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IfcOpenShell/src/ifcviewer-wgpu/WgpuViewportWindow.cpp
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Dion Moult 1bbcd10bc0 wgpu backend: pick pass with sync R32UInt readback
Stage 4 of the wgpu port. LMB-click-without-drag now resolves the
object_id under the cursor by running a dedicated pick render and
copying back the single texel at the click position.

  - Pick pipeline reuses the existing pipeline_layout_ (same bindings
    as main: frame uniform at group=0, per-model storages at group=1).
    Different vs / fs entry points (vs_pick / fs_pick) in the main
    WGSL module — the vertex pulling logic is duplicated for now but
    the bind group layout match means no pipeline_layout rebuild and
    pickObjectAt can reuse the current frame's already-uploaded
    visible_draws + per-model bind groups.

  - Pick FBO: surface-sized R32UInt color attachment + Depth32Float
    depth, both single-sample (no MSAA — pick needs exact texel
    access). CopySrc on the color so we can copyTextureToBuffer the
    1×1 click region. Recreated on surface resize.

  - pickObjectAt: encodes a one-shot pick pass + a single texel copy
    into a 256-byte staging buffer, submits, mapAsync, sync-spins
    processEvents until ready. Synchronous wait is fine here — pick
    runs on click, not per-frame, so a sub-ms stall is invisible.

  - Mouse integration: existing LMB drag-orbit preserved. A 3-pixel
    threshold promotes drag (set nav_dragged_); release without
    dragging triggers pickObjectAt at the release coords (logical
    Qt → physical pixels via devicePixelRatio). object_id is logged;
    selection state to consume the id arrives with stage 5.

Object_id 0 means miss (clear value); the pick attachment is cleared
to 0 before each pass and the fragment writes the instance's
object_id, so any non-zero result is a real hit on a drawn instance.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-05-27 20:12:38 +10:00

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/********************************************************************************
* *
* This file is part of IfcOpenShell. *
* *
* IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify *
* it under the terms of the Lesser GNU General Public License as published by *
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3.0 of the License, or *
* (at your option) any later version. *
* *
* IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
* Lesser GNU General Public License for more details. *
* *
* You should have received a copy of the Lesser GNU General Public License *
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
* *
********************************************************************************/
#include "WgpuViewportWindow.h"
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QResizeEvent>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QDir>
#include <QElapsedTimer>
#include <QFile>
#include <QFileInfo>
#include <QMatrix4x4>
#include <QVector3D>
#include <QtMath>
#include <webgpu/wgpu.h> // wgpu-native extensions (logging, MULTI_DRAW_INDIRECT, …)
#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <future>
#include <limits>
#include <utility>
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Frame uniforms (CPU mirror of group=0 binding=0 in the WGSL).
// std140-ish layout: every member naturally 16-aligned, struct stride = 96.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct FrameUniforms {
float view_proj[16];
float light_dir[4]; // xyz = unit dir toward light, w unused
float fill_dir[4]; // xyz = secondary fill dir
float sky_color[4]; // xyz = sky-tint ambient, w unused
float ground_color[4]; // xyz = ground-tint ambient, w unused
};
static_assert(sizeof(FrameUniforms) == 16 * sizeof(float) + 4 * 4 * sizeof(float),
"FrameUniforms must match WGSL layout (mat4 + 4xvec4)");
// Inverse of sRGB encoding. wgpu-native's Vulkan swap chain on X11 treats
// BGRA8Unorm as sRGB-output (encodes shader output linear→sRGB on write,
// despite caps reporting plain Unorm). Pre-applying srgbToLinear here on
// any value we pass to the swap chain — clearValue, etc. — makes the
// implicit encode round-trip and the final bytes match the GL backend.
static inline float srgbToLinear(float s) {
if (s <= 0.04045f) return s / 12.92f;
return std::pow((s + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4f);
}
// WebGPU texture<->buffer copies require bytes-per-row to be a multiple of
// this. RGBA8 (4 B/pixel) at 1280 wide produces 5120 — already a multiple,
// but at e.g. 1281 wide we round up to 5376. Tracked as the padded row
// stride in the capture path.
static constexpr uint64_t WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN = 256;
// Forward declaration — defined below alongside updateFrameUniforms. Used
// by render() to extract camera/frustum state without duplicating the math.
static QVector3D orbitEye(const float target[3], float dist,
float yaw_deg, float pitch_deg);
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Small helpers
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static QString sv(WGPUStringView s) {
if (!s.data) return QString();
// WGPU_STRLEN sentinel == SIZE_MAX -> nul-terminated.
const int len = (s.length == WGPU_STRLEN)
? int(std::strlen(s.data))
: int(s.length);
return QString::fromUtf8(s.data, len);
}
static void onWgpuLog(WGPULogLevel level, WGPUStringView message, void* /*userdata*/) {
const QString m = sv(message);
switch (level) {
case WGPULogLevel_Error: qWarning().noquote() << "[wgpu err]" << m; break;
case WGPULogLevel_Warn: qWarning().noquote() << "[wgpu warn]" << m; break;
case WGPULogLevel_Info: qInfo ().noquote() << "[wgpu info]" << m; break;
case WGPULogLevel_Debug: qDebug ().noquote() << "[wgpu dbg]" << m; break;
case WGPULogLevel_Trace: qDebug ().noquote() << "[wgpu trace]" << m; break;
default: break;
}
}
static void onUncapturedError(WGPUDevice const* /*device*/,
WGPUErrorType type, WGPUStringView message,
void* /*ud1*/, void* /*ud2*/) {
qWarning().noquote() << "[wgpu device error" << int(type) << "]" << sv(message);
}
// Allocate a wgpu buffer of `size_bytes` with the given usage, and upload
// `data` into it via the queue. Returns nullptr when size_bytes == 0 (wgpu
// rejects zero-sized buffer creation). `label` is informational; it shows up
// in validation messages when something goes wrong.
static WGPUBuffer createBufferWithData(WGPUDevice device, WGPUQueue queue,
const void* data, size_t size_bytes,
WGPUBufferUsage usage,
const char* label) {
if (size_bytes == 0) return nullptr;
WGPUBufferDescriptor desc = {};
desc.size = uint64_t(size_bytes);
desc.usage = usage | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst;
if (label) {
desc.label.data = label;
desc.label.length = std::strlen(label);
}
WGPUBuffer buf = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device, &desc);
if (buf && data) {
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue, buf, 0, data, size_bytes);
}
return buf;
}
void releaseWgpuModelGpuData(WgpuModelGpuData& m) {
if (m.bind_group) { wgpuBindGroupRelease(m.bind_group); m.bind_group = nullptr; }
if (m.vertex_storage) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.vertex_storage); m.vertex_storage = nullptr; }
if (m.index_buffer) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.index_buffer); m.index_buffer = nullptr; }
if (m.mesh_storage) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.mesh_storage); m.mesh_storage = nullptr; }
if (m.instance_storage) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.instance_storage); m.instance_storage = nullptr; }
if (m.visible_draws_buffer) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.visible_draws_buffer); m.visible_draws_buffer = nullptr; }
if (m.prefix_sums_buffer) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.prefix_sums_buffer); m.prefix_sums_buffer = nullptr; }
if (m.per_model_uniform) { wgpuBufferRelease(m.per_model_uniform); m.per_model_uniform = nullptr; }
m.vertex_bytes = 0;
m.index_count = 0;
m.mesh_count = 0;
m.instance_count = 0;
m.visible_draws_capacity = 0;
m.prefix_sums_capacity = 0;
m.total_visible_vertices = 0;
m.total_visible_draws = 0;
m.meshes.clear();
m.instances.clear();
m.visible_draws_scratch.clear();
m.prefix_sums_scratch.clear();
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// WGSL main pipeline — cross-mesh vertex pulling.
