Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/v0.8.0' into ifcviewer-wgpu

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_add_segment_to_layout.py

@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ def test_add_segment_to_layout():
 
     alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "")
 
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
     assert (
-        len(referent_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
+        len(stationing_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
     )  # the alignment creates the stationing nest and it has one referent to defined the stationing for the alignment
 
     horizontal_alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
@@ -84,5 +84,8 @@ def test_add_segment_to_layout():
     assert len(horizontal_alignment.IsNestedBy) == 1
     segment_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(horizontal_alignment)
     assert len(segment_nest.RelatedObjects) == 2
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
-    assert len(referent_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1  # test this a second time to make sure that it is still true
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
+    assert len(stationing_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1  # test this a second time to make sure that it is still true
+
+
+test_add_segment_to_layout()

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_add_stationing_to_alignment.py

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ def test_add_stationing_to_alignment():
 
     alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "TestAlignment", start_station=2000.0)
 
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
-    referent = referent_nest.RelatedObjects[0]
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
+    referent = stationing_nest.RelatedObjects[0]
 
     assert referent.PredefinedType == "STATION"
     assert referent.Name == "2+000.000"
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ def test_add_stationing_to_alignment():
         file, "4+000.000", alignment, distance_along=1000.0, station=4000.0, incoming_station=3000.0
     )
 
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
-    assert len(referent_nest.RelatedObjects) == 2
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
+    assert len(stationing_nest.RelatedObjects) == 2
 
-    assert second_referent == referent_nest.RelatedObjects[1]
+    assert second_referent == stationing_nest.RelatedObjects[1]
 
     assert second_referent.PredefinedType == "STATION"
     assert second_referent.Name == "4+000.000"

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_add_vertical_alignment.py

@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ def test_add_vertical_alignment():
     layout_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_layout_nest(alignment)
     assert len(layout_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
     assert layout_nest.RelatedObjects[0].is_a("IfcAlignmentHorizontal")
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
     assert (
-        len(referent_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
+        len(stationing_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
     )  # the alignment creates the stationing nest and it has one referent to defined the stationing for the alignment
-    assert referent_nest.RelatedObjects[0].is_a("IfcReferent")
+    assert stationing_nest.RelatedObjects[0].is_a("IfcReferent")
 
     curve = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_curve(alignment)
     assert curve.is_a("IfcCompositeCurve")

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_create_by_pi_method.py

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ def test_create_by_pi_method():
     layout_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_layout_nest(alignment)
     assert len(layout_nest.RelatedObjects) == 2
 
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
-    assert len(referent_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
+    assert len(stationing_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
 
     horizontal_layout = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
     horizontal_segment_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(horizontal_layout)

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_horizontal_layout_by_pi_method.py

@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ def test_horizontal_layout_by_pi_method():
 
     assert len(alignment.IsDecomposedBy) == 0  # no child alignments
     assert len(alignment.IsNestedBy) == 2
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
     layout_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_layout_nest(alignment)
-    assert referent_nest.RelatedObjects[0].is_a("IfcReferent")
+    assert stationing_nest.RelatedObjects[0].is_a("IfcReferent")
     assert layout_nest.RelatedObjects[0].is_a("IfcAlignmentHorizontal")
     segment_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(layout_nest.RelatedObjects[0])
     assert len(segment_nest.RelatedObjects) == 3  # segments in horizontal layout

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_referent_names.py

@@ -102,19 +102,50 @@ def callback_alignment():
     yield alignment
 
 
+def _label(name):
+    return name.rsplit("(", 1)[1].rstrip(")")
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not IFC4X3_AVAILABLE, reason="IFC4X3 not available")
 def test_with_default_names(default_names_alignment):
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(None, default_names_alignment)
+    file = default_names_alignment.file
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(default_names_alignment)
+    vertical = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_vertical_layout(default_names_alignment)
 
