        index_1 << (index)
+        return_stmt << (((RETURN + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + expression + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="return_stmt"))
+        type_decl << (((TYPE + type_id + CaselessLiteral("=") + underlying_type + CaselessLiteral(";") + Optional(where_clause) + END_TYPE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(TypeDeclaration)
+        increment << (numeric_expression)
+        factor << (((simple_factor + Optional((CaselessLiteral("**") + simple_factor))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="factor"))
+        underlying_type << (((constructed_types | concrete_types))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="underlying_type"))
+        declaration << (((entity_decl | function_decl | procedure_decl | subtype_constraint_decl | type_decl))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="declaration"))
+        function_decl << (((function_head + algorithm_head + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_FUNCTION + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(FunctionDeclaration)
+        entity_constructor << (((entity_ref + CaselessLiteral("(") + Optional((expression + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + expression)))) + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="entity_constructor"))
         derive_clause << (((DERIVE + derived_attr + ZeroOrMore(derived_attr)))).setParseAction(AttributeList)
+        interval_item << (simple_expression)
+        stmt << (((alias_stmt | assignment_stmt | case_stmt | compound_stmt | escape_stmt | if_stmt | null_stmt | procedure_call_stmt | repeat_stmt | return_stmt | skip_stmt))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="stmt"))
+        repeat_control << (((Optional(increment_control) + Optional(while_control) + Optional(until_control)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="repeat_control"))
+        abstract_supertype_declaration << (((ABSTRACT + SUPERTYPE + Optional(subtype_constraint)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="abstract_supertype_declaration"))
+        bound_spec << (((CaselessLiteral("[") + bound_1 + CaselessLiteral(":") + bound_2 + CaselessLiteral("]")))).setParseAction(BoundSpecification)
+        entity_decl << (((entity_head + entity_body + END_ENTITY + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(EntityDeclaration)
+        bound_1 << (numeric_expression)
+        inverse_clause << (((INVERSE + inverse_attr + ZeroOrMore(inverse_attr)))).setParseAction(AttributeList)
+        logical_expression << (expression)
+        numeric_expression << (simple_expression)
+        string_type << (((STRING + Optional(width_spec)))).setParseAction(StringType)
+        formal_parameter << (((parameter_id + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + parameter_id)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="formal_parameter"))
+        generalized_types << (((aggregate_type | general_aggregation_types | generic_entity_type | generic_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="generalized_types"))
+        function_head << (((FUNCTION + function_id + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + formal_parameter + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(";") + formal_parameter)) + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="function_head"))
+        constant_decl << (((CONSTANT + constant_body + ZeroOrMore(constant_body) + END_CONSTANT + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="constant_decl"))
+        actual_parameter_list << (((CaselessLiteral("(") + Optional(parameter) + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + parameter)) + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="actual_parameter_list"))
+        subtype_constraint_body << (((Optional(abstract_supertype) + Optional(total_over) + Optional((supertype_expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="subtype_constraint_body"))
+        procedure_decl << (((procedure_head + algorithm_head + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_PROCEDURE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="procedure_decl"))
+        case_action << (((case_label + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + case_label)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + stmt))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="case_action"))
+        term << (((factor + ZeroOrMore((multiplication_like_op + factor))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="term"))
+        general_aggregation_types << (((general_array_type | general_bag_type | general_list_type | general_set_type))).setParseAction(AggregationType)
+        function_call << ((((built_in_function | function_ref) + actual_parameter_list))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="function_call"))
+        where_clause << (((WHERE + domain_rule + CaselessLiteral(";") + ZeroOrMore((domain_rule + CaselessLiteral(";")))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="where_clause"))
+        local_variable << (((variable_id + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + variable_id)) + CaselessLiteral(":") + parameter_type + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression)) + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="local_variable"))
+        aggregate_initializer << (((CaselessLiteral("[") + Optional((element + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + element)))) + CaselessLiteral("]")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="aggregate_initializer"))
+        binary_type << (((BINARY + Optional(width_spec)))).setParseAction(BinaryType)
+        index << (numeric_expression)
+        case_stmt << (((CASE + selector + OF + ZeroOrMore(case_action) + Optional((OTHERWISE + CaselessLiteral(":") + stmt)) + END_CASE + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="case_stmt"))
+        general_set_type << (((SET + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_set_type"))
+        procedure_call_stmt << ((((built_in_procedure | procedure_ref) + actual_parameter_list + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="procedure_call_stmt"))
+        instantiable_type << (((concrete_types | entity_ref))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="instantiable_type"))
+        general_array_type << (((ARRAY + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + Optional(OPTIONAL) + Optional(UNIQUE) + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_array_type"))
+        set_type << (((SET + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="set_type"))
+        supertype_factor << (((supertype_term + ZeroOrMore((AND + supertype_term))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_factor"))
+        index_2 << (index)
+        qualifiable_factor << (((function_call | attribute_ref | constant_factor | general_ref | population))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="qualifiable_factor"))
+        algorithm_head << (((ZeroOrMore(declaration) + Optional(constant_decl) + Optional(local_decl)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="algorithm_head"))
+        parameter_type << (((generalized_types | simple_types | named_types))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="parameter_type"))
+        one_of << (((ONEOF + CaselessLiteral("(") + supertype_expression + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(",") + supertype_expression)) + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="one_of"))
+        compound_stmt << (((BEGIN + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="compound_stmt"))
+        primary << (((literal | (qualifiable_factor + ZeroOrMore(qualifier))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="primary"))
+        schema_decl << (((SCHEMA + schema_id + Optional(schema_version_id) + CaselessLiteral(";") + schema_body + END_SCHEMA + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="schema_decl"))
+        embedded_remark << (((CaselessLiteral("(*") + Optional(remark_tag) + ZeroOrMore(((not_paren_star + ZeroOrMore(not_paren_star)) | lparen_then_not_lparen_star | (CaselessLiteral("*") + ZeroOrMore(CaselessLiteral("*"))) | not_rparen_star_then_rparen | embedded_remark)) + CaselessLiteral("*)")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="embedded_remark"))
+        width_spec << (((CaselessLiteral("(") + width + CaselessLiteral(")") + Optional(FIXED)))).setParseAction(WidthSpec)
+        assignment_stmt << (((general_ref + ZeroOrMore(qualifier) + CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="assignment_stmt"))
+        element << (((expression + Optional((CaselessLiteral(":") + repetition))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="element"))
+        schema_body << (((ZeroOrMore(interface_specification) + Optional(constant_decl) + ZeroOrMore((declaration | rule_decl))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="schema_body"))
+        procedure_head << (((PROCEDURE + procedure_id + Optional((CaselessLiteral("(") + Optional(VAR) + formal_parameter + ZeroOrMore((CaselessLiteral(";") + Optional(VAR) + formal_parameter)) + CaselessLiteral(")"))) + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="procedure_head"))
+        general_bag_type << (((BAG + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + parameter_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="general_bag_type"))
+        entity_head << (((ENTITY + entity_id + subsuper + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="entity_head"))
+        entity_body << (((ZeroOrMore(explicit_attr) + Optional(derive_clause) + Optional(inverse_clause) + Optional(unique_clause) + Optional(where_clause)))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="entity_body"))
+        list_type << (((LIST + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + Optional(UNIQUE) + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="list_type"))
+        expression << (((simple_expression + Optional((rel_op_extended + simple_expression))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="expression"))
+        parameter << (expression)
+        simple_types << (((binary_type | boolean_type | integer_type | logical_type | number_type | real_type | string_type))).setParseAction(SimpleType)
+        bag_type << (((BAG + Optional(bound_spec) + OF + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="bag_type"))
+        repetition << (numeric_expression)
+        constant_body << (((constant_id + CaselessLiteral(":") + instantiable_type + CaselessLiteral(":=") + expression + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="constant_body"))
+        if_stmt << (((IF + logical_expression + THEN + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + Optional((ELSE + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt))) + END_IF + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="if_stmt"))
+        inverse_attr << (((attribute_decl + CaselessLiteral(":") + Optional(((SET | BAG) + Optional(bound_spec) + OF)) + entity_ref + FOR + Optional((entity_ref + CaselessLiteral("."))) + attribute_ref + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(InverseAttribute)
+        interval << (((CaselessLiteral("{") + interval_low + interval_op + interval_item + interval_op + interval_high + CaselessLiteral("}")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="interval"))
+        query_expression << (((QUERY + CaselessLiteral("(") + variable_id + CaselessLiteral("<*") + aggregate_source + CaselessLiteral("|") + logical_expression + CaselessLiteral(")")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="query_expression"))
+        array_type << (((ARRAY + bound_spec + OF + Optional(OPTIONAL) + Optional(UNIQUE) + instantiable_type))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="array_type"))
+        simple_factor << (((aggregate_initializer | interval | query_expression | (Optional(unary_op) + ((CaselessLiteral("(") + expression + CaselessLiteral(")")) | primary)) | entity_constructor | enumeration_reference))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="simple_factor"))
+        case_label << (expression)
+        domain_rule << (((Optional((rule_label_id + CaselessLiteral(":"))) + expression))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="domain_rule"))
+        repeat_stmt << (((REPEAT + repeat_control + CaselessLiteral(";") + stmt + ZeroOrMore(stmt) + END_REPEAT + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="repeat_stmt"))
+        supertype_expression << (((supertype_factor + ZeroOrMore((ANDOR + supertype_factor))))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="supertype_expression"))
+        supertype_constraint << (((abstract_supertype_declaration | abstract_entity_declaration | supertype_rule))).setParseAction(SuperTypeExpression)
+        interval_high << (simple_expression)
+        local_decl << (((LOCAL + local_variable + ZeroOrMore(local_variable) + END_LOCAL + CaselessLiteral(";")))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: ListNode(s, loc, t, rule="local_decl"))
+        selector << (expression)
+        aggregate_source << (simple_expression)
+        qualifier << (((attribute_qualifier | group_qualifier | index_qualifier))).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, t: Node(s, loc, t, rule="qualifier"))
 