//
// We issue ONE draw() call per model per frame. The vertex shader binary-
// searches the prefix-sum table to find which visible-draw entry the current
// @builtin(vertex_index) belongs to, then manually fetches the index and the
// 12-byte packed vertex from storage buffers. This avoids the N-drawcalls-per-
// frame CPU overhead of per-mesh draws (which dominated on scenes with many
// unique meshes — wgpu-native overhead is ~5 µs/draw, so 27k draws = 135ms).
//
// Binary search cost is O(log N) per vertex, with N up to a few hundred
// thousand on dense scenes. Adjacent vertices in the same draw entry share
// the search result inside a warp, so memory-coherence keeps this cheap on
// GPU.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static const char* MAIN_WGSL = R"(
struct InstanceRecord {
transform: mat4x4<f32>,
object_id: u32,
color_override: u32,
mesh_id: u32,
_pad1: u32,
};
struct MeshQuant {
aabb_min: vec4<f32>,
aabb_max: vec4<f32>,
};
struct FrameUniforms {
view_proj: mat4x4<f32>,
light_dir: vec4<f32>,
fill_dir: vec4<f32>,
sky_color: vec4<f32>,
ground_color: vec4<f32>,
};
struct VisibleDraw {
mesh_id: u32,
instance_idx: u32,
ebo_first_u32: u32,
base_vertex: u32,
};
struct PerModel {
draw_count: u32,
total_vertex_count: u32,
_pad0: u32,
_pad1: u32,
};
@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> u_frame: FrameUniforms;
@group(1) @binding(0) var<storage, read> vertices: array<u32>;
@group(1) @binding(1) var<storage, read> meshes: array<MeshQuant>;
@group(1) @binding(2) var<storage, read> instances: array<InstanceRecord>;
@group(1) @binding(3) var<storage, read> indices: array<u32>;
@group(1) @binding(4) var<storage, read> visible_draws: array<VisibleDraw>;
@group(1) @binding(5) var<storage, read> prefix_sums: array<u32>;
@group(1) @binding(6) var<uniform> u_model: PerModel;
struct VsOut {
@builtin(position) clip_pos: vec4<f32>,
@location(0) normal: vec3<f32>,
@location(1) color: vec4<f32>,
@location(2) world_pos: vec3<f32>,
};
// Sign-extend an i8 packed into the byte_idx'th byte of `packed`.
fn extractI8(packed: u32, byte_idx: u32) -> i32 {
let raw = i32((packed >> (byte_idx * 8u)) & 0xFFu);
return select(raw, raw - 256, raw >= 128);
}
// Meyer et al. octahedral normal decode. Input in [-1,1]^2.
fn octDecode(e: vec2<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
var n = vec3<f32>(e.x, e.y, 1.0 - abs(e.x) - abs(e.y));
if (n.z < 0.0) {
let tx = select(-1.0, 1.0, n.x >= 0.0);
let ty = select(-1.0, 1.0, n.y >= 0.0);
n = vec3<f32>((1.0 - abs(n.y)) * tx, (1.0 - abs(n.x)) * ty, n.z);
}
return normalize(n);
}
// Binary search for the largest i in [0, draw_count) with prefix_sums[i] <= vid.
// prefix_sums is monotonic non-decreasing and contains draw_count+1 entries
// (prefix_sums[draw_count] == total_vertex_count).
fn find_draw(vid: u32) -> u32 {
var lo: u32 = 0u;
var hi: u32 = u_model.draw_count;
while (lo + 1u < hi) {
let mid = (lo + hi) >> 1u;
if (prefix_sums[mid] <= vid) {
lo = mid;
} else {
hi = mid;
}
}
return lo;
}
@vertex
fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) vid: u32) -> VsOut {
// Saturate past the end (shouldn't happen given draw() count, but safe).
if (vid >= u_model.total_vertex_count) {
var degen: VsOut;
degen.clip_pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
return degen;
}
let draw_idx = find_draw(vid);
let local_v = vid - prefix_sums[draw_idx];
let item = visible_draws[draw_idx];
// Fetch the mesh-local index then the global vertex index.
let mesh_local_index = indices[item.ebo_first_u32 + local_v];
let v_global = item.base_vertex + mesh_local_index;
let inst = instances[item.instance_idx];
let mq = meshes[item.mesh_id];
let w0 = vertices[v_global * 3u + 0u];
let w1 = vertices[v_global * 3u + 1u];
let w2 = vertices[v_global * 3u + 2u];
let px = f32(w0 & 0xFFFFu) / 65535.0;
let py = f32((w0 >> 16u) & 0xFFFFu) / 65535.0;
let pz = f32(w1 & 0xFFFFu) / 65535.0;
let pos_local = mix(mq.aabb_min.xyz, mq.aabb_max.xyz, vec3<f32>(px, py, pz));
let nx = f32(extractI8(w1, 2u)) / 127.0;
let ny = f32(extractI8(w1, 3u)) / 127.0;
let n_local = octDecode(vec2<f32>(nx, ny));
let r = f32(w2 & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let g = f32((w2 >> 8u) & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let b = f32((w2 >> 16u) & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let a = f32((w2 >> 24u) & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let world4 = inst.transform * vec4<f32>(pos_local, 1.0);
let rot = mat3x3<f32>(inst.transform[0].xyz,
inst.transform[1].xyz,
inst.transform[2].xyz);
let n_world = normalize(rot * n_local);
let det = determinant(rot);
let n_final = select(n_world, -n_world, det < 0.0);
var color = vec4<f32>(r, g, b, a);
if (inst.color_override != 0u) {
let cr = f32(inst.color_override & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let cg = f32((inst.color_override >> 8u) & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let cb = f32((inst.color_override >> 16u) & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
let ca = f32((inst.color_override >> 24u) & 0xFFu) / 255.0;
if (ca > 0.0) { color = vec4<f32>(cr, cg, cb, ca); }
}
var out: VsOut;
out.clip_pos = u_frame.view_proj * world4;
out.normal = n_final;
out.color = color;
out.world_pos = world4.xyz;
return out;
}
// sRGB decode — used to undo wgpu's automatic linear→sRGB write encoding
// on swap-chain BGRA8Unorm so the final bytes match what the GL backend
// writes directly. The GL pipeline outputs to a non-sRGB FB and treats
// every colour input as already-linear, so its bytes are exactly its
// shader outputs. wgpu on the same swap chain auto-encodes, which makes
// everything appear ~3× brighter unless we pre-decode once.
fn srgbToLinear(s: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
let lo = s / 12.92;
let hi = pow((s + 0.055) / 1.055, vec3<f32>(2.4));
return select(hi, lo, s <= vec3<f32>(0.04045));
}
@fragment
fn fs_main(in: VsOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
var n = normalize(in.normal);
// World +Z is up (BIM convention). Hemisphere ambient: faces pointing
// up read sky, faces pointing down read ground, lerp by n.z.