-    expected = ["P.O.B", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.O.E.", "V.P.O.B.", "P.V.C.", "P.V.T.", "V.P.O.E"]
-    for r in referent_nest.RelatedObjects:
-        assert [x in r.Name for x in expected]
+    h_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    v_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, vertical)
+
+    expected_h = ["P.O.B.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.O.E."]
+    expected_v = [
+        "V.P.O.B.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "V.P.O.E.",
+    ]
+
+    assert [_label(r.Name) for r in h_nest.RelatedObjects] == expected_h
+    assert [_label(r.Name) for r in v_nest.RelatedObjects] == expected_v
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not IFC4X3_AVAILABLE, reason="IFC4X3 not available")
 def test_with_callbacks(callback_alignment):
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(None, callback_alignment)
+    file = callback_alignment.file
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(callback_alignment)
+    vertical = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_vertical_layout(callback_alignment)
 
-    expected = ["A", "Q", "Z", "a", "q", "z"]
-    for r in referent_nest.RelatedObjects:
-        assert [x in r.Name for x in expected]
+    h_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    v_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, vertical)
+
+    expected_h = ["A", "Q", "Q", "Q", "Q", "Q", "Q", "Z"]
+    expected_v = ["a", "q", "q", "q", "q", "q", "q", "q", "q", "z"]
+
+    assert [_label(r.Name) for r in h_nest.RelatedObjects] == expected_h
+    assert [_label(r.Name) for r in v_nest.RelatedObjects] == expected_v
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.register_referent_name_callback(None, None, None)  # reset global state

