Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/v0.8.0' into datamodel-v1.0

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/aggregate/test_assign_object.py

@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@
 
 import numpy
 import pytest
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
-import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-import ifcopenshell.api.spatial
-import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.aggregate
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import ifcopenshell.api.spatial
+import ifcopenshell.api.unit
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
 import ifcopenshell.util.placement
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignObject(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/aggregate/test_unassign_object.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.aggregate
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignObject(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_add_segment_to_layout.py

@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-
 from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._add_segment_to_layout import _add_segment_to_layout
 
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_add_stationing_to_alignment.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_add_vertical_alignment.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create_as_offset_curve.py

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import ifcopenshell.util
-import ifcopenshell.util.unit
-import pytest
 import math
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
+import ifcopenshell.util
+import ifcopenshell.util.unit
 
 
 def test_create_as_offset_curve():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create_as_polyline.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create_by_pi_method.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create_layout_segment.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+import math
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-import math
 
 
 def _test_horizontal() -> ifcopenshell.file:

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create_no_geometry.py

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
-import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
 
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_distance_along_from_station.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_get_alignment.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_get_basis_curve.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
 
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_horizontal_layout_by_pi_method.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_map_alignment_cant_segment.py

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
-import ifcopenshell.api.context
-from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._map_alignment_cant_segment import _map_alignment_cant_segment
+from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._map_alignment_cant_segment import (
+    _map_alignment_cant_segment,
+)
 
 
 def _BlossCurve_100_0_300_1000_1_Meter(file):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_map_alignment_horizontal_segment.py

@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@
 # for horizontal alignment.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._map_alignment_horizontal_segment import _map_alignment_horizontal_segment
+from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._map_alignment_horizontal_segment import (
+    _map_alignment_horizontal_segment,
+)
 
 
 def _BlossCurve_100_0_300_1000_1_Meter(file):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_map_alignment_vertical_segment.py

@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@
 # for vertical alignment.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
-from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._map_alignment_vertical_segment import _map_alignment_vertical_segment
+from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._map_alignment_vertical_segment import (
+    _map_alignment_vertical_segment,
+)
 
 
 def _CircularArc_100_0_10_0_0_0_0_5_1_Meter(file):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_name_segments.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_referent_names.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
-from pytest import fixture
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_update_curve_segment_transition_code.py

@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
-from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._update_curve_segment_transition_code import _update_curve_segment_transition_code
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
+from ifcopenshell.api.alignment._update_curve_segment_transition_code import (
+    _update_curve_segment_transition_code,
+)
 
