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10 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Dion Moult
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c3a55d7f7b |
wgpu streaming: multi-pool growth, frustum-only residency, sorted convergence
Five interlocking fixes that take --streaming on the big federation scene from "5 fps + endless flicker + infinite cold-load" to a stable 35-49 fps with a converged working set. 1. Multi-sub-buffer WgpuBufferPool. Pool now grows lazily by adding sub-buffers of per_sub_buffer_capacity_ when alloc demand exceeds existing free runs. Each Slice carries (buffer, offset, size, sub_idx). On driver refusal of addSubBuffer, growth_disabled_ latches so subsequent allocs don't keep retrying and log-spamming. pool_can_fit consults can_grow() to know when growth could rescue a candidate vs when eviction is the only path. 2. Split cull / stream benchmark timers. The previous "cull[wall]" metric was actually cull + driveStreamingLoads, blaming the wrong subsystem (~170 ms of "cull" was synchronous disk I/O). 3. frustum_visible_count on Chunk, populated in cullModelCpuCompute right after the per-instance aabbInFrustum check. driveStreamingLoads now keys residency on this instead of total_visible_draws (which includes contribution + HiZ). HiZ visibility flips frame-to-frame as occluders shift; using it for residency caused chunks to be evicted then immediately re-loaded, every frame, even with a stationary camera — both the perf cliff and the visible flicker. 4. Distance-sorted candidates in driveStreamingLoads. Walk the non-resident frustum-visible chunks in distance order (closest first). With sorted processing, evict_farthest_than converges monotonically: each swap replaces a far resident with a closer candidate; once the next candidate is farther than every remaining resident, the loop exits. Without sorting the loader visited candidates in model/chunk-id order, swapping random chunks every frame without ever converging. 5. 10% eviction hysteresis (EVICT_DIST2_RATIO = 1.21). On scenes where many chunks are clustered at similar distance from the camera (e.g. several chunks all ~370 m away), naive "evict any resident strictly farther than candidate" triggers sub-meter swaps every frame, never resting. Requiring the victim to be 10% farther in linear distance kills these cycles while still allowing genuine "much closer" candidates to evict. Plus: latched bench_warm_done_ on the cold-load gate, with a 5-frames-of-zero-loads convergence test (default-camera big scene converges in 20 frames) and a 600-frame timeout fallback that prints exactly once. Measured on the test federation (111 sidecars, ~3 GB raw, 1 M instances) with the user's close-in camera: - avg 35 fps (was 5), median 49 fps (was 7) - cull 19 ms (now the bottleneck), stream 5-8 ms (was 172) - p99 184 ms — occasional big-chunk load on the render thread; background-thread I/O would smooth that out as a follow-up. With the default wide camera: - avg 40 fps, converges in 20 frames, residency grows naturally from 59 → 76 chunks as orbit shifts the frustum. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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Dion Moult
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502c29fbc2 |
wgpu: probed-size pool replaces per-chunk createBuffer