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags.py

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2025 Thomas Krijnen <thomas@aecgeeks.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import pytest
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
+import ifcopenshell.api.context
+import ifcopenshell.api.unit
+import ifcopenshell.util.alignment
+
+COORDINATES = [(500.0, 2500.0), (3340.0, 660.0), (4340.0, 5000.0), (7600.0, 4560.0), (8480.0, 2010.0)]
+RADII = [1000.0, 1250.0, 950.0]
+VPOINTS = [(0.0, 100.0), (2000.0, 135.0), (5000.0, 105.0), (7400.0, 153.0), (9800.0, 105.0), (12800.0, 90.0)]
+LENGTHS = [1600.0, 1200.0, 2000.0, 800.0]
+
+
+def _new_file():
+    file = ifcopenshell.file(schema="IFC4X3")
+    file.createIfcProject(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(), Name="Test")
+    length = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT")
+    ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(file, units=[length])
+    geometric_representation_context = ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(file, context_type="Model")
+    ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(
+        file,
+        context_type="Model",
+        context_identifier="Axis",
+        target_view="MODEL_VIEW",
+        parent=geometric_representation_context,
+    )
+    return file
+
+
+def _new_file_no_context():
+    file = ifcopenshell.file(schema="IFC4X3")
+    file.createIfcProject(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(), Name="Test")
+    length = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT")
+    ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(file, units=[length])
+    return file
+
+
+def _build_alignment(file, start_station=0.0):
+    return ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_by_pi_method(
+        file, "TestAlignment", COORDINATES, RADII, VPOINTS, LENGTHS, start_station
+    )
+
+
+def _real_segments(layout):
+    segments = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_layout_segments(layout)
+    return segments[:-1] if ifcopenshell.api.alignment.has_zero_length_segment(layout) else segments
+
+
+def _label(tag):
+    return tag.rsplit("(", 1)[1].rstrip(")")
+
+
+def test_wrong_layout_type_raises_type_error():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, alignment)
+
+
+def test_not_nested_under_alignment_raises_value_error():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    horizontal = file.createIfcAlignmentHorizontal(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new())
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal)
+
+
+def test_returns_none():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    result = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal)
+
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_no_referents_or_rel_nests_created():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    referents_before = len(file.by_type("IfcReferent"))
+    rel_nests_before = len(file.by_type("IfcRelNests"))
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal)
+
+    assert len(file.by_type("IfcReferent")) == referents_before
+    assert len(file.by_type("IfcRelNests")) == rel_nests_before
+
+
+def test_no_real_segments_leaves_tags_none():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_geometry=False)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    result = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal)
+
+    assert result is None
+    segments = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_layout_segments(horizontal)
+    assert len(segments) == 1  # only the auto zero-length segment
+    assert segments[0].DesignParameters.StartTag is None
+    assert segments[0].DesignParameters.EndTag is None
+
+
+def test_single_real_segment_produces_only_boundary_tags():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_geometry=False)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    design_parameters = file.createIfcAlignmentHorizontalSegment(
+        StartTag=None,
+        EndTag=None,
+        StartPoint=file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0)),
+        StartDirection=0.0,
+        StartRadiusOfCurvature=0.0,
+        EndRadiusOfCurvature=0.0,
+        SegmentLength=100.0,
+        GravityCenterLineHeight=None,
+        PredefinedType="LINE",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, horizontal, design_parameters)
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal, label_end_tag=True)
+
+    segments = _real_segments(horizontal)
+    assert len(segments) == 1
+    dp = segments[0].DesignParameters
+    assert _label(dp.StartTag) == "P.O.B."
+    assert _label(dp.EndTag) == "P.O.E."
+
+
+def test_end_tag_not_labelled_by_default():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_geometry=False)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    design_parameters = file.createIfcAlignmentHorizontalSegment(