 
 def _test1():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_update_fallback_position.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_vertical_layout_by_pi_method.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/boundary/test_copy_boundary.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.boundary
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestCopyBoundary(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/boundary/test_edit_attributes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.boundary
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestEditAttributes(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def setup_boundary(self):
+        space = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcSpace")
+        wall = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        boundary = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcRelSpaceBoundary")
+        return boundary, space, wall
+
+    def test_sets_relating_space_and_building_element(self):
+        boundary, space, wall = self.setup_boundary()
+        ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+            self.file, entity=boundary, relating_space=space, related_building_element=wall
+        )
+        assert boundary.RelatingSpace == space
+        assert boundary.RelatedBuildingElement == wall
+
+    def test_defaults_enums_to_notdefined(self):
+        boundary, space, wall = self.setup_boundary()
+        ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+            self.file, entity=boundary, relating_space=space, related_building_element=wall
+        )
+        assert boundary.PhysicalOrVirtualBoundary == "NOTDEFINED"
+        assert boundary.InternalOrExternalBoundary == "NOTDEFINED"
+
+    def test_sets_physical_or_virtual(self):
+        boundary, space, wall = self.setup_boundary()
+        ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+            self.file,
+            entity=boundary,
+            relating_space=space,
+            related_building_element=wall,
+            physical_or_virtual="PHYSICAL",
+        )
+        assert boundary.PhysicalOrVirtualBoundary == "PHYSICAL"
+
+    def test_sets_internal_or_external(self):
+        boundary, space, wall = self.setup_boundary()
+        ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+            self.file,
+            entity=boundary,
+            relating_space=space,
+            related_building_element=wall,
+            internal_or_external="EXTERNAL",
+        )
+        assert boundary.InternalOrExternalBoundary == "EXTERNAL"
+
+    def test_sets_all_enum_variants(self):
+        boundary, space, wall = self.setup_boundary()
+        for value in ("PHYSICAL", "VIRTUAL", "NOTDEFINED"):
+            ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+                self.file,
+                entity=boundary,
+                relating_space=space,
+                related_building_element=wall,
+                physical_or_virtual=value,
+            )
+            assert boundary.PhysicalOrVirtualBoundary == value
+
+        for value in ("INTERNAL", "EXTERNAL", "EXTERNAL_EARTH", "EXTERNAL_WATER", "EXTERNAL_FIRE", "NOTDEFINED"):
+            ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+                self.file,
+                entity=boundary,
+                relating_space=space,
+                related_building_element=wall,
+                internal_or_external=value,
+            )
+            assert boundary.InternalOrExternalBoundary == value
+
+
+class TestEditAttributesIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestEditAttributes):
+    def test_sets_all_enum_variants(self):
+        boundary, space, wall = self.setup_boundary()
+        for value in ("PHYSICAL", "VIRTUAL", "NOTDEFINED"):
+            ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+                self.file,
+                entity=boundary,
+                relating_space=space,
+                related_building_element=wall,
+                physical_or_virtual=value,
+            )
+            assert boundary.PhysicalOrVirtualBoundary == value
+
+        # IFC2X3 only has INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, NOTDEFINED
+        for value in ("INTERNAL", "EXTERNAL", "NOTDEFINED"):
+            ifcopenshell.api.boundary.edit_attributes(
+                self.file,
+                entity=boundary,
+                relating_space=space,
+                related_building_element=wall,
+                internal_or_external=value,
+            )
+            assert boundary.InternalOrExternalBoundary == value

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/boundary/test_remove_boundary.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.boundary
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveBoundary(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/classification/test_add_classification.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.classification
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddClassification(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/classification/test_add_reference.py

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.classification
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.classification
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/classification/test_remove_classification.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.classification
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveClassification(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/classification/test_remove_reference.py

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.classification
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.classification
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cogo/test_add_survey_point.py

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.aggregate
-import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
-import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.cogo
+import ifcopenshell.api.context
 
 
 def test_add_survey_point():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cogo/test_assign_survey_point.py

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.aggregate
-import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
-import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.cogo
+import ifcopenshell.api.context
 
 
 def test_assign_survey_point():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cogo/test_bearing2dd.py

@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.cogo
-import math
 
 
 def test_bearing2dd():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cogo/test_edit_survey_point.py

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import pytest
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.aggregate
-import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
-import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.cogo
+import ifcopenshell.api.context
 
 
 def test_edit_survey_point():