Drops the per-machine "guess the OOM ceiling" budget knob in favour of a single buffer pool whose capacity is *probed* at device-init time. The runtime answers the question: descend from min(maxBufferSize, 4 GB) through OOM error scopes, accept the largest size that allocates cleanly. On a desktop wgpu-native v29 box this lands at 2 GB; on browser-class platforms it'll land at 256 MB – 1 GB depending on the implementation. Same code path either way. Architecture: - WgpuBufferPool (new): single WGPUBuffer + free-list sub-allocator with adjacent-range coalescing and first-fit. 256 B alignment for storage-binding offsets. - Chunks now hold (pool_vertex_offset, pool_vertex_size) and (pool_index_offset, pool_index_size) instead of per-chunk WGPUBuffer handles. Load = pool.alloc + queueWriteBuffer. Unload = pool.free. - Bind groups bind pool_.buffer() at the chunk's specific (offset, size) for both the vertex and index storage bindings. - Eviction queries pool.largest_free_run_bytes() instead of a tracked budget; the two-phase LRU/distance evictor's policy is unchanged. What this fixes: - No more gpu-alloc-rs fragmentation OOM: one VkDeviceMemory block instead of N per-chunk blocks with rounding overhead. On the test dataset (~3 GB on disk, 562 k visible instances) the wgpu backend now runs through to render without OOM at any point. - No --streaming-vram-mb knob, no hardcoded budget constant, no per-machine calibration. The pool size adapts to whatever the runtime grants. Notes: - Error scope probing: wgpu-native v29 classifies "Not enough memory left" as WGPUErrorType_Validation, not OutOfMemory. We push both filters (nested) and treat either firing as probe failure. - The 4 GB probe cap is principled, not magic: above that, wgpu-native's advertised maxBufferSize is sometimes a sentinel (1 TB) that just forces wasteful halving steps. 4 GB is the largest buffer any realistic WebGPU implementation will grant a single allocation today. - Pool destroy()/release happens after model release in shutdown() so the underlying buffer outlives every bind group that references it. Follow-ups: spatial chunking (task #22) for finer eviction granularity; cull perf needs work at 100+ models / 1M+ instances (separate from streaming concerns). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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Dion Moult
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71e61dd8a5 |
wgpu streaming (5/4): per-chunk indices + LRU/distance eviction (stopgap)
Defers index buffers per-chunk (alongside vertex bytes) so streaming fully delivers on its "don't load until visible" contract — the previous per-model index buffer was upfront-loaded and tipped scenes >~1.5 GB into allocator OOM at frame 1. Adds residency tracking + a two-phase evictor: (1) drop LRU non-visible chunks first, (2) if everything resident is visible-this-frame, drop the farthest-from-eye chunk only when the candidate to load is closer. This gives monotonic convergence to "closest visible chunks fit the budget" instead of "first 4 win, rest never load." Default budget set to 1 GB — explicitly a stopgap, documented inline. The per-machine OOM ceiling on wgpu-native (caused by allocator fragmentation from one VkDeviceMemory per createBuffer call) cannot be solved by tuning this knob. The proper fix is a probed single-pool buffer with sub-allocation, tracked under task #16. Caveat: LOD1 indices are now force-disabled when chunking — per-chunk buffers only carry LOD0. Re-enabling needs LOD1 to participate in the chunk plan. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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Dion Moult
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d368ee449d |
wgpu streaming (2/4): per-chunk residency fields on WgpuModelGpuData
Foundation for streaming. Adds to each Chunk:
- is_resident (default true; streaming flips false initially)
- vertex_byte_offset / vertex_byte_size in the sidecar file
- aabb_min / aabb_max world-space chunk bounds (used by future cull
and streaming priority)
Plus on the model:
- streaming_file_path (non-empty = streaming path was used)
- streaming_vertex_section_offset (where the chunks live in the file)
All fields default to backward-compatible values: is_resident=true,
streaming_file_path empty. The existing non-streaming applyCachedModel
sets up a Chunk with is_resident=true (implicit) and ignores the
streaming fields, so no behaviour changes yet.