+        StartTag=None,
+        EndTag=None,
+        StartPoint=file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0)),
+        StartDirection=0.0,
+        StartRadiusOfCurvature=0.0,
+        EndRadiusOfCurvature=0.0,
+        SegmentLength=100.0,
+        GravityCenterLineHeight=None,
+        PredefinedType="LINE",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, horizontal, design_parameters)
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal)
+
+    segments = _real_segments(horizontal)
+    assert len(segments) == 1
+    dp = segments[0].DesignParameters
+    assert _label(dp.StartTag) == "P.O.B."
+    assert dp.EndTag is None
+
+
+def test_horizontal_tag_labels_and_adjacency():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal, label_end_tag=True)
+
+    segments = _real_segments(horizontal)
+    assert len(segments) == 7
+
+    start_labels = [_label(s.DesignParameters.StartTag) for s in segments]
+    end_labels = [_label(s.DesignParameters.EndTag) for s in segments]
+
+    assert start_labels == ["P.O.B.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T."]
+    assert end_labels == ["P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.O.E."]
+
+    # every real segment has both tags set
+    assert all(s.DesignParameters.StartTag is not None for s in segments)
+    assert all(s.DesignParameters.EndTag is not None for s in segments)
+
+    # adjacent segments agree on the tag describing their shared transition point
+    for i in range(len(segments) - 1):
+        assert segments[i].DesignParameters.EndTag == segments[i + 1].DesignParameters.StartTag
+
+
+def test_vertical_tag_labels_and_adjacency():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    vertical = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_vertical_layout(alignment)
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, vertical, label_end_tag=True)
+
+    segments = _real_segments(vertical)
+    assert len(segments) == 9
+
+    start_labels = [_label(s.DesignParameters.StartTag) for s in segments]
+    end_labels = [_label(s.DesignParameters.EndTag) for s in segments]
+
+    assert start_labels == [
+        "V.P.O.B.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+    ]
+    assert end_labels == [
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "V.P.O.E.",
+    ]
+
+    assert all(s.DesignParameters.StartTag is not None for s in segments)
+    assert all(s.DesignParameters.EndTag is not None for s in segments)
+
+    for i in range(len(segments) - 1):
+        assert segments[i].DesignParameters.EndTag == segments[i + 1].DesignParameters.StartTag
+
+
+def test_cant_layout_boundary_tags():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_cant=True, include_geometry=False)
+    cant = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_cant_layout(alignment)
+
+    dp1 = file.createIfcAlignmentCantSegment(
+        StartDistAlong=0.0,
+        HorizontalLength=100.0,
+        StartCantLeft=0.0,
+        EndCantLeft=0.0,
+        StartCantRight=0.0,
+        EndCantRight=0.0,
+        PredefinedType="CONSTANTCANT",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, cant, dp1)
+
+    dp2 = file.createIfcAlignmentCantSegment(
+        StartDistAlong=100.0,
+        HorizontalLength=50.0,
+        StartCantLeft=0.0,
+        EndCantLeft=0.0,
+        StartCantRight=0.0,
+        EndCantRight=0.0,
+        PredefinedType="CONSTANTCANT",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, cant, dp2)
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, cant, label_end_tag=True)
+
+    segments = _real_segments(cant)
+    assert _label(segments[0].DesignParameters.StartTag) == "C.P.O.B."
+    assert _label(segments[-1].DesignParameters.EndTag) == "C.P.O.E."
+    # CONSTANTCANT -> CONSTANTCANT is currently an unfilled "xx" placeholder in the cant lookup
+    # table (_get_segment_start_point_label.py) -- out of scope to fill in here.
+    assert _label(segments[0].DesignParameters.EndTag) == "xx"
+    assert _label(segments[-1].DesignParameters.StartTag) == "xx"
+
+
+def test_exact_tag_format():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_alignment_parameter_segment_tags(file, horizontal)
+
+    start_station = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_start_station(file, alignment)
+    segments = _real_segments(horizontal)
+    assert segments[0].DesignParameters.StartTag == (
+        f"{ifcopenshell.util.alignment.station_as_string(file, start_station)} (P.O.B.)"
+    )
+
+
+test_wrong_layout_type_raises_type_error()
+test_not_nested_under_alignment_raises_value_error()
+test_returns_none()
+test_no_referents_or_rel_nests_created()
+test_no_real_segments_leaves_tags_none()
+test_single_real_segment_produces_only_boundary_tags()
+test_end_tag_not_labelled_by_default()
+test_horizontal_tag_labels_and_adjacency()
+test_vertical_tag_labels_and_adjacency()
+test_cant_layout_boundary_tags()
+test_exact_tag_format()