         syntax.ignore("--" + restOfLine)
         syntax.ignore(Regex(r"\((?:\*(?:[^*]*\*+)+?\))"))

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rule_compiler.py

@@ -695,6 +695,14 @@ codegen_rule("MOD", lambda context: "%")
 codegen_rule("TRUE", lambda context: "True")
 codegen_rule("FALSE", lambda context: "False")
 
+def _dotted_name(node: ast.AST):
+    """Return dotted name for Name/Attribute chains, else None."""
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+        return node.id
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
+        base = _dotted_name(node.value)
+        return f"{base}.{node.attr}" if base else node.attr
+    return None
 
 class AttributeGetattrTransformer(ast.NodeTransformer):
     def visit_Attribute(self, node):
@@ -712,7 +720,7 @@ class AttributeGetattrTransformer(ast.NodeTransformer):
         if isinstance(node.ctx, ast.Store):
             return node
 
-        if node.attr == "create_entity":
+        if _dotted_name(node) in ('ifcopenshell.create_entity', 'str.lower'):
             return node
 
         if node.attr.startswith("__"):

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC2X3.py

@@ -4686,7 +4686,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_WR11:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc2x3.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc2x3.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc2x3.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc2x3.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyleFontPattern_WR01:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -4947,7 +4947,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_WR31:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_WR31:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -4956,7 +4956,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_WR31:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedTextFont_WR31:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -4965,7 +4965,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedTextFont_WR31:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['iso3098-1fonta', 'iso3098-1fontb']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['iso 3098-1 font a', 'iso 3098-1 font b']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFittingType_WR2:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -5795,7 +5795,7 @@ class IfcPreDefinedDimensionSymbol_WR31:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['arclength', 'conicaltaper', 'counterbore', 'countersink', 'depth', 'diameter', 'plusminus', 'radius', 'slope', 'sphericaldiameter', 'sphericalradius', 'square']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['arc length', 'conical taper', 'counterbore', 'countersink', 'depth', 'diameter', 'plus minus', 'radius', 'slope', 'spherical diameter', 'spherical radius', 'square']) is not False
 
 class IfcPreDefinedPointMarkerSymbol_WR31:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -5813,7 +5813,7 @@ class IfcPreDefinedTerminatorSymbol_WR31:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['blankedarrow', 'blankedbox', 'blankeddot', 'dimensionorigin', 'filledarrow', 'filledbox', 'filleddot', 'integralsymbol', 'openarrow', 'slash', 'unfilledarrow']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['blanked arrow', 'blanked box', 'blanked dot', 'dimension origin', 'filled arrow', 'filled box', 'filled dot', 'integral symbol', 'open arrow', 'slash', 'unfilled arrow']) is not False
 
 class IfcProcedure_WR1:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6799,7 +6799,7 @@ class IfcStructuredDimensionCallout_WR31:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         contents = express_getattr(self, 'Contents', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (sizeof([ato for ato in [con for con in express_getattr(self, 'contents', INDETERMINATE) if 'ifc2x3.ifcannotationtextoccurrence' in typeof(con)] if not express_getattr(express_getattr(ato, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['dimensionvalue', 'tolerancevalue', 'unittext', 'prefixtext', 'suffixtext']]) == 0) is not False
+        assert (sizeof([ato for ato in [con for con in express_getattr(self, 'contents', INDETERMINATE) if 'ifc2x3.ifcannotationtextoccurrence' in typeof(con)] if not express_getattr(express_getattr(ato, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['dimension value', 'tolerance value', 'unit text', 'prefix text', 'suffix text']]) == 0) is not False
 
 class IfcStyledItem_WR11:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4.py

@@ -6331,7 +6331,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6593,7 +6593,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6602,7 +6602,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X1.py

@@ -6422,7 +6422,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6684,7 +6684,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6693,7 +6693,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X2.py

@@ -6633,7 +6633,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x2.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x2.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x2.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x2.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6905,7 +6905,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -6914,7 +6914,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3.py

@@ -7403,7 +7403,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyleFontPattern_VisibleLengthGreaterEqualZero:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7725,7 +7725,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7734,7 +7734,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_ADD1.py

@@ -7352,7 +7352,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_add1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_add1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_add1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_add1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyleFontPattern_VisibleLengthGreaterEqualZero:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7674,7 +7674,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7683,7 +7683,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_ADD2.py

@@ -7356,7 +7356,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_add2.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_add2.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_add2.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_add2.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyleFontPattern_VisibleLengthGreaterEqualZero:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7678,7 +7678,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7687,7 +7687,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_RC1.py

@@ -7263,7 +7263,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7577,7 +7577,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7586,7 +7586,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_RC2.py

@@ -7351,7 +7351,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc2.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc2.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc2.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc2.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7665,7 +7665,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7674,7 +7674,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_RC3.py

@@ -7354,7 +7354,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc3.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc3.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc3.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc3.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7698,7 +7698,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7707,7 +7707,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_RC4.py

@@ -7370,7 +7370,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc4.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc4.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_rc4.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_rc4.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyle_IdentifiableCurveStyle:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7714,7 +7714,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7723,7 +7723,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/rules/IFC4X3_TC1.py

@@ -7329,7 +7329,7 @@ class IfcCurveStyle_MeasureOfWidth:
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
         curvewidth = express_getattr(self, 'CurveWidth', INDETERMINATE)
-        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_tc1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_tc1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'bylayer')) is not False
+        assert (not exists(curvewidth) or 'ifc4x3_tc1.ifcpositivelengthmeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) or ('ifc4x3_tc1.ifcdescriptivemeasure' in typeof(curvewidth) and curvewidth == 'by layer')) is not False
 
 class IfcCurveStyleFontPattern_VisibleLengthGreaterEqualZero:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7651,7 +7651,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedColour_PreDefinedColourNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['black', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
     SCOPE = 'entity'
@@ -7660,7 +7660,7 @@ class IfcDraughtingPreDefinedCurveFont_PreDefinedCurveFontNames:
 