Commit 3/4 wires the metadata-only reader from (1/4) through a new
applyCachedModelStreaming path that flips is_resident=false initially;
commit 4/4 adds the per-frame loader that brings chunks resident on
demand. This commit is verified pixel-identical to the previous render
on basic.ifc.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Dion Moult
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a1693259b8 |
wgpu backend: BVH cull (opt-in via --bvh, default off)
Stage 15 implementation lands but doesn't pay off as default-on. On a 562k-instance / 18-model scene with a centred camera, the BVH walk adds ~10 ms of cull cost without rejecting enough subtrees to compensate — every interior node's AABB straddles the frustum, so descents go all the way to leaves anyway. Linear scan beats it by that 10 ms. GL's BVH works better mainly because they do full cull (frustum + HiZ + contribution) at every node — their per-test cost is lower (likely SIMD-vectorised) and they get more subtree rejections. My current impl does frustum-only at interior nodes (HiZ there cost more than it saved on the smaller dataset). For now, gate the whole BVH walk behind --bvh, default off. The infrastructure (BvhAccel build at applyCachedModel, walk in cull, release) stays in place so it's a one-flag toggle to measure either side. Real default-on requires further tuning — see updated task #15. Measured on 562k-instance scene: --bvh on → 25.9ms total (cull 25.4ms) --bvh off → 15.4ms total (cull 14.5ms) ← default For comparison, GL on the same scene + camera: GL → 18.2ms total (cull 8.5ms wall, multi-threaded BVH) Net: wgpu beats GL by ~3ms total despite slower cull, because the GPU side (no edge-pass cost, async HiZ readback, lean main pipeline) gives back more than the cull deficit. Also added task #17 (GPU compute-shader cull) as the asymptotic answer — both backends hit CPU cull as the ceiling on ≥500k scenes; moving it to a compute shader drops it to sub-ms regardless. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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Dion Moult
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7dc13eb104 |
wgpu backend: chunk vertex storage to fit browser limits + settle frame
Two pieces: 1. Per-chunk vertex storage (stage 13) WebGPU mandates maxStorageBufferBindingSize ≥ 128 MB. Real BIM models routinely exceed that (one of yours is 139 MB vertex). Without chunking, every browser load would fail with "exceeds max_storage_buffer_binding_size". Strategy: each model's vertex data is split into ≤ 128 MB chunks at applyCachedModel time. Each chunk gets its own vertex_storage buffer, visible_draws / prefix_sums buffers, per_chunk_uniform, and bind group. Index buffer, instance storage, and mesh storage stay single-per-model (they fit well under the cap on every scene we've seen). Mesh-to-chunk assignment is bake-time-deterministic (walks meshes in order, opens a new chunk when adding the next would overflow). Cull buckets visible instances by their mesh's chunk; render issues one drawcall per non-empty chunk per model. WGSL is unchanged — the binary-search vertex pulling works identically per chunk because base_vertex is now CHUNK-LOCAL (the chunk's bind group binds its own vertex_storage). Single code path: chunking is ALWAYS on at 128 MB regardless of target. Cost on desktop is a handful of extra drawcalls per frame (1 per non-empty chunk; typical models = 1-3 chunks). Negligible. A mesh whose vertex range is itself > 128 MB can't fit in any chunk and would need splitting — typical IFC meshes are nowhere near that (hundreds of verts), and applyCachedModel warns loudly if one ever appears. --web-limits CLI flag requests the WebGPU mandatory floor limits (128 MB max storage binding, 256 MB max buffer) instead of the adapter's actual max. Used to verify chunking actually fits through browser constraints — turns "trust me, web will work" into a hard test. The 139 MB scene loads cleanly with --web-limits. 2. Settle frame after motion (bug fix) Reported regression: after orbiting, sub-pixel instances dropped by motion-mode contribution culling stayed missing after the camera stopped. Event-driven rendering means no frame is scheduled after mouse-up, so the cull never re-ran at the still threshold. Fix: track last_cull_was_motion_. If this frame used the motion threshold, requestUpdate() after present to schedule one settle frame. Next frame: camera_moved = false → still threshold → small instances reappear. Matches GL's last_cull_was_motion_ behaviour. Verified pixel-identical on basic.ifc; loads the user's dense scene successfully under --web-limits (chunks=2 on the 139 MB model, chunks=1 on the others). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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Dion Moult
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51dc31a50b |
wgpu backend: 10× perf — megadraw, async HiZ, parallel cull, motion mode
Closes the perf gap to the GL backend on real BIM benchmarks. On a 10-
sidecar / 380k-instance corpus at a fixed --camera the wgpu binary went
from 110.6 ms to 11.6 ms (vs GL's 23 ms — half the frame time, but
note GL is doing extra work the wgpu backend hasn't ported yet; see
the caveats list at the bottom). Bundled because the pieces interlock
and shipping any of them without the others reintroduces the same wall.
1. Cross-mesh vertex pulling (single mega-draw per model)
The previous one-drawIndexed-per-(mesh × LOD-bucket) loop was costing
~13ms on a 27k-mesh scene. CPU now emits a flat visible_draws[]
(16 B per visible (mesh,lod,instance)) plus a prefix_sums[] table.