let hemi_t = 0.5 + 0.5 * n.z;
let ambient = mix(u_frame.ground_color.xyz, u_frame.sky_color.xyz, hemi_t);
let key = max(dot(n, u_frame.light_dir.xyz), 0.0);
let fill = max(dot(n, u_frame.fill_dir.xyz), 0.0) * 0.35;
var color = in.color.xyz * (ambient + (key + fill) * 0.7);
// Cavity shading: where adjacent fragments have a sharp normal change
// (concave creases, edges where two faces meet), darken slightly so
// shape boundaries read on flat-colour models. Matches the GL shader.
let cavity = clamp(length(fwidth(n)) * 1.5, 0.0, 0.35);
color = color * (1.0 - cavity);
// Cancel the swap chain's implicit linear→sRGB encoding so the final
// bytes match the GL backend (see srgbToLinear above).
return vec4<f32>(srgbToLinear(color), in.color.a);
}
// --------------------------- Pick pipeline ---------------------------------
// Same vertex pulling as vs_main, but VsOutPick carries only the object_id
// (flat-interpolated). Fragment writes the object_id to an R32UInt target.
// Background (no draw) reads 0 because the pick attachment is cleared to 0.
struct VsOutPick {
@builtin(position) clip_pos: vec4<f32>,
@location(0) @interpolate(flat) object_id: u32,
};
@vertex
fn vs_pick(@builtin(vertex_index) vid: u32) -> VsOutPick {
var out: VsOutPick;
if (vid >= u_model.total_vertex_count) {
out.clip_pos = vec4<f32>(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
out.object_id = 0u;
return out;
}
let draw_idx = find_draw(vid);
let local_v = vid - prefix_sums[draw_idx];
let item = visible_draws[draw_idx];
let mesh_local_index = indices[item.ebo_first_u32 + local_v];
let v_global = item.base_vertex + mesh_local_index;
let inst = instances[item.instance_idx];
let mq = meshes[item.mesh_id];
let w0 = vertices[v_global * 3u + 0u];
let w1 = vertices[v_global * 3u + 1u];
let pos_norm = vec3<f32>(
f32(w0 & 0xFFFFu) / 65535.0,
f32((w0 >> 16u) & 0xFFFFu) / 65535.0,
f32(w1 & 0xFFFFu) / 65535.0,
);
let pos_local = mix(mq.aabb_min.xyz, mq.aabb_max.xyz, pos_norm);
let world4 = inst.transform * vec4<f32>(pos_local, 1.0);
out.clip_pos = u_frame.view_proj * world4;
out.object_id = inst.object_id;
return out;
}
@fragment
fn fs_pick(in: VsOutPick) -> @location(0) u32 {
return in.object_id;
}
)";
// Helper: build a WGPUStringView from a null-terminated C string literal.
static WGPUStringView svFromCStr(const char* s) {
WGPUStringView v{};
v.data = s;
v.length = std::strlen(s);
return v;
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Construction / destruction
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WgpuViewportWindow::WgpuViewportWindow(QWindow* parent)
: QWindow(parent) {
// wgpu doesn't need a GL context; we just need a real native window that
// the platform window manager has actually created. OpenGLSurface is the
// most portable way to ask Qt for a hardware-rendering-ready native
// window — we never bind a GL context on top of it.
setSurfaceType(QSurface::OpenGLSurface);
}
WgpuViewportWindow::~WgpuViewportWindow() {
shutdown();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::setBackgroundColor(const QColor& color) {
background_color_ = color;
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Sidecar load + GPU upload
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WgpuViewportWindow::queueLoadSidecar(const QString& path) {
if (wgpu_initialized_) {
loadSidecar(path);
} else {
pending_sidecars_.push_back(path);
}
}
uint32_t WgpuViewportWindow::loadSidecar(const QString& path) {
if (!wgpu_initialized_) {
qWarning().noquote() << "loadSidecar called before wgpu init:" << path;
return 0;
}
// Tilde expansion — shells handle this inside double-quoted args, but a
// literal "~/..." from a launcher / command-line wouldn't. Cheap to do
// here so the failure mode isn't "fopen returned ENOENT".
QString resolved = path;
if (resolved.startsWith("~/")) {
resolved = QDir::homePath() + resolved.mid(1);
}
auto data_opt = readSidecar(resolved.toStdString());
if (!data_opt) {
// Triage: distinguish missing file from magic/version mismatch by
// peeking the header ourselves, so users know which to fix.
QFile f(resolved);
if (!f.exists()) {
qWarning().noquote() << "Sidecar not found:" << resolved;
} else if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
qWarning().noquote() << "Sidecar unreadable:" << resolved
<< "(" << f.errorString() << ")";
} else {
uint32_t header[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
const qint64 got = f.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(header), sizeof(header));
if (got < qint64(sizeof(header))) {
qWarning().noquote() << "Sidecar truncated:" << resolved
<< "(only" << got << "bytes — expected ≥ 12)";
} else if (header[0] != SIDECAR_MAGIC) {
qWarning().noquote().nospace()
<< "Sidecar magic mismatch: " << resolved
<< " — got 0x" << QString::number(header[0], 16)
<< ", expected 0x" << QString::number(SIDECAR_MAGIC, 16)
<< " (\"IFVW\")";
} else if (header[1] != SIDECAR_VERSION) {
qWarning().noquote().nospace()
<< "Sidecar schema mismatch: " << resolved
<< " — file is v" << header[1]
<< ", this build expects v" << SIDECAR_VERSION
<< ". Re-bake the .ifc with a viewer at the matching schema.";
} else if (header[2] != SIDECAR_ENDIAN) {
qWarning().noquote() << "Sidecar endianness mismatch:" << resolved
<< "(cross-platform load not supported)";
} else {
qWarning().noquote() << "Sidecar read failed past the header:" << resolved;
}
}
return 0;
}
const uint32_t mid = next_model_id_++;
applyCachedModel(mid, std::move(*data_opt));
return mid;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::applyCachedModel(uint32_t model_id, SidecarData data) {
if (!device_ || !queue_) {
qWarning() << "applyCachedModel without an initialised device";
return;
}
// Replace any existing state for this id.
auto it = models_gpu_.find(model_id);
if (it != models_gpu_.end()) {
releaseWgpuModelGpuData(it->second);
models_gpu_.erase(it);
}
WgpuModelGpuData m;
m.vertex_bytes = data.vertices.size();
m.index_count = uint32_t(data.indices.size());
m.mesh_count = uint32_t(data.meshes.size());
m.instance_count = uint32_t(data.instances.size());
// Vertex storage — raw bytes at INSTANCED_VERTEX_STRIDE_BYTES layout. The
// vertex shader will read this as a u8 storage buffer in stage 3.
m.vertex_storage = createBufferWithData(
device_, queue_,
data.vertices.data(), data.vertices.size(),
WGPUBufferUsage_Storage,
"model.vertex_storage");
// Index buffer — mesh-local u32 indices. Bound as a read-only storage
// buffer in the vertex shader (cross-mesh vertex pulling manually fetches
// indices); Index usage is kept for forward compatibility but never used.