     @staticmethod
     def __call__(self):
-        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chaindoubledash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'bylayer']) is not False
+        assert (express_getattr(express_getattr(self, 'Name', INDETERMINATE), 'lower', INDETERMINATE)() in ['continuous', 'chain', 'chain double dash', 'dashed', 'dotted', 'by layer']) is not False
 
 class IfcDuctFitting_CorrectPredefinedType:
     SCOPE = 'entity'

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/geom/app.py

@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ class configuration:
             config.set(
                 "snippets",
                 "print all wall ids",
-                self.config_encode("""
+                self.config_encode(
+                    """
 ###########################################################################
 # A simple script that iterates over all walls in the current model       #
 # and prints their Globally unique IDs (GUIDS) to the console window      #
@@ -153,13 +154,15 @@ class configuration:
 
 for wall in model.by_type("IfcWall"):
     print ("wall with global id: "+str(wall.GlobalId))
-""".lstrip()),
+""".lstrip()
+                ),
             )
 
             config.set(
                 "snippets",
                 "print properties of current selection",
-                self.config_encode("""
+                self.config_encode(
+                    """
 ###########################################################################
 # A simple script that iterates over all IfcPropertySets of the currently #
 # selected object and prints them to the console                          #
@@ -177,7 +180,8 @@ if selection:
              for prop in relDefinesByProperties.RelatingPropertyDefinition.HasProperties:
                  print ("{:<20} :{}".format(prop.Name,prop.NominalValue.wrappedValue))
          print ("\\n")
-""".lstrip()),
+""".lstrip()
+                ),
             )
             with open(conf_file, "w") as configfile:
                 config.write(configfile)

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/geom/main.py

@@ -300,13 +300,16 @@ class iterator(ifcopenshell_wrapper.Iterator):
         include: Optional[Union[list[entity_instance], list[str]]] = None,
         exclude: Optional[Union[list[entity_instance], list[str]]] = None,
         geometry_library: GEOMETRY_LIBRARY = "opencascade",
+        logger=None,
     ):
         self.settings = settings
+        if logger is None and (logger_type := getattr(ifcopenshell_wrapper, "logger", None)):
+            logger = logger_type.Root()
         if isinstance(file_or_filename, file):
             self.file = file
             file_or_filename = file_or_filename
         else:
-            file_or_filename = self.file = open(file_or_filename)
+            file_or_filename = self.file = open(file_or_filename, logger=logger)
 
         if include is not None and exclude is not None:
             raise ValueError("include and exclude cannot be specified simultaneously")
@@ -334,13 +337,18 @@ class iterator(ifcopenshell_wrapper.Iterator):
             else:
                 initializer = ifcopenshell_wrapper.construct_iterator_with_include_exclude
 
-            self.this = initializer(
-                geometry_library, self.settings, file_or_filename, include_or_exclude, include is not None, num_threads
+            args = (
+                geometry_library,
+                self.settings,
+                file_or_filename,
+                include_or_exclude,
+                include is not None,
+                num_threads,
             )
+            self.this = initializer(*args, *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()))
         else:
-            self.this = ifcopenshell_wrapper.construct_iterator(
-                geometry_library, self.settings, file_or_filename, num_threads
-            )
+            args = (geometry_library, self.settings, file_or_filename, num_threads)
+            self.this = ifcopenshell_wrapper.construct_iterator(*args, *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()))
 
     if has_occ:
 
@@ -454,6 +462,7 @@ def create_shape(
     inst: entity_instance,
     repr: Optional[entity_instance] = None,
     geometry_library: GEOMETRY_LIBRARY = "opencascade",
+    logger: Optional[ifcopenshell.logger] = None,
 ) -> Union[ShapeType, ShapeElementType, ifcopenshell_wrapper.Transformation, utils.shape_tuple, TopoDS.TopoDS_Shape]:
     """
     Returns a geometric interpretation of the IFC entity instance
@@ -500,9 +509,9 @@ def create_shape(
     return wrap_shape_creation(
         settings,
         (
-            ifcopenshell_wrapper.create_shape(settings, inst, repr, geometry_library)
+            ifcopenshell_wrapper.create_shape(settings, inst, repr, geometry_library, *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()),)
             if repr
-            else ifcopenshell_wrapper.create_shape(settings, inst, geometry_library)
+            else ifcopenshell_wrapper.create_shape(settings, inst, geometry_library, *((logger,) if logger is not None else ()),)
         ),
     )
 
@@ -556,6 +565,7 @@ def iterate(
     *,
     with_progress: Literal[False] = False,
     geometry_library: GEOMETRY_LIBRARY = "opencascade",
+    logger=None,
 ) -> Generator[IteratorOutput, None, None]: ...
 @overload
 def iterate(
@@ -567,6 +577,7 @@ def iterate(
     *,
     with_progress: Literal[True] = True,
     geometry_library: GEOMETRY_LIBRARY = "opencascade",
+    logger=None,
 ) -> Generator[tuple[int, IteratorOutput], None, None]: ...
 @overload
 def iterate(
@@ -578,6 +589,7 @@ def iterate(
     *,
     with_progress: bool = False,
     geometry_library: GEOMETRY_LIBRARY = "opencascade",
+    logger=None,
 ) -> Generator[Union[IteratorOutput, tuple[int, IteratorOutput]], None, None]: ...
 def iterate(
     settings: settings,
@@ -588,6 +600,7 @@ def iterate(
     *,
     with_progress: bool = False,
     geometry_library: GEOMETRY_LIBRARY = "opencascade",
+    logger=None,
 ) -> Generator[Union[IteratorOutput, tuple[int, IteratorOutput]], None, None]:
     """Get a geometry iterator for the provided file."""
     it = iterator(settings, file_or_filename, num_threads, include, exclude, geometry_library)

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/util/cost.py

@@ -355,7 +355,8 @@ def get_cost_rate(
 
 class CostValueUnserialiser:
     def parse(self, formula: str):
-        l = lark.Lark("""start: formula
+        l = lark.Lark(
+            """start: formula
                     formula: operand (operator operand)*
                     operand: value | category "(" formula ")"
                     value: NUMBER?
@@ -392,7 +393,8 @@ class CostValueUnserialiser:
                     NEWLINE: (CR? LF)+
 
                     %ignore WS // Disregard spaces in text
-                 """)
+                 """
+        )
         start = l.parse(formula)
         return self.get_formula(start.children[0])
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/util/schema.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import functools
 import json
 import os
 import time
@@ -148,6 +149,57 @@ def get_subtypes(
     return get_classes(declaration)
 