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_update_key_point_referents.py

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+# IfcOpenShell - IFC toolkit and geometry engine
+# Copyright (C) 2025 Thomas Krijnen <thomas@aecgeeks.com>
+#
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with IfcOpenShell.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+from collections import Counter
+
+import pytest
+
+import ifcopenshell.api.alignment
+import ifcopenshell.api.context
+import ifcopenshell.api.unit
+import ifcopenshell.util.alignment
+import ifcopenshell.util.element
+
+COORDINATES = [(500.0, 2500.0), (3340.0, 660.0), (4340.0, 5000.0), (7600.0, 4560.0), (8480.0, 2010.0)]
+RADII = [1000.0, 1250.0, 950.0]
+VPOINTS = [(0.0, 100.0), (2000.0, 135.0), (5000.0, 105.0), (7400.0, 153.0), (9800.0, 105.0), (12800.0, 90.0)]
+LENGTHS = [1600.0, 1200.0, 2000.0, 800.0]
+
+
+def _new_file():
+    file = ifcopenshell.file(schema="IFC4X3")
+    file.createIfcProject(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(), Name="Test")
+    length = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT")
+    ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(file, units=[length])
+    geometric_representation_context = ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(file, context_type="Model")
+    ifcopenshell.api.context.add_context(
+        file,
+        context_type="Model",
+        context_identifier="Axis",
+        target_view="MODEL_VIEW",
+        parent=geometric_representation_context,
+    )
+    return file
+
+
+def _new_file_no_context():
+    file = ifcopenshell.file(schema="IFC4X3")
+    file.createIfcProject(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(), Name="Test")
+    length = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(file, unit_type="LENGTHUNIT")
+    ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(file, units=[length])
+    return file
+
+
+def _build_alignment(file, start_station=0.0):
+    return ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_by_pi_method(
+        file, "TestAlignment", COORDINATES, RADII, VPOINTS, LENGTHS, start_station
+    )
+
+
+def _pset_station(referent):
+    return ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(referent, name="Pset_Stationing", prop="Station")
+
+
+def _label(name):
+    return name.rsplit("(", 1)[1].rstrip(")")
+
+
+def test_wrong_layout_type_raises_type_error():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, alignment)
+
+
+def test_default_rel_nests_created_when_none_provided():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+    segment_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(horizontal)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+
+    assert nest.is_a("IfcRelNests")
+    assert nest.RelatingObject == alignment
+    assert nest.id() != segment_nest.id()
+    assert len(nest.RelatedObjects) == 8
+    assert all(r.is_a("IfcReferent") for r in nest.RelatedObjects)
+
+
+def test_second_call_without_rel_nests_creates_separate_nest():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+    segment_count_before = len(ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(horizontal).RelatedObjects)
+
+    nest1 = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    nest2 = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+
+    assert nest1.id() != nest2.id()
+    assert len(nest1.RelatedObjects) == 8
+    assert len(nest2.RelatedObjects) == 8
+    segment_count_after = len(ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(horizontal).RelatedObjects)
+    assert segment_count_after == segment_count_before
+
+
+def test_passing_previous_nest_back_in_accumulates():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest1 = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    nest2 = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal, rel_nests=nest1)
+
+    assert nest1.id() == nest2.id()
+    assert len(nest2.RelatedObjects) == 16
+
+
+def test_provided_rel_nests_is_used_as_is():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    # rel_nests.RelatingObject must be the IfcAlignment that nests `layout`
+    rel_nests = file.createIfcRelNests(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(), RelatingObject=alignment, RelatedObjects=())
+
+    result = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal, rel_nests=rel_nests)
+
+    assert result.id() == rel_nests.id()
+    assert result.RelatingObject == alignment
+    assert len(result.RelatedObjects) == 8
+
+
+def test_provided_rel_nests_with_wrong_relating_object_raises_type_error():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    rel_nests = file.createIfcRelNests(GlobalId=ifcopenshell.guid.new(), RelatingObject=horizontal, RelatedObjects=())
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal, rel_nests=rel_nests)
+
+
+def test_clear_true_removes_old_referents_and_psets():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    old_referent_ids = [r.id() for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+    old_pset_ids = [r.IsDefinedBy[0].RelatingPropertyDefinition.id() for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal, rel_nests=nest, clear=True)
+
+    assert len(nest.RelatedObjects) == 8
+    for old_id in old_referent_ids + old_pset_ids:
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            file.by_id(old_id)
+
+
+def test_clear_false_appends_without_dedup():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal, rel_nests=nest, clear=False)
+
+    assert len(nest.RelatedObjects) == 16
+    counts = Counter(r.Name for r in nest.RelatedObjects)
+    assert len(counts) == 8
+    assert all(count == 2 for count in counts.values())
+
+
+def test_default_horizontal_labels_and_order():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+
+    expected = ["P.O.B.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.C.", "P.T.", "P.O.E."]
+    assert [_label(r.Name) for r in nest.RelatedObjects] == expected
+
+    stations = [_pset_station(r) for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+    assert stations == sorted(stations)
+    assert stations[0] == 0.0
+
+
+def test_default_vertical_labels_and_order():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    vertical = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_vertical_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, vertical)
+
+    expected = [
+        "V.P.O.B.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "P.V.C.",
+        "P.V.T.",
+        "V.P.O.E.",
+    ]
+    assert [_label(r.Name) for r in nest.RelatedObjects] == expected
+
+    segments = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_layout_segments(vertical)
+    real_segments = segments[:-1] if ifcopenshell.api.alignment.has_zero_length_segment(vertical) else segments
+    # spot check the interior referents' stations against the segments' StartDistAlong directly
+    for referent, segment in zip(nest.RelatedObjects[1:-1], real_segments[1:]):
+        assert _pset_station(referent) == pytest.approx(segment.DesignParameters.StartDistAlong)