m.index_buffer = createBufferWithData(
device_, queue_,
data.indices.data(), data.indices.size() * sizeof(uint32_t),
WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | WGPUBufferUsage_Index,
"model.index_buffer");
// Derive MeshGpu[] (vec4 aabb_min + vec4 aabb_max) from MeshInfo's
// local_aabb_*. Mirrors the GL backend's mesh_info_ssbo population.
std::vector<MeshGpu> mesh_gpu;
mesh_gpu.reserve(data.meshes.size());
for (const auto& mi : data.meshes) {
MeshGpu mg = {};
mg.aabb_min[0] = mi.local_aabb_min[0];
mg.aabb_min[1] = mi.local_aabb_min[1];
mg.aabb_min[2] = mi.local_aabb_min[2];
mg.aabb_min[3] = 0.0f;
mg.aabb_max[0] = mi.local_aabb_max[0];
mg.aabb_max[1] = mi.local_aabb_max[1];
mg.aabb_max[2] = mi.local_aabb_max[2];
mg.aabb_max[3] = 0.0f;
mesh_gpu.push_back(mg);
}
m.mesh_storage = createBufferWithData(
device_, queue_,
mesh_gpu.data(), mesh_gpu.size() * sizeof(MeshGpu),
WGPUBufferUsage_Storage,
"model.mesh_storage");
// Derive InstanceGpu[] from InstanceCpu[]. Stage 2 uses the cached
// `transform` directly (stage matrices are identity until stage 5+
// adds federation composition).
std::vector<InstanceGpu> inst_gpu;
inst_gpu.reserve(data.instances.size());
for (const auto& ic : data.instances) {
InstanceGpu ig = {};
std::memcpy(ig.transform, ic.transform, sizeof(ig.transform));
ig.object_id = ic.object_id;
ig.color_override_rgba8 = ic.color_override_rgba8;
ig.mesh_id = ic.mesh_id;
inst_gpu.push_back(ig);
}
m.instance_storage = createBufferWithData(
device_, queue_,
inst_gpu.data(), inst_gpu.size() * sizeof(InstanceGpu),
WGPUBufferUsage_Storage,
"model.instance_storage");
// Per-frame buffers for cross-mesh vertex pulling. Sized for the worst
// case so cullModelCpu only needs wgpuQueueWriteBuffer (never recreate)
// — keeps the bind group reference valid for the model's lifetime.
//
// VisibleDraw capacity: up to one entry per (instance × 2 LODs). LOD1 is
// only used when bake produced one, but allocating headroom is cheap
// (~3 MB worst-case for a 100k-instance model).
const size_t draw_cap = std::max<size_t>(size_t(data.instances.size()) * 2u, 1u);
const size_t draws_bytes = draw_cap * sizeof(WgpuModelGpuData::VisibleDrawGpu);
WGPUBufferDescriptor vd_desc = {};
vd_desc.size = std::max<uint64_t>(draws_bytes, 16);
vd_desc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst;
vd_desc.label = svFromCStr("model.visible_draws");
m.visible_draws_buffer = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &vd_desc);
m.visible_draws_capacity = draw_cap;
// prefix_sums: draw_cap + 1 entries (final entry = total vertex count).
const size_t ps_cap = draw_cap + 1;
WGPUBufferDescriptor ps_desc = {};
ps_desc.size = std::max<uint64_t>(ps_cap * sizeof(uint32_t), 16);
ps_desc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_Storage | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst;
ps_desc.label = svFromCStr("model.prefix_sums");
m.prefix_sums_buffer = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &ps_desc);
m.prefix_sums_capacity = ps_cap;
// 16-byte per-model uniform: (draw_count, total_vertex_count, _pad, _pad).
WGPUBufferDescriptor mu_desc = {};
mu_desc.size = 16;
mu_desc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst;
mu_desc.label = svFromCStr("model.per_model_uniform");
m.per_model_uniform = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &mu_desc);
// Hand off CPU mirrors (cull / picking will need them later).
m.meshes = std::move(data.meshes);
m.instances = std::move(data.instances);
m.visible_draws_scratch.reserve(draw_cap);
m.prefix_sums_scratch.reserve(ps_cap);
auto [inserted, _] = models_gpu_.emplace(model_id, std::move(m));
WgpuModelGpuData& mref = inserted->second;
buildModelBindGroup(mref);
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< "[wgpu] applyCachedModel mid=" << model_id
<< " verts=" << mref.vertex_bytes << "B"
<< " idx=" << mref.index_count
<< " meshes=" << mref.mesh_count
<< " instances=" << mref.instance_count;
if (!initial_view_applied_) {
viewAll();
initial_view_applied_ = true;
}
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::removeModel(uint32_t model_id) {
auto it = models_gpu_.find(model_id);
if (it == models_gpu_.end()) return;
releaseWgpuModelGpuData(it->second);
models_gpu_.erase(it);
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::resetScene() {
for (auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) releaseWgpuModelGpuData(m);
models_gpu_.clear();
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::flushPendingSidecarQueue() {
while (!pending_sidecars_.empty()) {
const QString p = pending_sidecars_.front();
pending_sidecars_.pop_front();
loadSidecar(p);
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Lifecycle
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WgpuViewportWindow::exposeEvent(QExposeEvent* /*event*/) {
if (!isExposed()) return;
if (!wgpu_initialized_) {
if (!initWgpu()) {
qWarning() << "wgpu init failed; viewport will not render";
return;
}
wgpu_initialized_ = true;
// Drain any sidecar paths queued before init; uploads run on the
// now-valid device.
flushPendingSidecarQueue();
}
const int w = int(width() * devicePixelRatio());
const int h = int(height() * devicePixelRatio());
if (w > 0 && h > 0 && (w != configured_w_ || h != configured_h_)) {
configureSurface(w, h);
}
requestUpdate();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::resizeEvent(QResizeEvent* /*event*/) {
if (!wgpu_initialized_ || !isExposed()) return;
const int w = int(width() * devicePixelRatio());
const int h = int(height() * devicePixelRatio());
if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
configureSurface(w, h);
requestUpdate();
}
}
bool WgpuViewportWindow::event(QEvent* event) {
if (event->type() == QEvent::UpdateRequest) {
if (wgpu_initialized_ && surface_configured_) {
render();
}
return true;
}
return QWindow::event(event);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wgpu init: instance, surface, adapter, device, queue
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool WgpuViewportWindow::initWgpu() {
// Optional: log everything wgpu-native says at warn+ so backend init
// problems surface in the console rather than being swallowed.
wgpuSetLogCallback(onWgpuLog, nullptr);
wgpuSetLogLevel(WGPULogLevel_Warn);
instance_ = wgpuCreateInstance(nullptr);
if (!instance_) {
qWarning() << "wgpuCreateInstance returned null";
return false;
}
if (!createSurface()) return false;
// ---- Async request adapter -------------------------------------------
struct AdapterReq { WGPUAdapter adapter = nullptr; bool done = false; bool ok = false; };
AdapterReq areq;
WGPURequestAdapterOptions adapter_opts = {};
adapter_opts.compatibleSurface = surface_;
adapter_opts.powerPreference = WGPUPowerPreference_HighPerformance;
WGPURequestAdapterCallbackInfo acb = {};
acb.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents;
acb.callback = [](WGPURequestAdapterStatus status, WGPUAdapter adapter,
WGPUStringView message, void* ud1, void* /*ud2*/) {
auto* r = static_cast<AdapterReq*>(ud1);
r->done = true;
if (status == WGPURequestAdapterStatus_Success) {
r->adapter = adapter;
r->ok = true;
} else {
qWarning().noquote() << "RequestAdapter failed:" << sv(message);
}
};
acb.userdata1 = &areq;
wgpuInstanceRequestAdapter(instance_, &adapter_opts, acb);
while (!areq.done) wgpuInstanceProcessEvents(instance_);
if (!areq.ok) return false;
adapter_ = areq.adapter;
// ---- Async request device --------------------------------------------
struct DeviceReq { WGPUDevice device = nullptr; bool done = false; bool ok = false; };
DeviceReq dreq;
// Query what the adapter can do, and request the same headroom on the
// device so a single large model's vertex/instance storage buffer doesn't
// hit the conservative defaults (128 MB binding, 256 MB buffer). Real
// BIM models routinely cross 100 MB of vertex bytes; without this the
// first applyCachedModel fails with a bind-group validation error.