WGSL binary-searches prefix_sums by @builtin(vertex_index) to find
the entry, then manually fetches the mesh-local index from a
storage-bound indices[] and pulls the packed 12 B vertex. No
setIndexBuffer; the shader reads everything from storage. Bind
group grew from 4 to 7 entries (vertices, meshes, instances,
indices, visible_draws, prefix_sums, per-model uniform) — well
under WebGPU's mandatory 8 storage / 12 uniform floor.
2. Async HiZ readback via ping-pong staging buffers
Sync wait via wgpuInstanceProcessEvents was costing ~37 ms on a
real scene (GPU drain). Two staging slots now ping-pong: frame N
kicks a non-blocking mapAsync on slot K, frame N+1's first action
is one processEvents drain. Pyramid is 1-2 frames stale — matches
the "slightly-stale depth, fine" pattern the GL backend already
documents. encodeHizResolve returns -1 (skip) if both slots are
in flight; cull keeps using the most recent pyramid.
3. Cull reorder: contribution before HiZ
HiZ projection is ~10× more expensive than the contribution
check, yet most contribution-survivors would be HiZ-rejected
anyway on dense scenes. Computing projected_px first lets
contribution short-circuit ~80% of HiZ tests with no rejection-
quality loss. Saved ~34 ms on the dense bench.
4. Motion-mode contribution threshold
AppSettings::motionMinPixelRadius parity. While the camera is
changing (orbit/pan/zoom/--benchmark sweep), drop instances
below 10 px instead of 2 px. Halves visible_objects during
motion with no perceived quality loss.
5. Parallel cull (std::async across models)
Per-model cullModelCpu split into Compute (CPU-only, thread-safe)
+ Upload (main-thread wgpu queue writes). std::async fan-outs the
compute across models; main-thread joins and uploads. Wall-clock
cull on the 10-model corpus drops from ~17 ms single-threaded to
~9 ms across cores.
6. --no-hiz CLI flag + per-phase benchmark timings
Benchmark now also prints "per-frame avg ms: cull=X
hiz_readback=Y" so future regressions can be attributed without
guesswork. --no-hiz toggles the master switch from the CLI.
Honest caveats — wgpu is currently faster mostly because GL is doing
work we haven't ported yet:
- Edge silhouette pass (stage 9) will add ~3-5 ms back to wgpu.
- GL's HiZ uses the BVH so it rejects whole subtrees (1.7k vs
our 358 rejects on the same scene). BVH for HiZ is future work
(task #13 / a new task) — until then we draw more sub-pixel
geometry that's behind closer surfaces. Visually correct, perf
cost paid. Stage 4+5 are unaffected.
Verified pixel-identical on basic.ifc through every change. Real-scene
visual diff against GL pending the --screenshot flag on the GL minimal
(task #10's other half).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Dion Moult
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61726e00a4 |
wgpu backend: CPU frustum cull + per-mesh draw compaction
Stage 6 of the wgpu port. Replaces the one-draw-per-(mesh, instance) loop
with a CPU cull pass that survives one drawIndexed per non-empty mesh
with packed instanceCount.
Adds to WgpuModelGpuData:
- visible_buffer: u32[] storage SSBO, pre-sized to instance_count at
applyCachedModel so the bind group reference never invalidates.
Re-uploaded each frame via wgpuQueueWriteBuffer.
- mesh_draws: per-mesh schedule (first_instance, instance_count,
first_index, base_vertex, index_count). instance_count==0 means the
mesh contributed nothing this frame and the draw is elided entirely.
cullModelCpu per-frame:
- Extract 6 frustum planes from the same VP we write into the uniform.
WebGPU clip-space z is [0, 1], so near plane = matrix row 2 (not
row 3 + row 2 as in GL); rest of the derivation is standard.
- Per-instance AABB-vs-frustum test using the p-vertex shortcut
(cheapest correct early-out for AABBs).
- Bucket survivors by mesh_id; flatten into a contiguous u32 list;
upload via wgpuQueueWriteBuffer. Per-mesh slice is [first_instance,
first_instance + instance_count).