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/constraint/test_assign_constraint.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.constraint
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.constraint
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignConstraint(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/constraint/test_unassign_constraint.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.constraint
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.constraint
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignConstraint(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/context/test_add_context.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddContext(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/context/test_edit_context.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditContext(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/context/test_remove_context.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
 import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveContext(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/control/test_assign_control.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.cost
 import ifcopenshell.api.control
+import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignControl(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/control/test_unassign_control.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.cost
 import ifcopenshell.api.control
+import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignControl(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cost/test_add_cost_item.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.cost
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddCostItem(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cost/test_add_cost_item_quantity.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
+import ifcopenshell.api.control
 import ifcopenshell.api.cost
 import ifcopenshell.api.root
-import ifcopenshell.api.control
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddCostItemQuantity(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cost/test_add_cost_schedule.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddCostSchedule(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cost/test_edit_cost_value.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2021 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import ifcopenshell.api.unit
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestEditCostValue(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def test_editing_applied_value(self):
+        schedule = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_schedule(self.file)
+        item = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_item(self.file, cost_schedule=schedule)
+        value = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_value(self.file, parent=item)
+        ifcopenshell.api.cost.edit_cost_value(self.file, cost_value=value, attributes={"AppliedValue": 42.0})
+        assert value.AppliedValue.wrappedValue == 42.0
+
+    def test_editing_unit_basis_removes_old_deeply(self):
+        schedule = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_schedule(self.file)
+        item = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_item(self.file, cost_schedule=schedule)
+        value = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_value(self.file, parent=item)
+        unit = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT")
+        ifcopenshell.api.cost.edit_cost_value(
+            self.file,
+            cost_value=value,
+            attributes={"UnitBasis": {"ValueComponent": 1.0, "UnitComponent": unit}},
+        )
+        old_basis = value.UnitBasis
+        assert old_basis is not None
+        old_basis_id = old_basis.id()
+        # Now change to a new unit basis — the old one should be deeply removed.
+        ifcopenshell.api.cost.edit_cost_value(
+            self.file,
+            cost_value=value,
+            attributes={"UnitBasis": {"ValueComponent": 2.0, "UnitComponent": unit}},
+        )
+        assert value.UnitBasis is not None
+        assert value.UnitBasis.id() != old_basis_id
+
+    def test_clearing_unit_basis(self):
+        schedule = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_schedule(self.file)
+        item = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_item(self.file, cost_schedule=schedule)
+        value = ifcopenshell.api.cost.add_cost_value(self.file, parent=item)
+        unit = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT")
+        ifcopenshell.api.cost.edit_cost_value(
+            self.file,
+            cost_value=value,
+            attributes={"UnitBasis": {"ValueComponent": 1.0, "UnitComponent": unit}},
+        )
+        assert value.UnitBasis is not None
+        ifcopenshell.api.cost.edit_cost_value(self.file, cost_value=value, attributes={"UnitBasis": None})
+        assert value.UnitBasis is None
+
+
+class TestEditCostValueIFC4X3(test.bootstrap.IFC4X3, TestEditCostValue):
+    pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cost/test_remove_cost_item.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveCostItem(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/cost/test_remove_cost_schedule.py

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api
 import ifcopenshell.api.cost
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveCostSchedule(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/document/test_add_information.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.document
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddInformation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/document/test_add_reference.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.document
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/document/test_assign_document.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.document
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignDocument(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/document/test_remove_information.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.document
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveInformation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/document/test_remove_reference.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.document
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/document/test_unassign_document.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.document
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignDocument(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/drawing/test_assign_product.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.drawing
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignProduct(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/drawing/test_edit_text_literal.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.drawing
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditTextLiteral(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/drawing/test_unassign_product.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.drawing
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignProduct(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/feature/test_add_feature.py

@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import numpy
-import test.bootstrap
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.feature
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
 import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
 import ifcopenshell.util.placement
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddFeature(test.bootstrap.IFC4X3):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/feature/test_add_filling.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.feature
 import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddFilling(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/feature/test_remove_feature.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.feature
 import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveFeature(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_add_boolean.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class TestAddBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         assert boolean.FirstOperand == first
         assert boolean.SecondOperand == second
         assert boolean.Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
-        assert set(rep.Items) == {boolean}
+        assert set(rep.Items) == {boolean, second}
 
     def test_adding_multiple_booleans_from_three_top_level_items(self):
         ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
@@ -58,13 +58,14 @@ class TestAddBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
 
         booleans = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second1, second2])
         assert len(booleans) == 2
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 1
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.is_a("IfcBooleanResult")
-        assert rep.Items[0].SecondOperand == second2
-        assert rep.Items[0].Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.FirstOperand == first
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.SecondOperand == second1
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
+        final_boolean = booleans[-1]
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.is_a("IfcBooleanResult")
+        assert final_boolean.SecondOperand == second2
+        assert final_boolean.Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.FirstOperand == first
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.SecondOperand == second1
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
+        assert set(rep.Items) == {final_boolean, second1, second2}
 