//
// For eventual web parity this needs revisiting — browsers cap at the
// defaults — but native targets always support the requested ceilings.
WGPULimits adapter_limits = {};
wgpuAdapterGetLimits(adapter_, &adapter_limits);
WGPUDeviceDescriptor dev_desc = {};
dev_desc.requiredLimits = &adapter_limits;
// Surface uncaptured errors (validation failures etc.) into qWarning so
// they're attributable rather than silently swallowed.
dev_desc.uncapturedErrorCallbackInfo.callback = onUncapturedError;
WGPURequestDeviceCallbackInfo dcb = {};
dcb.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents;
dcb.callback = [](WGPURequestDeviceStatus status, WGPUDevice device,
WGPUStringView message, void* ud1, void* /*ud2*/) {
auto* r = static_cast<DeviceReq*>(ud1);
r->done = true;
if (status == WGPURequestDeviceStatus_Success) {
r->device = device;
r->ok = true;
} else {
qWarning().noquote() << "RequestDevice failed:" << sv(message);
}
};
dcb.userdata1 = &dreq;
wgpuAdapterRequestDevice(adapter_, &dev_desc, dcb);
while (!dreq.done) wgpuInstanceProcessEvents(instance_);
if (!dreq.ok) return false;
device_ = dreq.device;
queue_ = wgpuDeviceGetQueue(device_);
// ---- Pick a surface format -------------------------------------------
WGPUSurfaceCapabilities caps = {};
if (wgpuSurfaceGetCapabilities(surface_, adapter_, &caps) != WGPUStatus_Success
|| caps.formatCount == 0) {
qWarning() << "wgpuSurfaceGetCapabilities returned no formats";
return false;
}
surface_format_ = caps.formats[0]; // preferred format per wgpu docs
wgpuSurfaceCapabilitiesFreeMembers(caps);
if (!buildPipelines()) return false;
if (!buildHizPipeline()) return false;
if (!buildEdgePipeline()) return false;
if (!buildPickPipeline()) return false;
qInfo() << "wgpu init OK; surface format =" << int(surface_format_);
return true;
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Surface creation — platform-specific native handle plumbing.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#if defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
// QNativeInterface::QX11Application::display() returns Display*; pulling
// Xlib.h is fine on any system that has Qt6Gui built with xcb support
// (which already depends on libX11). We never look inside Display* — we
// only forward the pointer to wgpu as opaque.
# if __has_include(<X11/Xlib.h>)
# include <X11/Xlib.h>
# endif
// QWaylandApplication::display() and ::surface() return wl_display* and
// wl_surface* (wayland-client-core.h). Same story.
# if __has_include(<wayland-client-core.h>)
# include <wayland-client-core.h>
# endif
#endif
bool WgpuViewportWindow::createSurface() {
WGPUSurfaceDescriptor surface_desc = {};
#if defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
const QString platform = QGuiApplication::platformName();
if (platform == "xcb") {
# if __has_include(<X11/Xlib.h>)
auto* x11 = qApp->nativeInterface<QNativeInterface::QX11Application>();
if (!x11 || !x11->display()) {
qWarning() << "Could not get X11 Display* from Qt";
return false;
}
WGPUSurfaceSourceXlibWindow xlib = {};
xlib.chain.sType = WGPUSType_SurfaceSourceXlibWindow;
xlib.display = x11->display();
xlib.window = static_cast<uint64_t>(winId());
surface_desc.nextInChain = &xlib.chain;
surface_ = wgpuInstanceCreateSurface(instance_, &surface_desc);
# else
qWarning() << "Built without Xlib headers; cannot create X11 surface";
return false;
# endif
} else if (platform == "wayland") {
# if __has_include(<wayland-client-core.h>)
auto* wl = qApp->nativeInterface<QNativeInterface::QWaylandApplication>();
if (!wl || !wl->display()) {
qWarning() << "Could not get Wayland wl_display* from Qt";
return false;
}
// The wl_surface for a window is exposed via the QPA window-handle
// accessor on the native interface (not the application-wide one).
// For stage 1 we fail loud; stage-1.5 fills this in.
qWarning() << "Wayland wgpu surface creation not yet wired (stage 1.5)";
return false;
# else
qWarning() << "Built without Wayland headers; cannot create Wayland surface";
return false;
# endif
} else {
qWarning().noquote() << "Unsupported Qt platform for wgpu surface:" << platform;
return false;
}
#else
// macOS / Windows native-handle wiring lands when those targets become
// active. Stage-1 development happens on Linux.
qWarning() << "wgpu surface creation not yet wired for this platform";
return false;
#endif
if (!surface_) {
qWarning() << "wgpuInstanceCreateSurface returned null";
return false;
}
return true;
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Surface (re)configure + render
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WgpuViewportWindow::configureSurface(int width_px, int height_px) {
WGPUSurfaceConfiguration cfg = {};
cfg.device = device_;
cfg.format = surface_format_;
// CopySrc lets captureNextFrameToPng copy the surface texture back to
// host memory. Trivial cost on all known backends.
cfg.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment | WGPUTextureUsage_CopySrc;
cfg.width = uint32_t(width_px);
cfg.height = uint32_t(height_px);
cfg.presentMode = WGPUPresentMode_Fifo;
cfg.alphaMode = WGPUCompositeAlphaMode_Auto;
wgpuSurfaceConfigure(surface_, &cfg);
configured_w_ = width_px;
configured_h_ = height_px;
surface_configured_ = true;
ensureDepthTexture(width_px, height_px);
ensureMsaaColorTexture(width_px, height_px);
ensureHizTextures(width_px, height_px);
// depth_view_ was just replaced; force the HiZ + edge bind groups to
// rebuild against the new view on next encode.
if (hiz_bind_group_) {
wgpuBindGroupRelease(hiz_bind_group_);
hiz_bind_group_ = nullptr;
}
if (edge_bind_group_) {
wgpuBindGroupRelease(edge_bind_group_);
edge_bind_group_ = nullptr;
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CPU frustum cull + per-mesh compaction
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Plane extraction follows the standard "rows of the VP matrix" derivation,
// adjusted for WebGPU's [0, 1] clip-space z (near plane = row 2, not row 3
// + row 2 as in GL). Planes are stored as (a, b, c, d) with the convention
// a*x + b*y + c*z + d >= 0 meaning the point is inside.