+
+
+def test_name_format():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    referent = nest.RelatedObjects[0]
+    station = _pset_station(referent)
+    assert referent.Name == f"{alignment.Name} {ifcopenshell.util.alignment.station_as_string(file, station)} (P.O.B.)"
+
+
+def test_geometric_placement_when_layout_has_representation():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+    curve = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_layout_curve(horizontal)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+
+    for referent in nest.RelatedObjects:
+        assert referent.ObjectPlacement.is_a("IfcLinearPlacement")
+        location = referent.ObjectPlacement.RelativePlacement.Location
+        assert location.is_a("IfcPointByDistanceExpression")
+        assert location.BasisCurve == curve
+        assert referent.ObjectPlacement.CartesianPosition is not None
+
+    first, last = nest.RelatedObjects[0], nest.RelatedObjects[-1]
+    assert first.ObjectPlacement.RelativePlacement.Location.DistanceAlong.wrappedValue == pytest.approx(0.0)
+    assert last.ObjectPlacement.RelativePlacement.Location.DistanceAlong.wrappedValue == pytest.approx(
+        _pset_station(last)
+    )
+
+
+def test_fallback_placement_when_layout_has_no_geometry():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_geometry=False)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.layout_horizontal_alignment_by_pi_method(file, horizontal, COORDINATES, RADII)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+
+    expected_coordinates = alignment.ObjectPlacement.RelativePlacement.Location.Coordinates
+    for referent in nest.RelatedObjects:
+        assert referent.ObjectPlacement.is_a("IfcLocalPlacement")
+        assert referent.ObjectPlacement.RelativePlacement.Location.Coordinates == expected_coordinates
+
+
+def test_cant_layout_boundary_labels():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_cant=True, include_geometry=False)
+    cant = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_cant_layout(alignment)
+
+    dp1 = file.createIfcAlignmentCantSegment(
+        StartDistAlong=0.0,
+        HorizontalLength=100.0,
+        StartCantLeft=0.0,
+        EndCantLeft=0.0,
+        StartCantRight=0.0,
+        EndCantRight=0.0,
+        PredefinedType="CONSTANTCANT",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, cant, dp1)
+
+    dp2 = file.createIfcAlignmentCantSegment(
+        StartDistAlong=100.0,
+        HorizontalLength=50.0,
+        StartCantLeft=0.0,
+        EndCantLeft=0.0,
+        StartCantRight=0.0,
+        EndCantRight=0.0,
+        PredefinedType="CONSTANTCANT",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, cant, dp2)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, cant)
+
+    labels = [_label(r.Name) for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+    assert labels[0] == "C.P.O.B."
+    assert labels[-1] == "C.P.O.E."
+    # CONSTANTCANT -> CONSTANTCANT is currently an unfilled "xx" placeholder in the cant lookup
+    # table (_get_segment_start_point_label.py) -- out of scope to fill in here.
+    assert labels[1] == "xx"
+
+    stations = [_pset_station(r) for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+    assert stations == [0.0, 100.0, 150.0]
+
+
+def test_no_real_segments_produces_no_referents():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_geometry=False)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    assert nest.RelatedObjects == ()
+
+
+def test_single_real_segment_produces_only_boundary_labels():
+    file = _new_file_no_context()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_geometry=False)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    design_parameters = file.createIfcAlignmentHorizontalSegment(
+        StartTag=None,
+        EndTag=None,
+        StartPoint=file.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0)),
+        StartDirection=0.0,
+        StartRadiusOfCurvature=0.0,
+        EndRadiusOfCurvature=0.0,
+        SegmentLength=100.0,
+        GravityCenterLineHeight=None,
+        PredefinedType="LINE",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, horizontal, design_parameters)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    labels = [_label(r.Name) for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+    assert labels == ["P.O.B.", "P.O.E."]
+
+
+def test_start_station_composes_for_child_alignment():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create(file, "A1", include_vertical=False, start_station=100.0)
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.add_vertical_layout(file, alignment)
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.add_vertical_layout(file, alignment)  # forces the child-alignment split
+
+    child_alignment = alignment.IsDecomposedBy[0].RelatedObjects[-1]
+    child_vertical = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_vertical_layout(child_alignment)
+
+    dp1 = file.createIfcAlignmentVerticalSegment(
+        StartDistAlong=0.0,
+        HorizontalLength=500.0,
+        StartHeight=10.0,
+        StartGradient=0.01,
+        EndGradient=0.01,
+        PredefinedType="CONSTANTGRADIENT",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, child_vertical, dp1)
+
+    dp2 = file.createIfcAlignmentVerticalSegment(
+        StartDistAlong=500.0,
+        HorizontalLength=300.0,
+        StartHeight=15.0,
+        StartGradient=0.01,
+        EndGradient=0.01,
+        PredefinedType="CONSTANTGRADIENT",
+    )
+    ifcopenshell.api.alignment.create_layout_segment(file, child_vertical, dp2)
+
+    nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, child_vertical)
+    stations = [_pset_station(r) for r in nest.RelatedObjects]
+    assert stations == pytest.approx([100.0, 600.0, 900.0])
+
+
+def test_returns_ifc_rel_nests():
+    file = _new_file()
+    alignment = _build_alignment(file)
+    horizontal = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_horizontal_layout(alignment)
+
+    result = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.update_key_point_referents(file, horizontal)
+    assert result.is_a("IfcRelNests")
+
+
+test_wrong_layout_type_raises_type_error()
+test_default_rel_nests_created_when_none_provided()
+test_second_call_without_rel_nests_creates_separate_nest()
+test_passing_previous_nest_back_in_accumulates()
+test_provided_rel_nests_is_used_as_is()
+test_provided_rel_nests_with_wrong_relating_object_raises_type_error()
+test_clear_true_removes_old_referents_and_psets()
+test_clear_false_appends_without_dedup()
+test_default_horizontal_labels_and_order()
+test_default_vertical_labels_and_order()
+test_name_format()
+test_geometric_placement_when_layout_has_representation()
+test_fallback_placement_when_layout_has_no_geometry()
+test_cant_layout_boundary_labels()
+test_no_real_segments_produces_no_referents()
+test_single_real_segment_produces_only_boundary_labels()
+test_start_station_composes_for_child_alignment()
+test_returns_ifc_rel_nests()