 
+def _enum_value_outside_target(attribute: ifcopenshell_wrapper.attribute, value: Any) -> bool:
+    """``True`` when ``attribute`` is an enumeration and the string ``value``
+    is not in its declared items. Used by the Migrator to silently skip enum
+    values that exist in the source schema but not the target — without
+    parsing C++ wrapper error strings."""
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        return False
+    try:
+        enum_items = ifcopenshell.util.attribute.get_enum_items(attribute)
+    except (AssertionError, AttributeError):
+        return False
+    return value not in enum_items
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def geometry_classes_introduced_after(target_schema: IFC_SCHEMA, source_schema: IFC_SCHEMA = "IFC4") -> frozenset[str]:
+    """``IfcRepresentationItem`` subclasses present in ``source_schema`` but
+    missing in ``target_schema``.
+
+    Derived from the loaded schema declarations once per (source, target) pair
+    and cached. The result is the canonical set of geometry classes a
+    downgrade from ``source_schema`` to ``target_schema`` must convert
+    (``IfcPolygonalFaceSet``, ``IfcTriangulatedFaceSet``, ``IfcAdvancedBrep``,
+    B-splines, advanced surfaces, alignment curves on IFC4X3 → 2X3, …) or
+    purge. Defaults match the IFC4 → IFC2X3 case for backwards compatibility
+    with the original caller."""
+    source = ifcopenshell_wrapper.schema_by_name(source_schema)
+    target = ifcopenshell_wrapper.schema_by_name(target_schema)
+    target_names = {decl.name() for decl in target.entities()}
+    result: set[str] = set()
+    for decl in source.entities():
+        if decl.name() in target_names:
+            continue
+        cursor: Any = decl
+        while cursor is not None:
+            if cursor.name() == "IfcRepresentationItem":
+                result.add(decl.name())
+                break
+            cursor = cursor.supertype()
+    return frozenset(result)
+
+
+def ifc4_only_geometry_classes() -> frozenset[str]:
+    """Backwards-compatible alias for the IFC4 → IFC2X3 geometry-gap set.
+
+    New code should call :func:`geometry_classes_introduced_after` with the
+    explicit (target, source) pair so IFC4X3 → IFC2X3 downgrades pick up the
+    additional IFC4X3-only geometry classes."""
+    return geometry_classes_introduced_after("IFC2X3", "IFC4")
+
+
 def reassign_class(
     ifc_file: Union[ifcopenshell.file, None], element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, new_class: str
 ) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
@@ -263,7 +315,20 @@ class Migrator:
     migrated_ids: dict[int, int]
     attribute_overrides: dict[int, dict[int, str]]
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, *, fallback_element_to_proxy: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Construct a schema migrator.
+
+        :param fallback_element_to_proxy: When ``True`` and the target schema is
+            IFC2X3, IFC4 entity classes that have no direct IFC2X3 equivalent
+            but inherit from ``IfcElement`` / ``IfcElementType`` are migrated as
+            ``IfcBuildingElementProxy`` / ``IfcBuildingElementProxyType``
+            respectively, instead of raising. Caller code is then responsible
+            for preserving the lost original class information out-of-band (the
+            ``Migrate`` ifcpatch recipe encodes it into ``ObjectType``).
+            Defaults to ``False`` so non-recipe callers keep the strict
+            failure-on-unmappable contract.
+        """
+        self.fallback_element_to_proxy = fallback_element_to_proxy
         self.migrated_ids = {}
         self.attribute_overrides = {}
         self.class_4_to_2x3 = json.load(open(os.path.join(cwd, "class_4_to_2x3.json"), "r"))
@@ -379,6 +444,17 @@ class Migrator:
         self.migrated_ids[element.id()] = new_element.id()
         return new_element
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_subclass_of(ifc_class: str, ancestor: str, source_file: ifcopenshell.file) -> bool:
+        schema = ifcopenshell_wrapper.schema_by_name(source_file.schema_identifier)
+        try:
+            return is_a(schema.declaration_by_name(ifc_class), ancestor)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            # Class doesn't exist in the source schema — happens for cross-schema
+            # introspection of an entity created with a name the wrapper doesn't
+            # recognise. Treat as "not a subclass".
+            return False
+
     def migrate_class(
         self, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, new_file: ifcopenshell.file
     ) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
@@ -389,15 +465,44 @@ class Migrator:
             if isinstance(value, float):
                 ifc_class = "IfcQuantityNumber"
         try:
-            new_element = new_file.create_entity(ifc_class)
+            return new_file.create_entity(ifc_class)
         except:
-            # The element does not exist in this schema
-            # Complex migration is not yet supported (e.g. polygonal face set to faceted brep)
-            if new_file.schema == "IFC2X3":
-                new_element = new_file.create_entity(self.class_4_to_2x3[ifc_class])
-            elif new_file.schema == "IFC4":
-                new_element = new_file.create_entity(self.class_2x3_to_4[ifc_class])
-        return new_element
+            pass
+
+        # The class does not exist in the target schema — look up an equivalent.
+        # The lookup tables use empty-string as a sentinel meaning "no direct
+        # equivalent, needs geometric translation" (e.g. polygonal face set →
+        # faceted brep). Callers that want a clean downgrade are expected to
+        # preprocess such carriers before calling the Migrator; see the
+        # `Migrate` ifcpatch recipe.
+        if new_file.schema == "IFC2X3":
+            equivalent = self.class_4_to_2x3.get(ifc_class, None)
+        elif new_file.schema == "IFC4":
+            equivalent = self.class_2x3_to_4.get(ifc_class, None)
+        else:
+            equivalent = None
+
+        # IfcBuildingElementProxy fallback is opt-in (see constructor) — only
+        # the IfcElement / IfcElementType subtrees have a meaningful generic
+        # IFC2X3 stand-in; non-element IFC4-only classes (rels, geometry items,
+        # materials, times) still raise below.
+        if not equivalent and new_file.schema == "IFC2X3" and self.fallback_element_to_proxy:
+            if self._is_subclass_of(ifc_class, "IfcElement", element.wrapped_data.file):
+                equivalent = "IfcBuildingElementProxy"
+            elif self._is_subclass_of(ifc_class, "IfcElementType", element.wrapped_data.file):
+                equivalent = "IfcBuildingElementProxyType"
+
+        if not equivalent:
+            inverses = element.wrapped_data.file.get_inverse(element)
+            inverse_hint = ", ".join(f"#{i.id()}={i.is_a()}" for i in list(inverses)[:3])
+            if len(inverses) > 3:
+                inverse_hint += f", … (+{len(inverses) - 3} more)"
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                f"Cannot migrate #{element.id()}={ifc_class} to schema "
+                f"{new_file.schema}: no direct equivalent exists. "
+                f"Referenced by: {inverse_hint or '(no inverses)'}."
+            )
+        return new_file.create_entity(equivalent)
 
     def migrate_attributes(
         self,
@@ -526,11 +631,40 @@ class Migrator:
                     new_value.append(self.migrate(item, new_file))
                 value = new_value
         if value is not None:
+            if _enum_value_outside_target(attribute, value):
+                # Enum value present in source schema but missing in target
+                # (typically a downgrade after a cross-class fallback, e.g.
+                # IfcLamp.PredefinedType=COMPACTFLUORESCENT copied onto
+                # IfcBuildingElementProxy.CompositionType whose enum is
+                # IfcElementCompositionEnum). Leave the attribute unset rather
+                # than abort the whole entity's migration. Detected
+                # structurally so other RuntimeError causes (type mismatches,
+                # invalid values) still propagate.
+                return
             setattr(new_element, attribute.name(), value)
 
     def generate_default_value(self, attribute: ifcopenshell_wrapper.attribute, new_file: ifcopenshell.file) -> Any:
         if attribute.name() in self.default_values:
             return self.default_values[attribute.name()]
+        elif attribute.name() == "Position":
+            # IFC4 relaxed Position to OPTIONAL for many profile defs; IFC2X3
+            # still requires it. Synthesize a unit placement at origin so
+            # IfcIShapeProfileDef and friends downgrade without crashing
+            # downstream validators.
+            try:
+                type_name = attribute.type_of_attribute().as_named_type().declared_type().name()
+            except Exception:
+                type_name = None
+            if type_name == "IfcAxis2Placement2D":
+                return new_file.create_entity(
+                    "IfcAxis2Placement2D",
+                    Location=new_file.create_entity("IfcCartesianPoint", (0.0, 0.0)),
+                )
+            if type_name == "IfcAxis2Placement3D":
+                return new_file.create_entity(
+                    "IfcAxis2Placement3D",
+                    Location=new_file.create_entity("IfcCartesianPoint", (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
+                )
         elif attribute.name() == "OwnerHistory":
             self.default_entities[attribute.name()] = new_file.create_entity(
                 "IfcOwnerHistory",