//
// VP is column-major float[16] (Qt convention): element [c*4 + r] is column
// c, row r. row(i) = (vp[0*4+i], vp[1*4+i], vp[2*4+i], vp[3*4+i]).
static inline void rowVec(const float vp[16], int row, float out[4]) {
out[0] = vp[0 * 4 + row];
out[1] = vp[1 * 4 + row];
out[2] = vp[2 * 4 + row];
out[3] = vp[3 * 4 + row];
}
static inline void planeNormalize(float p[4]) {
const float len = std::sqrt(p[0] * p[0] + p[1] * p[1] + p[2] * p[2]);
if (len > 0.0f) {
const float inv = 1.0f / len;
p[0] *= inv; p[1] *= inv; p[2] *= inv; p[3] *= inv;
}
}
static void extractFrustumPlanes(const float vp[16], float planes[6][4]) {
float r0[4], r1[4], r2[4], r3[4];
rowVec(vp, 0, r0);
rowVec(vp, 1, r1);
rowVec(vp, 2, r2);
rowVec(vp, 3, r3);
// left = r3 + r0
// right = r3 - r0
// bottom = r3 + r1
// top = r3 - r1
// near = r2 (WebGPU clip z >= 0)
// far = r3 - r2
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
planes[0][i] = r3[i] + r0[i];
planes[1][i] = r3[i] - r0[i];
planes[2][i] = r3[i] + r1[i];
planes[3][i] = r3[i] - r1[i];
planes[4][i] = r2[i];
planes[5][i] = r3[i] - r2[i];
}
for (int p = 0; p < 6; ++p) planeNormalize(planes[p]);
}
// Returns false iff the AABB is fully outside any one plane (early-rejects
// trivially-invisible instances). May return true for boxes that straddle
// the frustum — that's fine, those still need to draw.
static bool aabbInFrustum(const float mn[3], const float mx[3],
const float planes[6][4]) {
for (int p = 0; p < 6; ++p) {
const float a = planes[p][0], b = planes[p][1], c = planes[p][2], d = planes[p][3];
// p-vertex: the AABB corner furthest along the plane normal.
const float px = (a >= 0.0f) ? mx[0] : mn[0];
const float py = (b >= 0.0f) ? mx[1] : mn[1];
const float pz = (c >= 0.0f) ? mx[2] : mn[2];
if (a * px + b * py + c * pz + d < 0.0f) return false;
}
return true;
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// HiZ occlusion culling — depth resolve + downsample + readback + mip pyramid
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Single fragment shader does both the MSAA→single-sample resolve and the
// downsample to HiZ_BASE_W × hiz_resolve_h_ in one pass. For each output
// texel it loops over the corresponding source rect and takes max depth
// (= farthest projected z, conservative for occlusion). Sample 0 of the
// MSAA depth is used — slightly less conservative than max-of-samples but
// simpler and good enough for HiZ.
//
// The mip pyramid is max-reduced on CPU. Per-frame readback is small
// (256 × ~160 × 4 = ~160 KB) so the synchronous wgpuInstanceProcessEvents
// stall is well under a millisecond on every backend we care about.
static const char* HIZ_WGSL = R"(
struct HizUniforms {
src_w: u32,
src_h: u32,
dst_w: u32,
dst_h: u32,
};
@group(0) @binding(0) var src_depth: texture_depth_multisampled_2d;
@group(0) @binding(1) var<uniform> u_hiz: HizUniforms;
struct VsOut {
@builtin(position) clip_pos: vec4<f32>,
};
@vertex
fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) vid: u32) -> VsOut {
// Fullscreen triangle from a 3-vertex draw, no IA bindings.
let x = f32((vid << 1u) & 2u) * 2.0 - 1.0;
let y = f32(vid & 2u) * 2.0 - 1.0;
var out: VsOut;
out.clip_pos = vec4<f32>(x, -y, 0.0, 1.0);
return out;
}
@fragment
fn fs_main(in: VsOut) -> @builtin(frag_depth) f32 {
let dst_x = u32(in.clip_pos.x);
let dst_y = u32(in.clip_pos.y);
let sx0 = (dst_x * u_hiz.src_w) / u_hiz.dst_w;
let sx1 = ((dst_x + 1u) * u_hiz.src_w) / u_hiz.dst_w;
let sy0 = (dst_y * u_hiz.src_h) / u_hiz.dst_h;
let sy1 = ((dst_y + 1u) * u_hiz.src_h) / u_hiz.dst_h;
var max_d: f32 = 0.0;
for (var y: u32 = sy0; y < sy1; y = y + 1u) {
for (var x: u32 = sx0; x < sx1; x = x + 1u) {
let d = textureLoad(src_depth, vec2<i32>(i32(x), i32(y)), 0);
max_d = max(max_d, d);
}
}
return max_d;
}
)";
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Edge silhouette post-process (stage 9)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Ports the GL renderEdgePass algorithm:
// 1. Sample MSAA depth (sample 0) at centre + 4 cardinal neighbours.
// 2. Linearise depth to view-space metres so the Laplacian is meaningful
// across the entire depth range (raw [0,1] z is heavily non-linear —
// a fixed threshold would only catch near-camera edges).
// 3. Threshold scales with depth (`u_threshold * c`) so a 4 mm gap reads
// the same whether it's 0.5 m or 50 m away.
// 4. Multiplicative blend (Dst·src) with src = vec3(1 - edge). Strictly
// darkens; never brightens.
//
// Constants u_scale=6.0 and u_threshold=0.004 are GL's tuned values;
// camera near/far are hard-coded to the viewport defaults (0.1 / 10000).
// They'll move to a small uniform when AppSettings ports over.
static const char* EDGE_WGSL = R"(
@group(0) @binding(0) var src_depth: texture_depth_multisampled_2d;
const NEAR: f32 = 0.1;
const FAR: f32 = 10000.0;
const EDGE_SCALE: f32 = 6.0;
const EDGE_THRESHOLD: f32 = 0.004;
// Depth texture stores [0,1] z (we pre-multiply a z-remap onto Qt's GL-style
// projection in the main pipeline). Convert back to GL-NDC then reverse-
// project to view-space distance.
fn linearise(z: f32) -> f32 {
let ndc = z * 2.0 - 1.0;
return (2.0 * NEAR * FAR) / (FAR + NEAR - ndc * (FAR - NEAR));
}
@vertex
fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) vid: u32) -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> {
let x = f32((vid << 1u) & 2u) * 2.0 - 1.0;
let y = f32(vid & 2u) * 2.0 - 1.0;
return vec4<f32>(x, y, 0.0, 1.0);
}
@fragment
fn fs_main(@builtin(position) frag: vec4<f32>) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
let p = vec2<i32>(i32(frag.x), i32(frag.y));
let dim = vec2<i32>(textureDimensions(src_depth));
let dc_raw = textureLoad(src_depth, p, 0);
// Background pixels: nothing was drawn here. Skip so we don't draw
// edges on the void / sky.
if (dc_raw >= 0.99999) { discard; }
let c = linearise(dc_raw);
let n = linearise(textureLoad(src_depth, vec2<i32>(p.x, max(p.y - 1, 0)), 0));
let s = linearise(textureLoad(src_depth, vec2<i32>(p.x, min(p.y + 1, dim.y - 1)), 0));
let e = linearise(textureLoad(src_depth, vec2<i32>(min(p.x + 1, dim.x - 1), p.y), 0));
let w = linearise(textureLoad(src_depth, vec2<i32>(max(p.x - 1, 0), p.y), 0));
let lap = abs(4.0 * c - n - s - e - w);
let t = EDGE_THRESHOLD * c;
let edge = clamp((lap - t) * EDGE_SCALE, 0.0, 0.6);
// Multiplicative blend (Dst, Zero): output rgb = (1 - edge), so the
// existing surface colour is multiplied by (1 - edge) per channel.