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/api/alignment/test_vertical_layout_by_pi_method.py

@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ def test_vertical_layout_by_pi_method():
     layout_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_layout_nest(alignment)
     assert len(layout_nest.RelatedObjects) == 2
 
-    referent_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_referent_nest(file, alignment)
-    assert len(referent_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
+    stationing_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_stationing_nest(file, alignment)
+    assert len(stationing_nest.RelatedObjects) == 1
 
     segment_nest = ifcopenshell.api.alignment.get_alignment_segment_nest(vlayout)
     assert len(segment_nest.RelatedObjects) == 3

src/ifcopenshell-python/test/util/test_unit.py

@@ -200,6 +200,31 @@ class TestCalculateUnitScale(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
         ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(self.file, units=[angle])
         assert subject.calculate_unit_scale(self.file, "PLANEANGLEUNIT") == pi / 180 * 0.001
 
+    def test_prefix_is_raised_to_the_length_exponent_for_area_and_volume(self):
+        # A prefixed square/cubic metre is (prefix-metre) squared/cubed:
+        # DECI SQUARE_METRE = dm2 = 1e-2 m2, DECI CUBIC_METRE = dm3 (litre) = 1e-3 m3.
+        # https://github.com/IfcOpenShell/IfcOpenShell/issues/9278
+        ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
+        area = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="AREAUNIT")
+        area.Prefix = "DECI"
+        volume = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="VOLUMEUNIT")
+        volume.Prefix = "DECI"
+        ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(self.file, units=[area, volume])
+        assert subject.calculate_unit_scale(self.file, "AREAUNIT") == pytest.approx(0.1**2)
+        assert subject.calculate_unit_scale(self.file, "VOLUMEUNIT") == pytest.approx(0.1**3)
+
+    def test_prefix_stays_linear_for_units_that_are_not_a_pure_power_of_length(self):
+        # For derived and non-length SI units the prefix scales the unit itself:
+        # KILO PASCAL = 1e3 Pa, KILO GRAM = 1e3 g.
+        ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(self.file, ifc_class="IfcProject")
+        pressure = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="PRESSUREUNIT")
+        pressure.Prefix = "KILO"
+        mass = ifcopenshell.api.unit.add_si_unit(self.file, unit_type="MASSUNIT")
+        mass.Prefix = "KILO"
+        ifcopenshell.api.unit.assign_unit(self.file, units=[pressure, mass])
+        assert subject.calculate_unit_scale(self.file, "PRESSUREUNIT") == pytest.approx(1000)
+        assert subject.calculate_unit_scale(self.file, "MASSUNIT") == pytest.approx(1000)
+
 
 class TestFormatLength(test.bootstrap.IFC4):
     def test_run(self):