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/util/selector.py

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ import ifcopenshell.util.shape
 import ifcopenshell.util.system
 import ifcopenshell.util.unit
 
-filter_elements_grammar = lark.Lark("""start: filter_group
+filter_elements_grammar = lark.Lark(
+    """start: filter_group
     filter_group: facet_list ("+" facet_list)*
     facet_list: facet ("," facet)*
 
@@ -110,9 +111,11 @@ filter_elements_grammar = lark.Lark("""start: filter_group
     NEWLINE: (CR? LF)+
 
     %ignore WS // Disregard spaces in text
-""")
+"""
+)
 
-get_element_grammar = lark.Lark("""start: keys
+get_element_grammar = lark.Lark(
+    """start: keys
 
     keys: key ("." key)*
     key: quoted_string | regex_string | unquoted_string
@@ -127,9 +130,11 @@ get_element_grammar = lark.Lark("""start: keys
     WS: /[ \\t\\f\\r\\n]/+
 
     %ignore WS // Disregard spaces in text
- """)
+ """
+)
 
-format_grammar = lark.Lark("""start: expression
+format_grammar = lark.Lark(
+    """start: expression
 
     ?expression: add_sub
     ?add_sub: mul_div
@@ -188,7 +193,8 @@ format_grammar = lark.Lark("""start: expression
     NEWLINE: (CR? LF)+
 
     %ignore WS // Disregard spaces in text
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 
 class FormatTransformer(lark.Transformer):

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/util/shape_builder.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import collections.abc
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from itertools import chain
-from math import atan, cos, degrees, pi, radians, sin, sqrt, tan
+from math import atan, atan2, cos, degrees, hypot, isclose, pi, radians, sin, sqrt, tan
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Optional, Union
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -301,6 +301,130 @@ def intersect_x_axis_2d(p1: VectorType, p2: VectorType, y=0) -> Optional[float]:
     return x1 + t * (x2 - x1)
 
 
+def arc_to_polyline_points(
+    start: VectorType, mid: VectorType, end: VectorType, subdivisions: int = 16
+) -> list[tuple[float, ...]]:
+    """Approximate a circular arc through (start, mid, end) with chord points.
+
+    The arc is determined uniquely by three points — a circle is fit in the
+    XY plane and the angle is walked from start through mid to end, sampling
+    ``subdivisions + 1`` points inclusive of the endpoints. Falls back to a
+    straight chord ``[start, end]`` for collinear / degenerate inputs.
+
+    Only planar arcs in the XY plane are supported. For 3D inputs (length 3
+    tuples), the Z coordinate of each output point is held constant at
+    ``start[2]``. Inputs where start/mid/end have differing Z values raise
+    ``ValueError`` rather than silently project — caller should rotate the
+    arc into the XY plane first if it lives in a non-axis-aligned plane.
+
+    :raises ValueError: if subdivisions < 1, or if 3D inputs have mismatched
+        Z coordinates (non-planar arc).
+    """
+    if subdivisions < 1:
+        raise ValueError(f"subdivisions must be >= 1, got {subdivisions}")
+    if len(start) >= 3:
+        # Tolerance accommodates floating-point noise from kernel transforms
+        # — IFC point coordinates that the author wrote as the same Z value
+        # may diverge by ~1e-15 after placement-matrix round-trips.
+        z_tol = 1e-9
+        if not (isclose(start[2], mid[2], abs_tol=z_tol) and isclose(start[2], end[2], abs_tol=z_tol)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"arc_to_polyline_points only handles arcs in the XY plane; "
+                f"got mismatched Z coordinates ({start[2]}, {mid[2]}, {end[2]})."
+            )
+    sx, sy = start[0], start[1]
+    mx, my = mid[0], mid[1]
+    ex, ey = end[0], end[1]
+    d = 2 * (sx * (my - ey) + mx * (ey - sy) + ex * (sy - my))
+    if abs(d) < 1e-12:
+        return [tuple(start), tuple(end)]
+    cx = ((sx**2 + sy**2) * (my - ey) + (mx**2 + my**2) * (ey - sy) + (ex**2 + ey**2) * (sy - my)) / d
+    cy = ((sx**2 + sy**2) * (ex - mx) + (mx**2 + my**2) * (sx - ex) + (ex**2 + ey**2) * (mx - sx)) / d
+    a_start = atan2(sy - cy, sx - cx)
+    a_mid = atan2(my - cy, mx - cx)
+    a_end = atan2(ey - cy, ex - cx)
+    sweep = _signed_sweep_through_mid(a_start, a_mid, a_end)
+    radius = hypot(sx - cx, sy - cy)
+    pts: list[tuple[float, ...]] = []
+    for i in range(subdivisions + 1):
+        t = i / subdivisions
+        angle = a_start + sweep * t
+        x = cx + radius * cos(angle)
+        y = cy + radius * sin(angle)
+        if len(start) == 2:
+            pts.append((x, y))
+        else:
+            pts.append((x, y, start[2]))
+    return pts
+
+
+def _signed_sweep_through_mid(a_start: float, a_mid: float, a_end: float) -> float:
+    """Total angle (radians) from a_start to a_end going through a_mid."""
+    two_pi = 2 * pi
+    ccw_total = (a_end - a_start) % two_pi
+    ccw_to_mid = (a_mid - a_start) % two_pi
+    if ccw_to_mid <= ccw_total:
+        return ccw_total
+    return -((a_start - a_end) % two_pi)
+
+
+def polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep(face_set: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
+    """Convert an ``IfcPolygonalFaceSet`` or ``IfcTriangulatedFaceSet`` into an
+    ``IfcFacetedBrep`` in the same file, preserving vertex coordinates and face
+    topology (including inner voids on ``IfcIndexedPolygonalFaceWithVoids``).
+
+    The returned brep is the canonical IFC2X3-compatible form of these IFC4
+    tessellated representations. The caller is responsible for rewiring inverse
+    references and removing the source face set when downgrading.
+
+    :raises TypeError: if ``face_set`` is not an ``IfcPolygonalFaceSet`` or
+        ``IfcTriangulatedFaceSet``.
+    :raises ValueError: if ``face_set.Coordinates`` is missing or any face's
+        coordinate index references a vertex outside the coordinate list.
+    """
+    if not (face_set.is_a("IfcPolygonalFaceSet") or face_set.is_a("IfcTriangulatedFaceSet")):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep expected IfcPolygonalFaceSet or "
+            f"IfcTriangulatedFaceSet, got {face_set.is_a()}."
+        )
+    if face_set.Coordinates is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"{face_set.is_a()} #{face_set.id()} has no Coordinates point list.")
+    ifc_file = face_set.file
+    coords = face_set.Coordinates.CoordList
+    vertex_count = len(coords)
+    ifc_points = [ifc_file.createIfcCartesianPoint(tuple(c)) for c in coords]
+
+    def _resolve(indices: Sequence[int]) -> list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]:
+        # IfcIndexedPolygonalFace.CoordIndex / IfcTriangulatedFaceSet.CoordIndex
+        # are 1-based. Out-of-range hits early with a clear message rather
+        # than the cryptic IndexError from list[i-1].
+        out = []
+        for index in indices:
+            if not 1 <= index <= vertex_count:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"{face_set.is_a()} #{face_set.id()} face references vertex {index}, "
+                    f"outside CoordList range 1..{vertex_count}."
+                )
+            out.append(ifc_points[index - 1])
+        return out
+
+    ifc_faces: list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = []
+    if face_set.is_a("IfcTriangulatedFaceSet"):
+        for triangle in face_set.CoordIndex:
+            loop = ifc_file.createIfcPolyLoop(_resolve(triangle))
+            ifc_faces.append(ifc_file.createIfcFace([ifc_file.createIfcFaceOuterBound(loop, True)]))
+    else:  # IfcPolygonalFaceSet
+        for indexed_face in face_set.Faces:
+            outer_loop = ifc_file.createIfcPolyLoop(_resolve(indexed_face.CoordIndex))
+            bounds = [ifc_file.createIfcFaceOuterBound(outer_loop, True)]
+            if indexed_face.is_a("IfcIndexedPolygonalFaceWithVoids"):
+                for inner in indexed_face.InnerCoordIndices or ():
+                    bounds.append(ifc_file.createIfcFaceBound(ifc_file.createIfcPolyLoop(_resolve(inner)), True))
+            ifc_faces.append(ifc_file.createIfcFace(bounds))
+
+    return ifc_file.createIfcFacetedBrep(ifc_file.createIfcClosedShell(ifc_faces))
+
+
 # Note: using ShapeBuilder try not to reuse IFC elements in the process
 # otherwise you might run into situation where builder.mirror or other operation
 # is applied twice during one run to the same element

src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/util/unit.py

@@ -912,6 +912,13 @@ def convert_file_length_units(ifc_file: ifcopenshell.file, target_units: str = "
             new_value = convert_value(val)
             setattr(element, attr.name(), new_value)
 