return vec4<f32>(vec3<f32>(1.0 - edge), 1.0);
}
)";
bool WgpuViewportWindow::buildEdgePipeline() {
WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry entries[1] = {};
entries[0].binding = 0;
entries[0].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
entries[0].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Depth;
entries[0].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
entries[0].texture.multisampled = 1;
WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgl_desc = {};
bgl_desc.entryCount = 1;
bgl_desc.entries = entries;
bgl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.edge_bgl");
edge_bgl_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(device_, &bgl_desc);
WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pl_desc = {};
pl_desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
pl_desc.bindGroupLayouts = &edge_bgl_;
pl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.edge_pipeline_layout");
edge_pipeline_layout_ = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(device_, &pl_desc);
WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl_src = {};
wgsl_src.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL;
wgsl_src.code = svFromCStr(EDGE_WGSL);
WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor sm_desc = {};
sm_desc.nextInChain = &wgsl_src.chain;
sm_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.edge_wgsl");
edge_shader_module_ = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(device_, &sm_desc);
// Multiplicative blend (Dst, Zero): out.rgb = src.rgb * dst.rgb.
// Fragment outputs (1 - edge, 1 - edge, 1 - edge) so the existing
// surface colour is scaled per-channel — strictly darkens, never
// brightens. Matches GL's renderEdgePass (GL_DST_COLOR, GL_ZERO).
WGPUBlendState blend = {};
blend.color.srcFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_Dst;
blend.color.dstFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_Zero;
blend.color.operation = WGPUBlendOperation_Add;
blend.alpha.srcFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_Zero;
blend.alpha.dstFactor = WGPUBlendFactor_One;
blend.alpha.operation = WGPUBlendOperation_Add;
WGPUColorTargetState target = {};
target.format = surface_format_;
target.blend = &blend;
target.writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
WGPUFragmentState frag = {};
frag.module = edge_shader_module_;
frag.entryPoint = svFromCStr("fs_main");
frag.targetCount = 1;
frag.targets = &target;
WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor rp_desc = {};
rp_desc.layout = edge_pipeline_layout_;
rp_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.edge_pipeline");
rp_desc.vertex.module = edge_shader_module_;
rp_desc.vertex.entryPoint = svFromCStr("vs_main");
rp_desc.vertex.bufferCount = 0;
rp_desc.fragment = &frag;
rp_desc.depthStencil = nullptr; // no depth attachment
rp_desc.primitive.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
rp_desc.primitive.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_None;
rp_desc.multisample.count = 1;
rp_desc.multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
edge_pipeline_ = wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(device_, &rp_desc);
if (!edge_pipeline_) {
qWarning() << "wgpu edge pipeline creation failed";
return false;
}
return true;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::encodeEdgePass(WGPUCommandEncoder enc,
WGPUTextureView surface_view) {
if (!edges_enabled_ || !edge_pipeline_ || !depth_view_ || !surface_view) return;
// Rebuild lazily when the underlying depth view was replaced (on resize
// we proactively null this out alongside the HiZ bind group).
if (!edge_bind_group_) {
WGPUBindGroupEntry entry = {};
entry.binding = 0;
entry.textureView = depth_view_;
WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bg = {};
bg.layout = edge_bgl_;
bg.entryCount = 1;
bg.entries = &entry;
bg.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.edge_bind_group");
edge_bind_group_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(device_, &bg);
}
WGPURenderPassColorAttachment color = {};
color.view = surface_view;
color.loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Load; // preserve resolved main-pass colour
color.storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
color.depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED;
WGPURenderPassDescriptor pass_desc = {};
pass_desc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
pass_desc.colorAttachments = &color;
pass_desc.depthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
pass_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.edge_pass");
WGPURenderPassEncoder pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(enc, &pass_desc);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, edge_pipeline_);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, edge_bind_group_, 0, nullptr);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, 3, 1, 0, 0);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(pass);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(pass);
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::releaseEdgeResources() {
if (edge_bind_group_) { wgpuBindGroupRelease(edge_bind_group_); edge_bind_group_ = nullptr; }
if (edge_pipeline_) { wgpuRenderPipelineRelease(edge_pipeline_); edge_pipeline_ = nullptr; }
if (edge_shader_module_) { wgpuShaderModuleRelease(edge_shader_module_);edge_shader_module_ = nullptr; }
if (edge_pipeline_layout_) { wgpuPipelineLayoutRelease(edge_pipeline_layout_); edge_pipeline_layout_ = nullptr; }
if (edge_bgl_) { wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(edge_bgl_); edge_bgl_ = nullptr; }
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Pick pipeline (stage 4)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Same vertex pulling architecture as the main pipeline; reuses
// pipeline_layout_ so per-frame and per-model bind groups stay shared with
// the main draw. Differences are in the fragment (one R32UInt output) and
// the render target attachments (single-sample, surface-sized pick FBO).
bool WgpuViewportWindow::buildPickPipeline() {
WGPUColorTargetState color_target = {};
color_target.format = WGPUTextureFormat_R32Uint;
color_target.writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
WGPUFragmentState frag = {};
frag.module = main_shader_module_;
frag.entryPoint = svFromCStr("fs_pick");
frag.targetCount = 1;
frag.targets = &color_target;
WGPUDepthStencilState depth = {};
depth.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
depth.depthWriteEnabled = WGPUOptionalBool_True;
depth.depthCompare = WGPUCompareFunction_Less;
depth.stencilFront.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
depth.stencilBack.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor rp_desc = {};
rp_desc.layout = pipeline_layout_;
rp_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.pick_pipeline");
rp_desc.vertex.module = main_shader_module_;
rp_desc.vertex.entryPoint = svFromCStr("vs_pick");
rp_desc.vertex.bufferCount = 0;
rp_desc.fragment = &frag;
rp_desc.depthStencil = &depth;
rp_desc.primitive.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
rp_desc.primitive.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_Back;
rp_desc.primitive.frontFace = WGPUFrontFace_CCW;
rp_desc.multisample.count = 1;
rp_desc.multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
pick_pipeline_ = wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(device_, &rp_desc);
if (!pick_pipeline_) {
qWarning() << "wgpu pick pipeline creation failed";
return false;
}
return true;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::ensurePickAttachments(int w, int h) {
if (w <= 0 || h <= 0) return;
if (w == pick_w_ && h == pick_h_ && pick_color_view_) return;
if (pick_color_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(pick_color_view_); pick_color_view_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_color_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(pick_color_texture_); pick_color_texture_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_depth_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(pick_depth_view_); pick_depth_view_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_depth_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(pick_depth_texture_); pick_depth_texture_ = nullptr; }
WGPUTextureDescriptor cdesc = {};
cdesc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment | WGPUTextureUsage_CopySrc;
cdesc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
cdesc.size.width = uint32_t(w);
cdesc.size.height = uint32_t(h);
cdesc.size.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
cdesc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_R32Uint;
cdesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
cdesc.sampleCount = 1;
cdesc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.pick_color");
pick_color_texture_ = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(device_, &cdesc);
pick_color_view_ = wgpuTextureCreateView(pick_color_texture_, nullptr);
WGPUTextureDescriptor ddesc = {};
ddesc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment;
ddesc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
ddesc.size.width = uint32_t(w);
ddesc.size.height = uint32_t(h);
ddesc.size.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
ddesc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
ddesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
ddesc.sampleCount = 1;
ddesc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.pick_depth");
pick_depth_texture_ = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(device_, &ddesc);
WGPUTextureViewDescriptor dvdesc = {};
dvdesc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
dvdesc.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
dvdesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
dvdesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
dvdesc.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_DepthOnly;
pick_depth_view_ = wgpuTextureCreateView(pick_depth_texture_, &dvdesc);
if (!pick_staging_buffer_) {
// 256 B is the smallest aligned staging buffer that satisfies
// WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN for a single-row copy.