     def test_adding_a_boolean_to_an_existing_operand_from_a_top_level_item(self):
         ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
@@ -78,14 +79,16 @@ class TestAddBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         second2 = builder.block()
         rep = builder.get_representation(body, [first, second1])
         booleans = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second1])
+        # second1 stays in Items, add second2 as well
         rep.Items = list(rep.Items) + [second2]
         booleans = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second2])
         assert len(booleans) == 1
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 1
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.is_a("IfcBooleanResult")
-        assert rep.Items[0].SecondOperand == second2
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.FirstOperand == first
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand.SecondOperand == second1
+        final_boolean = booleans[0]
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.is_a("IfcBooleanResult")
+        assert final_boolean.SecondOperand == second2
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.FirstOperand == first
+        assert final_boolean.FirstOperand.SecondOperand == second1
+        assert set(rep.Items) == {final_boolean, second1, second2}
 
     def test_adding_a_boolean_to_an_existing_operand_from_another_operand(self):
         ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ class TestAddBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         booleans = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first1, [second2])
 
         assert len(booleans) == 1
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 2
+        assert len(rep.Items) == 4
 
         assert self.file.get_total_inverses(first1) == 1
         result = next(iter(self.file.get_inverse(first1)))
@@ -132,14 +135,15 @@ class TestAddBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         rep = builder.get_representation(body, [first, second])
         ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second])
         ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second])
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 1
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand == first
-        assert rep.Items[0].SecondOperand == second
+        assert set(rep.Items) == {self.file.by_type("IfcBooleanResult")[0], second}
+        boolean = self.file.by_type("IfcBooleanResult")[0]
+        assert boolean.FirstOperand == first
+        assert boolean.SecondOperand == second
         ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, second, [second])
         ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, second, [first])
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 1
-        assert rep.Items[0].FirstOperand == first
-        assert rep.Items[0].SecondOperand == second
+        assert set(rep.Items) == {boolean, second}
+        assert boolean.FirstOperand == first
+        assert boolean.SecondOperand == second
         assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcBooleanResult")) == 1
 
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_add_profile_representation.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import ifcopenshell.api.unit
+import test.bootstrap
 from ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder import ShapeBuilder
 
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_add_shape_aspect.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddShapeAspect(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_add_topology_representation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.context
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestAddTopologyRepresentation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def setup_context(self):
+        ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
+        model = ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(self.file, context_type="Model")
+        return ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(
+            self.file,
+            context_type="Model",
+            context_identifier="Reference",
+            target_view="GRAPH_VIEW",
+            parent=model,
+        )
+
+    def test_creates_topology_representation(self):
+        context = self.setup_context()
+        face = self.file.create_entity("IfcFaceSurface")
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_topology_representation(self.file, context=context, item=face)
+        assert rep.is_a("IfcTopologyRepresentation")
+        assert rep.ContextOfItems == context
+        assert face in rep.Items
+
+    def test_infers_face_representation_type(self):
+        context = self.setup_context()
+        face = self.file.create_entity("IfcFaceSurface")
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_topology_representation(self.file, context=context, item=face)
+        assert rep.RepresentationType == "Face"
+
+    def test_infers_edge_representation_type(self):
+        context = self.setup_context()
+        edge = self.file.create_entity("IfcEdge")
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_topology_representation(self.file, context=context, item=edge)
+        assert rep.RepresentationType == "Edge"
+
+    def test_defaults_representation_identifier_to_context_identifier(self):
+        context = self.setup_context()
+        face = self.file.create_entity("IfcFaceSurface")
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_topology_representation(self.file, context=context, item=face)
+        assert rep.RepresentationIdentifier == context.ContextIdentifier
+
+    def test_custom_representation_identifier(self):
+        context = self.setup_context()
+        face = self.file.create_entity("IfcFaceSurface")
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_topology_representation(
+            self.file, context=context, item=face, representation_identifier="Body"
+        )
+        assert rep.RepresentationIdentifier == "Body"
+
+    def test_custom_representation_type_overrides_inferred(self):
+        context = self.setup_context()
+        face = self.file.create_entity("IfcFaceSurface")
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_topology_representation(
+            self.file, context=context, item=face, representation_type="Undefined"
+        )
+        assert rep.RepresentationType == "Undefined"
+
+
+class TestAddTopologyRepresentationIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestAddTopologyRepresentation):
+    pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_assign_representation.py