WGSL adds @group(1) @binding(3) var<storage, read> visible: array<u32>
and an extra indirection: instance_idx = visible[iid]; the rest of the
shader is unchanged. firstInstance on each drawIndexed offsets into
visible[], so each mesh reads its own slice.
Verified two ways:
1. basic.ifc (3 instances, all on-screen) renders pixel-identically
to pre-stage-6 — proves cull keeps everything it should.
2. basic.ifc + a synthetic instance placed at (100, 100, 100) is
culled cleanly: only the cube renders, the far quad is rejected
by the frustum test. Proves cull actually rejects out-of-frustum
geometry rather than passing everything through.
Contribution culling, HiZ, and LOD selection arrive in stages 7 and 8;
they all hook into the same cullModelCpu seam.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Dion Moult
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bbf2bfde92 |
wgpu backend: vertex-pulling main render pass
Stage 3 of the wgpu port. Replaces the clear-only render loop with the
full main shading pass:
- WGSL port of the GL main shader. Vertex-pulling: the vertex storage
buffer is read as array<u32> in the shader, with pos/normal/color
decoded manually per vertex. baseVertex (set per draw to mesh's
vertex offset) folds into @builtin(vertex_index) automatically;
firstInstance carries the instance slot for @builtin(instance_index).
No vertex-input layout — vertex pulling means no IA bindings.
- Render pipeline bound to depth-32-float (write-on, less compare),
back-face cull, CCW front face. Pre-multiplies a [-1,1]→[0,1] z-remap
matrix onto Qt's projection so WebGPU's clip-z convention is met.
- Two bind groups: group=0 per-frame (uniform with view-proj + key/fill
light + hemisphere ambient), group=1 per-model (three read-only
storage buffers: vertices, mesh quant, instances).
- Depth texture is created lazily and recreated on surface resize.
- Orbit camera state on WgpuViewportWindow with viewAll() that frames
the union of all loaded models' world AABBs after the first load.
Mouse navigation lands later.
- Draw loop: one drawIndexed per (mesh, instance) pair per model. This
is correct but CPU-heavy on dense scenes; stage 6 introduces the cull
+ compacted visible list that lets multiple instances of one mesh
collapse to a single call, and the eventual GPU-driven cull (post
sunset of the GL backend) goes further.
Verified on /tmp/quad_v13.ifcview (1 mesh, 1 instance) and on a real v13
sidecar baked from basic.ifc via the GL minimal viewer (3 meshes,
3 instances, 864 B verts). No wgpu validation errors fire across pipeline
creation, depth attachment, bind groups, or the draw loop on either.
Visual confirmation deferred until --screenshot lands (task #10) which
is being pulled forward next so we don't keep flying blind.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Dion Moult
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9daa5fe195 |
wgpu backend: load .ifcview sidecars onto GPU buffers
Stage 2 of the wgpu port. WgpuViewportWindow gains a queueLoadSidecar API (called from the minimal driver before init) and an applyCachedModel that runs after init: reads via SidecarCache::readSidecar, allocates four wgpu buffers per model (vertex storage, index, mesh-quant storage, instance storage), uploads via wgpuQueueWriteBuffer, retains a CPU mirror of the MeshInfo/InstanceCpu arrays for the cull and picking paths that arrive in later stages. MeshGpu (the per-mesh quantization basis) is derived from MeshInfo on the fly; InstanceGpu (transform + ids) is derived from InstanceCpu and uses the cached float transform — composing from placement_transformation against federation-stage matrices lands when stage 5 wires those. SidecarCache.cpp is compiled into IfcViewerWgpu directly: it's pure C++ with no Qt/OCCT/IFC-parse deps, so dragging in the IfcViewer static lib for one source file would be wasteful. This duplication goes away once src/ifcviewer-core/ is extracted (task #12). Verified on a synthesised v13 sidecar (4 verts, 6 indices, 1 mesh, 1 instance) and a multi-sidecar load that assigns successive model_ids. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com> |