+    # IfcGeometricRepresentationContext.Precision is typed as a plain IfcReal
+    # but is interpreted in the project length unit, so it must be scaled too.
+    # Subcontexts derive Precision from their parent and cannot be set.
+    for context in file_patched.by_type("IfcGeometricRepresentationContext", include_subtypes=False):
+        if context.Precision is not None:
+            context.Precision = convert_unit(context.Precision, old_length, new_length)
+
     has_map_unit = False
     if (
         ifc_file.schema == "IFC2X3"

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/type/test_assign_type.py

@@ -183,6 +183,39 @@ class TestAssignType(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
             assert element.PredefinedType == "USERDEFINED"
         assert element.ObjectType == "Test"
 
+    def test_class_mismatched_pair_raises(self):
+        door = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcDoor")
+        wall_type = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWallType")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r"IfcWallType cannot type IfcDoor"):
+            ifcopenshell.api.type.assign_type(self.file, related_objects=[door], relating_type=wall_type)
+        assert ifcopenshell.util.element.get_type(door) is None
+
+    def test_class_mismatched_pair_does_not_mutate(self):
+        door = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcDoor")
+        wall_type = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWallType")
+        rels_before = self.file.by_type("IfcRelDefinesByType")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            ifcopenshell.api.type.assign_type(self.file, related_objects=[door], relating_type=wall_type)
+        rels_after = self.file.by_type("IfcRelDefinesByType")
+        assert rels_after == rels_before
+
+    def test_partial_mismatch_in_selection_rejects_whole_call(self):
+        door = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcDoor")
+        wall = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_type = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWallType")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            ifcopenshell.api.type.assign_type(self.file, related_objects=[door, wall], relating_type=wall_type)
+        # The good occurrence must NOT have been typed — partial mutation is the
+        # bug class this guard exists to prevent.
+        assert ifcopenshell.util.element.get_type(wall) is None
+        assert ifcopenshell.util.element.get_type(door) is None
+
+    def test_untypable_occurrence_rejected(self):
+        opening = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcOpeningElement")
+        any_type = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWallType")
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            ifcopenshell.api.type.assign_type(self.file, related_objects=[opening], relating_type=any_type)
+
 
 class TestAssignTypeIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestAssignType):
     pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/fixtures/ColumnPSetsOfSets.ifc

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ISO-10303-21;
 HEADER;
 FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]','RevitIdentifiers [ContentGUID: a0df3484-2dab-42c5-b806-8c10d313bee0, VersionGUID: 658c1394-f3a4-43d1-9b3c-eee44a0cd67a, NumberOfSaves: 2]','CoordinateReference [CoordinateBase: Shared Coordinates]'),'2;1');
 FILE_NAME('Column_4x3.ifc','2025-03-12T13:53:30+00:00',(''),(''),'ODA SDAI 24.12','Autodesk Revit 25.4.0.32 (ENG) - IFC 25.4.0.32','');
-FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC4X3_ADD2'));
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
 ENDSEC;
 DATA;
 #1=IFCORGANIZATION($,'Autodesk Revit 2025 (ENG)',$,$,$);

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/fixtures/rules/pass-IfcCurveStyle-ifc2x3.ifc

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','2022-12-12T15:43:30',(''),(''),'','','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCCURVESTYLE($,$,IFCDESCRIPTIVEMEASURE('by layer'),$);
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/test_create_shape.py

@@ -216,6 +216,26 @@ def test_iterator():
         assert iterator.initialize()
 
 
+def test_logging():
+    logger = ifcopenshell.logger()
+    logger.OutputFormat(logger.FMT_INMEMORY)
+    settings = ifcopenshell.geom.settings()
+    f = ifcopenshell.open(fn)
+    col = f.by_type("IfcColumn")[0]
+    _ = ifcopenshell.geom.create_shape(settings, col, logger=logger)
+
+    num_log_items = len(list(logger))
+    col.Representation.Representations[0].Items[0].MappingSource.MappedRepresentation.Items[0].Depth *= -1.0
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        _ = ifcopenshell.geom.create_shape(settings, col, logger=logger)
+    new_items = list(logger)[num_log_items:]
+
+    assert ("GEO089", "Non-positive extrusion height encountered for:") in [
+        (msg.code, msg.message) for msg in new_items
+    ]
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import pytest
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/test_entity_instance.py

@@ -86,4 +86,4 @@ def test_setting_logical():
     assert '.F.' in str(inst)
     inst.LayerOn = True
     assert inst.LayerOn is True
-    assert '.T.' in str(inst)
+    assert '.T.' in str(inst)

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/test_parse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import ifcopenshell
+
+def test_skip_over_non_entity_instance():
+    data = """
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION((''),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','',(''),(''),'','','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.1);
+#5=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.));
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
+"""
+    f = ifcopenshell.file.from_string(data)
+    print(ifcopenshell.get_log())
+    f.by_id(5)

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/test_rules.py

@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ def test_file(filename):
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    pytest.main(["-sx", __file__])
+    pytest.main(["-sx", __file__, '--import-mode=importlib'])

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/test_streaming_rocksdb_and_simpletyperefs.py

@@ -74,14 +74,29 @@ def test_opening_unicode():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(psutil is None, reason="psutil not installed")
 def test_memusage_partial_open():
-    m0 = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss
-    f = ifcopenshell.open(fn)
-    m1 = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss
-    g = ifcopenshell.open(fn, bypass_types=("IfcRepresentationItem",))
-    m2 = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss
-    # arbitrary...
-    expected_ratio = 0.75
-    assert (m2 - m1) < (m1 - m0) * expected_ratio
+    # Run in a subprocess to ensure the file is not already in the process page
+    # cache from earlier tests, which would make both RSS deltas read as zero.
+    import subprocess
+    import sys
+
+    script = f"""
+import psutil
+import ifcopenshell
+
+fn = {repr(fn)}
+m0 = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss
+f = ifcopenshell.open(fn)
+m1 = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss
+g = ifcopenshell.open(fn, bypass_types=("IfcRepresentationItem",))
+m2 = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss
+expected_ratio = 0.75
+assert (m2 - m1) < (m1 - m0) * expected_ratio, (
+    f"bypass_types did not reduce memory: normal open added {{m1 - m0}} bytes, "
+    f"bypass open added {{m2 - m1}} bytes (expected < {{(m1 - m0) * expected_ratio:.0f}})"
+)
+"""
+    result = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", script], capture_output=True, text=True)
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr or result.stdout
 
 
 def test_rocks():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/util/test_schema.py

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+import pytest
+
+import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.api.project
 import ifcopenshell.util.schema as subject
 import test.bootstrap
@@ -119,6 +122,157 @@ END-ISO-10303-21;
         assert isinstance(qt_float_count_measure_ifc4x3[3], float)
         assert qt_float_count_measure_ifc4x3[3] == 723.0
 