@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api
-import ifcopenshell.api.material
-import ifcopenshell.api.type
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.material
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import ifcopenshell.api.type
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignRepresentation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_clip_solid.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import json
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestClipSolid(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def make_extrusion(self):
+        builder = ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder.ShapeBuilder(self.file)
+        rect = builder.rectangle(size=(1.0, 1.0))
+        return builder.extrude(rect, magnitude=4.0)
+
+    def test_returns_boolean_clipping_result(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        assert result.is_a("IfcBooleanClippingResult")
+        assert result.Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
+
+    def test_first_operand_is_the_item(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        assert result.FirstOperand == extrusion
+
+    def test_second_operand_is_half_space_solid(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        assert result.SecondOperand.is_a("IfcHalfSpaceSolid")
+
+    def test_clip_plane_location_matches(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        plane = result.SecondOperand.BaseSurface
+        coords = plane.Position.Location.Coordinates
+        assert list(coords) == [0.0, 0.0, 3.0]
+
+    def test_chaining_two_clips(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        first_clip = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        second_clip = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=first_clip,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, -1.0],
+        )
+        assert second_clip.is_a("IfcBooleanClippingResult")
+        assert second_clip.FirstOperand == first_clip
+        assert first_clip.FirstOperand == extrusion
+
+    def test_angled_clip_plane(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.26],
+            normal=[0.419, 0.0, 0.908],
+        )
+        assert result.is_a("IfcBooleanClippingResult")
+        assert result.SecondOperand.is_a("IfcHalfSpaceSolid")
+
+    def test_element_registers_result_in_bbim_boolean(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        wall = self.file.createIfcWall()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            element=wall,
+        )
+        pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(wall, "BBIM_Boolean")
+        assert pset is not None
+        assert result.id() in json.loads(pset["Data"])
+
+    def test_element_appends_to_existing_bbim_boolean(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        wall = self.file.createIfcWall()
+        first = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            element=wall,
+        )
+        second = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=first,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, -1.0],
+            element=wall,
+        )
+        pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(wall, "BBIM_Boolean")
+        ids = json.loads(pset["Data"])
+        assert first.id() in ids
+        assert second.id() in ids
+
+    def test_no_element_does_not_create_pset(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        wall = self.file.createIfcWall()
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        assert ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(wall, "BBIM_Boolean") is None
+
+
+class TestClipSolidIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestClipSolid):
+    pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_clip_solid_bounded.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import json
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestClipSolidBounded(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def make_extrusion(self):
+        builder = ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder.ShapeBuilder(self.file)
+        rect = builder.rectangle(size=(4.0, 1.0))
+        return builder.extrude(rect, magnitude=3.0)
+
+    def test_returns_boolean_clipping_result(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        assert result.is_a("IfcBooleanClippingResult")
+        assert result.Operator == "DIFFERENCE"
+
+    def test_first_operand_is_the_item(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        assert result.FirstOperand == extrusion
+
+    def test_second_operand_is_polygonal_bounded_half_space(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        assert result.SecondOperand.is_a("IfcPolygonalBoundedHalfSpace")
+
+    def test_agreement_flag_is_false(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        assert result.SecondOperand.AgreementFlag is False
+
+    def test_clip_plane_location_matches(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        plane = result.SecondOperand.BaseSurface
+        coords = plane.Position.Location.Coordinates
+        assert list(coords) == [2.5, 0.0, 2.0]
+
+    def test_boundary_is_closed_polyline(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        boundary = result.SecondOperand.PolygonalBoundary
+        assert boundary.is_a("IfcPolyline")
+        pts = [list(p.Coordinates) for p in boundary.Points]
+        assert pts[0] == pts[-1], "polygon should be closed"
+        assert len(pts) == 5  # 4 unique + closing repeat
+
+    def test_boundary_position_defaults_to_origin(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        pos = result.SecondOperand.Position
+        assert list(pos.Location.Coordinates) == [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+
+    def test_custom_boundary_position(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+            boundary_position=[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
+        )
+        pos = result.SecondOperand.Position
+        assert list(pos.Location.Coordinates) == [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
+
+    def test_chaining_with_clip_solid(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        first_clip = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[0.0, 0.0, 3.0],
+            normal=[0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+        )
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=first_clip,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        assert result.is_a("IfcBooleanClippingResult")
+        assert result.FirstOperand == first_clip
+        assert first_clip.FirstOperand == extrusion
+
+    def test_element_registers_result_in_bbim_boolean(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        wall = self.file.createIfcWall()
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+            element=wall,
+        )
+        pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(wall, "BBIM_Boolean")
+        assert pset is not None
+        assert result.id() in json.loads(pset["Data"])
+
+    def test_no_element_does_not_create_pset(self):
+        extrusion = self.make_extrusion()
+        wall = self.file.createIfcWall()
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.clip_solid_bounded(
+            self.file,
+            item=extrusion,
+            location=[2.5, 0.0, 2.0],
+            normal=[0.6, 0.0, 0.8],
+            boundary_points=[[2.0, 0.0], [3.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]],
+        )
+        assert ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(wall, "BBIM_Boolean") is None
+
+
+class TestClipSolidBoundedIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestClipSolidBounded):
+    pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_connect_element.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestConnectElement(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_connect_path.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestConnectPath(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
@@ -33,6 +33,18 @@ class TestConnectPath(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         assert rel.RelatedConnectionType == "ATEND"
         assert rel.Description == "MITRE"
 
+    def test_storing_connection_geometry(self):
+        wall1 = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall2 = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        geometry = self.file.create_entity("IfcConnectionPointGeometry")
+        rel = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.connect_path(
+            self.file,
+            relating_element=wall1,
+            related_element=wall2,
+            connection_geometry=geometry,
+        )
+        assert rel.ConnectionGeometry == geometry
+
     def test_doing_nothing_if_the_element_is_already_connected(self):
         wall1 = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
         wall2 = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_copy_representation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import ifcopenshell.util.representation
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestCopyRepresentation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def _body_context(self):
+        body = ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_context(self.file, "Model", "Body", "MODEL_VIEW")
+        if body is None:
+            model = self.file.createIfcGeometricRepresentationContext(
+                ContextType="Model",
+                CoordinateSpaceDimension=3,
+                Precision=1e-5,
+                WorldCoordinateSystem=self.file.createIfcAxis2Placement3D(
+                    self.file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+                ),
+            )
+            body = self.file.createIfcGeometricRepresentationSubContext(
+                ContextIdentifier="Body",
+                ContextType="Model",
+                TargetView="MODEL_VIEW",
+                ParentContext=model,
+            )
+        return body
+
+    def _add_body_rep(self, element):
+        body = self._body_context()
+        rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_wall_representation(
+            self.file, context=body, length=5.0, height=3.0, thickness=0.2
+        )
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.assign_representation(self.file, product=element, representation=rep)
+        return rep
+
+    def test_copy_to_empty_target(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        self._add_body_rep(wall_a)
+
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b)
+
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result.is_a("IfcShapeRepresentation")
+        target_rep = ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_representation(wall_b, "Model", "Body")
+        assert target_rep is not None
+        assert target_rep == result
+
+    def test_source_rep_entities_are_distinct(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        source_rep = self._add_body_rep(wall_a)
+
+        new_rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b)
+
+        assert new_rep.id() != source_rep.id()
+        assert new_rep.Items[0].id() != source_rep.Items[0].id()
+
+    def test_context_is_shared_not_copied(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        source_rep = self._add_body_rep(wall_a)
+
+        new_rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b)
+
+        assert new_rep.ContextOfItems.id() == source_rep.ContextOfItems.id()
+
+    def test_replaces_existing_target_rep(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        self._add_body_rep(wall_a)
+        old_rep = self._add_body_rep(wall_b)
+        old_rep_id = old_rep.id()
+
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b)
+
+        try:
+            self.file.by_id(old_rep_id)
+            assert False, "old representation still exists"
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass  # entity was removed, as expected
+
+    def test_source_unchanged_after_copy(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        source_rep = self._add_body_rep(wall_a)
+        source_rep_id = source_rep.id()
+
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b)
+
+        assert self.file.by_id(source_rep_id) is not None  # source must still exist
+        assert ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_representation(wall_a, "Model", "Body") is not None
+
+    def test_returns_none_when_no_matching_rep(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b)
+
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_custom_context_identifier(self):
+        wall_a = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        wall_b = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcWall")
+        self._add_body_rep(wall_a)
+
+        # "Axis" doesn't exist on wall_a, so should return None
+        result = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.copy_representation(
+            self.file, source=wall_a, target=wall_b, context_identifier="Axis"
+        )
+
+        assert result is None
+
+
+class TestCopyRepresentationIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestCopyRepresentation):
+    pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_disconnect_element.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestDisconnectElement(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_disconnect_path.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestDisconnectPath(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_edit_object_placement.py