+    def test_migrate_class_raises_clear_error_for_ifc4_only_non_element_class_to_ifc2x3(self):
+        """IFC4-only non-element classes (geometry items, etc.) have no
+        IfcBuildingElementProxy fallback and must surface a clear error naming
+        the failing class — not the cryptic 'Entity name not found in schema'."""
+        ifc4_file = ifcopenshell.api.project.create_file()
+        point_list = ifc4_file.create_entity("IfcCartesianPointList2D", CoordList=((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0)))
+        ifc2x3_file = ifcopenshell.api.project.create_file(version="IFC2X3")
+
+        migrator = subject.Migrator()
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError) as exc_info:
+            migrator.migrate(point_list, ifc2x3_file)
+
+        message = str(exc_info.value)
+        assert "IfcCartesianPointList2D" in message
+        assert "IFC2X3" in message
+
+    def test_migrate_class_falls_back_to_ifcbuildingelementproxy_when_opt_in(self):
+        """With ``fallback_element_to_proxy=True``, IFC4-only IfcElement
+        subclasses (IfcLamp, IfcPipeSegment, IfcGeographicElement, …) migrate
+        as IfcBuildingElementProxy instead of raising. Default behavior
+        (no opt-in) raises so non-recipe callers keep the strict contract."""
+        ifc4_file = ifcopenshell.api.project.create_file()
+        lamp = ifc4_file.create_entity("IfcLamp", GlobalId="2K6Z3DR8X37AS9XFvX8GcW")
+        ifc2x3_file = ifcopenshell.api.project.create_file(version="IFC2X3")
+
+        # Default migrator raises (strict contract preserved).
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match="IfcLamp"):
+            subject.Migrator().migrate(lamp, ifc2x3_file)
+
+        # Opt-in migrator substitutes IfcBuildingElementProxy.
+        ifc2x3_file = ifcopenshell.api.project.create_file(version="IFC2X3")
+        new_lamp = subject.Migrator(fallback_element_to_proxy=True).migrate(lamp, ifc2x3_file)
+        assert new_lamp.is_a("IfcBuildingElementProxy")
+
+
+class TestGetFallbackSchema:
+    """Pins the schema-identifier normalisation contract relied on by callers
+    that need to map upstream variants (IFC4X3_ADD2, IFC2X3_TC1, IFC4_ADD2, …)
+    to a base schema name for compatibility tables / downgrade detection."""
+
+    def test_ifc4x3_variants_collapse_to_ifc4x3(self):
+        # Longest-prefix-first: IFC4X3_ADD2 must NOT be misclassified as IFC4
+        # — the function checks IFC4X3 before IFC4.
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4X3") == "IFC4X3"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4X3_ADD1") == "IFC4X3"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4X3_ADD2") == "IFC4X3"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4X3_RC1") == "IFC4X3"
+
+    def test_ifc4_variants_collapse_to_ifc4(self):
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4") == "IFC4"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4_ADD1") == "IFC4"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4_ADD2") == "IFC4"
+        # IFC4X1 / IFC4X2 are draft schemas — collapse to IFC4 by design.
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4X1") == "IFC4"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC4X2") == "IFC4"
+
+    def test_ifc2x3_variants_collapse_to_ifc2x3(self):
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC2X3") == "IFC2X3"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC2X3_TC1") == "IFC2X3"
+        assert subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC2X3_FINAL") == "IFC2X3"
+
+    def test_unknown_version_asserts(self):
+        # Asserts under non-optimised Python; in -O mode would return the
+        # unmodified input. Caller should guard accordingly.
+        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+            subject.get_fallback_schema("IFC10")
+
+
+class TestIfc4OnlyGeometryClasses:
+    def test_known_ifc4_only_classes_present(self):
+        result = subject.ifc4_only_geometry_classes()
+        # Classes that genuinely don't exist in IFC2X3 and inherit
+        # IfcRepresentationItem in IFC4.
+        for name in (
+            "IfcPolygonalFaceSet",
+            "IfcTriangulatedFaceSet",
+            "IfcIndexedPolyCurve",
+            "IfcCartesianPointList3D",
+            "IfcAdvancedBrep",
+        ):
+            assert name in result, f"{name} should be classified as IFC4-only geometry"
+
+    def test_ifc2x3_compatible_classes_absent(self):
+        result = subject.ifc4_only_geometry_classes()
+        # Classes that exist in both schemas — must NOT be flagged.
+        for name in ("IfcPolyline", "IfcFacetedBrep", "IfcCartesianPoint", "IfcExtrudedAreaSolid"):
+            assert name not in result, f"{name} exists in IFC2X3, should not be IFC4-only"
+
+    def test_non_geometry_ifc4_only_classes_absent(self):
+        result = subject.ifc4_only_geometry_classes()
+        # IFC4-only but not IfcRepresentationItem subclasses — out of scope.
+        for name in ("IfcEvent", "IfcWorkCalendar", "IfcLamp"):
+            assert name not in result, f"{name} is not an IfcRepresentationItem subclass"
+
+    def test_result_is_cached_frozenset(self):
+        first = subject.ifc4_only_geometry_classes()
+        second = subject.ifc4_only_geometry_classes()
+        assert first is second  # @functools.cache returns the same object
+
+
+class TestGeometryClassesIntroducedAfter:
+    """Generalised version of ``ifc4_only_geometry_classes`` — pins the
+    schema-aware contract that supports IFC4X3 → IFC2X3 downgrades, not just
+    IFC4 → IFC2X3."""
+
+    def test_ifc4_to_ifc2x3_matches_legacy_helper(self):
+        # The legacy ``ifc4_only_geometry_classes`` is now a thin alias.
+        assert subject.geometry_classes_introduced_after("IFC2X3", "IFC4") == subject.ifc4_only_geometry_classes()
+
+    def test_ifc4x3_to_ifc2x3_is_superset_of_ifc4_to_ifc2x3(self):
+        # IFC4X3 is a superset of IFC4 — every IFC4-only geometry class is
+        # also missing from IFC2X3 when the source is IFC4X3, plus any new
+        # IFC4X3-only geometry (alignment curves, distance expressions, …).
+        ifc4_gap = subject.geometry_classes_introduced_after("IFC2X3", "IFC4")
+        ifc4x3_gap = subject.geometry_classes_introduced_after("IFC2X3", "IFC4X3")
+        assert ifc4_gap <= ifc4x3_gap
+
+    def test_ifc4_to_ifc4x3_is_empty(self):
+        # IFC4X3 contains every IFC4 IfcRepresentationItem subclass — no
+        # IFC4 class is missing from IFC4X3.
+        assert subject.geometry_classes_introduced_after("IFC4X3", "IFC4") == frozenset()
+
+
+class TestEnumValueOutsideTarget:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _attr(class_name: str, attr_name: str):
+        schema = ifcopenshell.ifcopenshell_wrapper.schema_by_name("IFC2X3")
+        decl = schema.declaration_by_name(class_name)
+        return next(a for a in decl.all_attributes() if a.name() == attr_name)
+
+    def test_enum_value_present_in_target_returns_false(self):
+        # IfcCovering.PredefinedType is IfcCoveringTypeEnum — CEILING is valid.
+        attr = self._attr("IfcCovering", "PredefinedType")
+        assert subject._enum_value_outside_target(attr, "CEILING") is False
+
+    def test_enum_value_missing_in_target_returns_true(self):
+        # IfcCoveringTypeEnum has no COMPACTFLUORESCENT (an IfcLampTypeEnum value).
+        attr = self._attr("IfcCovering", "PredefinedType")
+        assert subject._enum_value_outside_target(attr, "COMPACTFLUORESCENT") is True
+
+    def test_non_enum_attribute_returns_false(self):
+        # IfcCovering.Name is IfcLabel — not an enum, so the helper must return False.
+        attr = self._attr("IfcCovering", "Name")
+        assert subject._enum_value_outside_target(attr, "anything") is False
+
+    def test_non_string_value_returns_false(self):
+        attr = self._attr("IfcCovering", "PredefinedType")
+        assert subject._enum_value_outside_target(attr, 42) is False
+
+
+class TestExtendedMaterialProperties(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
     def test_migrate_extended_material_properties_ifc2x3_ifc4(self):
         ifc2x3_file = ifcopenshell.api.project.create_file(version="IFC2X3")
         material = ifc2x3_file.createIfcMaterial(Name="Material")