@@ -18,16 +18,17 @@
 
 import numpy
 import pytest
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.feature
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
-import ifcopenshell.api.unit
-import ifcopenshell.api.system
-import ifcopenshell.api.spatial
-import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.aggregate
+import ifcopenshell.api.feature
+import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import ifcopenshell.api.spatial
+import ifcopenshell.api.system
+import ifcopenshell.api.unit
 import ifcopenshell.guid
 import ifcopenshell.util.placement
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditObjectPlacement(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_remove_boolean.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveBoolean(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_remove_representation.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveRepresentation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_unassign_representation.py

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
-import ifcopenshell.util.placement
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignRepresentation(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/geometry/test_validate_type.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestValidateType(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TestValidateType(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
 
         booleans = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second1])
         assert len(booleans) == 1
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 3
+        assert len(rep.Items) == 4
         assert ifcopenshell.api.geometry.validate_type(self.file, rep) is True
         assert len(rep.Items) == 1
         assert rep.RepresentationType == "CSG"
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ class TestValidateType(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
 
         booleans = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.add_boolean(self.file, first, [second1])
         assert len(booleans) == 1
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 2
+        assert len(rep.Items) == 3  # boolean replaced first, but second1 stays in Items
         assert ifcopenshell.api.geometry.validate_type(self.file, rep) is False
-        assert len(rep.Items) == 2
+        assert len(rep.Items) == 2  # validate_type unioned second1 into the boolean
         assert rep.RepresentationType is None
 
 

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/georeference/test_add_georeferencing.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.georeference
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddGeoreferencing(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
@@ -51,6 +51,38 @@ class TestAddGeoreferencing(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcMapConversion")) == 1
         assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcProjectedCRS")) == 1
 
+    def test_recovering_from_orphan_projected_crs(self):
+        ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
+        ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(self.file, "Model")
+        self.file.create_entity("IfcProjectedCRS", Name="EPSG:1234")
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcProjectedCRS")) == 1
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcCoordinateOperation")) == 0
+        ifcopenshell.api.georeference.add_georeferencing(self.file)
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcMapConversion")) == 1
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcProjectedCRS")) == 1
+
+    def test_recovering_from_orphan_coordinate_operation(self):
+        ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
+        context = ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(self.file, "Model")
+        self.file.create_entity(
+            "IfcMapConversion",
+            SourceCRS=context,
+            TargetCRS=self.file.create_entity("IfcProjectedCRS", Name="EPSG:1234"),
+        )
+        ifcopenshell.api.georeference.remove_georeferencing(self.file)
+        # Simulate orphan by re-adding just a conversion without CRS
+        self.file.create_entity(
+            "IfcMapConversion",
+            SourceCRS=context,
+            TargetCRS=self.file.create_entity("IfcProjectedCRS", Name="EPSG:1234"),
+        )
+        self.file.remove(self.file.by_type("IfcProjectedCRS")[0])
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcProjectedCRS")) == 0
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcCoordinateOperation")) == 1
+        ifcopenshell.api.georeference.add_georeferencing(self.file)
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcMapConversion")) == 1
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcProjectedCRS")) == 1
+
 
 class TestAddGeoreferencingIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3):
     def test_adding_georeferencing(self):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/georeference/test_edit_georeferencing.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.georeference
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditGeoreferencing(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/georeference/test_edit_true_north.py

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import numpy as np
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.georeference
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.geolocation
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditTrueNorth(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/georeference/test_edit_wcs.py

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import numpy as np
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.georeference
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.geolocation
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditWCS(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/georeference/test_remove_georeferencing.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.context
 import ifcopenshell.api.georeference
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveGeoreferencing(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/grid/test_create_grid_axis.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.grid
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestCreateGridAxis(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/grid/test_remove_grid_axis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2021 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.grid
+import test.bootstrap
+
+
+class TestRemoveGridAxis(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
+    def test_removing_an_axis_removes_its_curve(self):
+        grid = self.file.createIfcGrid()
+        axis = ifcopenshell.api.grid.create_grid_axis(
+            self.file, axis_tag="A", same_sense=True, uvw_axes="UAxes", grid=grid
+        )
+        axis.AxisCurve = self.file.createIfcPolyline([self.file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0, 0.0))])
+        axis2 = ifcopenshell.api.grid.create_grid_axis(
+            self.file, axis_tag="B", same_sense=True, uvw_axes="UAxes", grid=grid
+        )
+        axis2.AxisCurve = self.file.createIfcPolyline([self.file.createIfcCartesianPoint((1.0, 0.0, 0.0))])
+        ifcopenshell.api.grid.remove_grid_axis(self.file, axis=axis2)
+        assert grid.UAxes == (axis,)
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcGridAxis")) == 1
+        # The curve should be removed since it was only used by the removed axis.
+        assert len(self.file.by_type("IfcPolyline")) == 1
+
+    def test_removing_an_axis_preserves_shared_curve(self):
+        grid = self.file.createIfcGrid()
+        shared_curve = self.file.createIfcPolyline([self.file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0, 0.0))])
+        axis = ifcopenshell.api.grid.create_grid_axis(
+            self.file, axis_tag="A", same_sense=True, uvw_axes="UAxes", grid=grid
+        )
+        axis.AxisCurve = shared_curve
+        axis2 = ifcopenshell.api.grid.create_grid_axis(
+            self.file, axis_tag="B", same_sense=True, uvw_axes="UAxes", grid=grid
+        )
+        axis2.AxisCurve = shared_curve
+        ifcopenshell.api.grid.remove_grid_axis(self.file, axis=axis2)
+        assert grid.UAxes == (axis,)
+        # The shared curve should be preserved since it's still used by axis.
+        assert shared_curve in self.file
+        assert axis.AxisCurve == shared_curve
+
+
+class TestRemoveGridAxisIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3, TestRemoveGridAxis):
+    pass

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/group/test_add_group.py

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.group
-import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddGroup(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/group/test_assign_group.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.group
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignGroup(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/group/test_remove_group.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
+import ifcopenshell.api.group
 import ifcopenshell.api.pset
 import ifcopenshell.api.root
-import ifcopenshell.api.group
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveGroup(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/group/test_unassign_group.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.group
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignGroup(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/group/test_update_group_products.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
-import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.api.group
+import ifcopenshell.api.root
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUpdateGroupProductsIFC2X3(test.bootstrap.IFC2X3):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/layer/test_add_layer.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.layer
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddLayer(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/layer/test_add_layer_with_style.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.layer
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddLayerWithStyle(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/layer/test_assign_layer.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.layer
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignLayer(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/layer/test_unassign_layer.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.layer
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignLayer(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_add_library.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddLibrary(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_add_reference.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAddReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_assign_reference.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestAssignReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_edit_library.py

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import datetime
+
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
 import ifcopenshell.util.date
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditLibrary(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_edit_reference.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestEditReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_remove_library.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveLibrary(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_remove_reference.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestRemoveReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/library/test_unassign_reference.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 # along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-import test.bootstrap
 import ifcopenshell.api.library
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
+import test.bootstrap
 
 
 class TestUnassignReference(test.bootstrap.IFC4):