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/util/test_shape_builder.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from math import degrees, radians
+from math import degrees, radians, sqrt
 from typing import Any, Union
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import test.bootstrap
 from ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder import (
     ShapeBuilder,
     V,
+    arc_to_polyline_points,
     is_x,
     np_angle,
     np_angle_signed,
@@ -36,9 +37,116 @@ from ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder import (
     np_normal,
     np_rotation_matrix,
     np_to_3d,
+    polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep,
 )
 
 
+class TestArcToPolylinePoints:
+    def test_quarter_arc_2d_samples_n_plus_one_points(self):
+        # Quarter arc from (1,0) through (cos45°, sin45°) to (0,1) — unit circle.
+        sqrt_half = sqrt(0.5)
+        points = arc_to_polyline_points((1.0, 0.0), (sqrt_half, sqrt_half), (0.0, 1.0), 8)
+        assert len(points) == 9
+        assert points[0] == pytest.approx((1.0, 0.0), abs=1e-9)
+        assert points[-1] == pytest.approx((0.0, 1.0), abs=1e-9)
+        for x, y in points:
+            assert x * x + y * y == pytest.approx(1.0, abs=1e-9)
+
+    def test_collinear_inputs_fall_back_to_straight_chord(self):
+        points = arc_to_polyline_points((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0), (2.0, 0.0), 16)
+        assert points == [(0.0, 0.0), (2.0, 0.0)]
+
+    def test_3d_inputs_with_constant_z_preserved(self):
+        points = arc_to_polyline_points((1.0, 0.0, 5.0), (0.7071, 0.7071, 5.0), (0.0, 1.0, 5.0), 4)
+        assert len(points) == 5
+        assert all(p[2] == 5.0 for p in points)
+
+    def test_3d_inputs_with_mismatched_z_raises(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="XY plane"):
+            arc_to_polyline_points((1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+
+    def test_3d_inputs_with_near_equal_z_pass_within_tolerance(self):
+        # Real IFC files often have float noise of ~1e-15 in Z values that the
+        # author meant to be identical — kernel transforms introduce it. The
+        # planar check tolerates this rather than rejecting valid input.
+        sqrt_half = sqrt(0.5)
+        points = arc_to_polyline_points(
+            (1.0, 0.0, 5.0), (sqrt_half, sqrt_half, 5.0 + 1e-15), (0.0, 1.0, 5.0 - 2e-16), 4
+        )
+        assert len(points) == 5
+
+    def test_subdivisions_zero_raises(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="subdivisions"):
+            arc_to_polyline_points((1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 0.0), 0)
+
+
+class TestPolygonalFaceSetToFacetedBrep(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def test_triangulated_face_set_preserves_coordinates(self):
+        coords = self.file.create_entity(
+            "IfcCartesianPointList3D",
+            CoordList=((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0.5, 0.5, 1.0)),
+        )
+        face_set = self.file.create_entity(
+            "IfcTriangulatedFaceSet", Coordinates=coords, CoordIndex=[(1, 2, 4), (2, 3, 4), (3, 1, 4), (1, 3, 2)]
+        )
+
+        brep = polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep(face_set)
+
+        assert brep.is_a("IfcFacetedBrep")
+        assert len(brep.Outer.CfsFaces) == 4
+        # Every CoordList vertex appears in the brep at the same coordinate.
+        brep_points = {tuple(p.Coordinates) for f in brep.Outer.CfsFaces for p in f.Bounds[0].Bound.Polygon}
+        assert (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) in brep_points
+        assert (1.0, 0.0, 0.0) in brep_points
+        assert (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) in brep_points
+        assert (0.5, 0.5, 1.0) in brep_points
+
+    def test_polygonal_face_set_with_voids_preserves_inner_bounds(self):
+        # Quad with a triangular hole through it.
+        coords = self.file.create_entity(
+            "IfcCartesianPointList3D",
+            CoordList=(
+                (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                (4.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                (4.0, 4.0, 0.0),
+                (0.0, 4.0, 0.0),
+                (1.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+                (3.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+                (2.0, 3.0, 0.0),
+            ),
+        )
+        face = self.file.create_entity(
+            "IfcIndexedPolygonalFaceWithVoids",
+            CoordIndex=(1, 2, 3, 4),
+            InnerCoordIndices=[(5, 6, 7)],
+        )
+        face_set = self.file.create_entity("IfcPolygonalFaceSet", Coordinates=coords, Faces=[face])
+
+        brep = polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep(face_set)
+
+        assert len(brep.Outer.CfsFaces) == 1
+        bounds = brep.Outer.CfsFaces[0].Bounds
+        # Outer + 1 inner bound.
+        assert len(bounds) == 2
+        outer = next(b for b in bounds if b.is_a("IfcFaceOuterBound"))
+        inner = next(b for b in bounds if not b.is_a("IfcFaceOuterBound"))
+        assert len(outer.Bound.Polygon) == 4
+        assert len(inner.Bound.Polygon) == 3
+
+    def test_wrong_class_raises_typeerror(self):
+        # An IfcCartesianPointList3D is not a face set.
+        not_a_face_set = self.file.create_entity("IfcCartesianPointList3D", CoordList=((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),))
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="IfcPolygonalFaceSet"):
+            polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep(not_a_face_set)
+
+    def test_out_of_range_index_raises_valueerror(self):
+        coords = self.file.create_entity("IfcCartesianPointList3D", CoordList=((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),))
+        # CoordIndex 5 doesn't exist in a 1-vertex coord list.
+        face_set = self.file.create_entity("IfcTriangulatedFaceSet", Coordinates=coords, CoordIndex=[(1, 1, 5)])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="outside CoordList range"):
+            polygonal_face_set_to_faceted_brep(face_set)
+
+
 class TestMathutilsCompatibleMethods(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
     def test_np_rotation_matrix(self):
         from mathutils import Matrix, Vector  # pyright: ignore[reportMissingImports]  # ty:ignore[unresolved-import]

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/util/test_unit.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 from math import pi
 
 import numpy as np
+import pytest
 
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.georeference
@@ -258,6 +259,23 @@ class TestConvertFileLengthUnits(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3):
         assert max(i.id() for i in output) == len(output.entity_names()) + 1
         assert subject.get_full_unit_name(subject.get_project_unit(output, "LENGTHUNIT")) == "METRE"
 
+    def test_precision_conversion(self):
+        # Regression test for #6127: IfcGeometricRepresentationContext.Precision
+        # is typed IfcReal but interpreted in the project length unit, so it must
+        # be scaled along with the length measures.
+        ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
+        unit = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT", prefix="MILLI")
+        ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(self.file, units=[unit])
+        context = ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(self.file, context_type="Model")
+        context.Precision = 0.01
+        # Subcontexts derive Precision from the parent and must be left alone.
+        ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(
+            self.file, context_type="Model", context_identifier="Body", target_view="MODEL_VIEW", parent=context
+        )
+        output = subject.convert_file_length_units(self.file, target_units="METER")
+        new_context = output.by_type("IfcGeometricRepresentationContext", include_subtypes=False)[0]
+        assert new_context.Precision == pytest.approx(0.00001)
+
     def test_attribute_conversion(self):
         ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
         unit = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT", prefix="MILLI")