WGPUBufferDescriptor sb = {};
sb.size = 256;
sb.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst | WGPUBufferUsage_MapRead;
sb.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.pick_staging");
pick_staging_buffer_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &sb);
}
pick_w_ = w;
pick_h_ = h;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::releasePickResources() {
if (pick_color_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(pick_color_view_); pick_color_view_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_color_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(pick_color_texture_); pick_color_texture_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_depth_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(pick_depth_view_); pick_depth_view_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_depth_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(pick_depth_texture_); pick_depth_texture_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_staging_buffer_){ wgpuBufferRelease(pick_staging_buffer_); pick_staging_buffer_ = nullptr; }
if (pick_pipeline_) { wgpuRenderPipelineRelease(pick_pipeline_); pick_pipeline_ = nullptr; }
pick_w_ = pick_h_ = 0;
}
uint32_t WgpuViewportWindow::pickObjectAt(int x_pixels, int y_pixels) {
if (!pick_pipeline_ || !device_ || !queue_ || models_gpu_.empty()) return 0;
if (configured_w_ <= 0 || configured_h_ <= 0) return 0;
if (x_pixels < 0 || y_pixels < 0 ||
x_pixels >= configured_w_ || y_pixels >= configured_h_) return 0;
ensurePickAttachments(configured_w_, configured_h_);
if (!pick_color_view_ || !pick_depth_view_ || !pick_staging_buffer_) return 0;
// The current frame's visible_draws are already on the GPU (uploaded
// by the last render's cullModelCpuUpload), and the per-model bind
// groups + frame uniform are valid. Just encode a one-shot pick pass.
WGPUCommandEncoder enc = wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(device_, nullptr);
WGPURenderPassColorAttachment color = {};
color.view = pick_color_view_;
color.loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
color.storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
color.clearValue = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; // object_id == 0 means miss
color.depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED;
WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depth = {};
depth.view = pick_depth_view_;
depth.depthLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
depth.depthStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
depth.depthClearValue = 1.0f;
depth.stencilLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Undefined;
depth.stencilStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Undefined;
depth.stencilReadOnly = true;
WGPURenderPassDescriptor pass_desc = {};
pass_desc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
pass_desc.colorAttachments = &color;
pass_desc.depthStencilAttachment = &depth;
pass_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.pick_pass");
WGPURenderPassEncoder pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(enc, &pass_desc);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, pick_pipeline_);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, frame_bind_group_, 0, nullptr);
for (const auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) {
if (m.hidden || !m.bind_group || m.total_visible_vertices == 0) continue;
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 1, m.bind_group, 0, nullptr);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, m.total_visible_vertices, 1, 0, 0);
}
wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(pass);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(pass);
// Copy the single texel at (x, y) into the staging buffer's first 4 B.
WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo src = {};
src.texture = pick_color_texture_;
src.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;
src.origin.x = uint32_t(x_pixels);
src.origin.y = uint32_t(y_pixels);
WGPUTexelCopyBufferInfo dst = {};
dst.buffer = pick_staging_buffer_;
dst.layout.bytesPerRow = 256;
dst.layout.rowsPerImage = 1;
WGPUExtent3D extent = {};
extent.width = 1;
extent.height = 1;
extent.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer(enc, &src, &dst, &extent);
WGPUCommandBuffer cmd = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, nullptr);
wgpuQueueSubmit(queue_, 1, &cmd);
wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
// Sync wait for the readback — pick is interactive (click) and rare,
// so the GPU stall here is fine.
struct MapReq { bool done = false; bool ok = false; };
MapReq req;
WGPUBufferMapCallbackInfo mcb = {};
mcb.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents;
mcb.callback = [](WGPUMapAsyncStatus status, WGPUStringView /*msg*/,
void* ud1, void* /*ud2*/) {
auto* r = static_cast<MapReq*>(ud1);
r->done = true;
r->ok = (status == WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success);
};
mcb.userdata1 = &req;
wgpuBufferMapAsync(pick_staging_buffer_, WGPUMapMode_Read, 0, 256, mcb);
while (!req.done) wgpuInstanceProcessEvents(instance_);
if (!req.ok) return 0;
const uint32_t* mapped = static_cast<const uint32_t*>(
wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(pick_staging_buffer_, 0, 256));
const uint32_t object_id = mapped ? mapped[0] : 0u;
wgpuBufferUnmap(pick_staging_buffer_);
return object_id;
}
bool WgpuViewportWindow::buildHizPipeline() {
// Bind group layout: MSAA depth texture + small uniform.
WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry entries[2] = {};
entries[0].binding = 0;
entries[0].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
entries[0].texture.sampleType = WGPUTextureSampleType_Depth;
entries[0].texture.viewDimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
entries[0].texture.multisampled = 1;
entries[1].binding = 1;
entries[1].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
entries[1].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
entries[1].buffer.minBindingSize = 16; // 4 u32s
WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor bgl_desc = {};
bgl_desc.entryCount = 2;
bgl_desc.entries = entries;
bgl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_bgl");
hiz_bgl_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(device_, &bgl_desc);
WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pl_desc = {};
pl_desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 1;
pl_desc.bindGroupLayouts = &hiz_bgl_;
pl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_pipeline_layout");
hiz_pipeline_layout_ = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(device_, &pl_desc);
WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl_src = {};
wgsl_src.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL;
wgsl_src.code = svFromCStr(HIZ_WGSL);
WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor sm_desc = {};
sm_desc.nextInChain = &wgsl_src.chain;
sm_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_wgsl");
hiz_shader_module_ = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(device_, &sm_desc);
// Depth-only output, no colour target, no fragment writeout besides
// frag_depth. Single-sample.
WGPUDepthStencilState depth = {};
depth.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
depth.depthWriteEnabled = WGPUOptionalBool_True;
depth.depthCompare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
depth.stencilFront.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
depth.stencilBack.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor rp_desc = {};
rp_desc.layout = hiz_pipeline_layout_;
rp_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_pipeline");
rp_desc.vertex.module = hiz_shader_module_;
rp_desc.vertex.entryPoint = svFromCStr("vs_main");
rp_desc.vertex.bufferCount = 0;
WGPUFragmentState frag = {};
frag.module = hiz_shader_module_;
frag.entryPoint = svFromCStr("fs_main");
frag.targetCount = 0; // depth-only
rp_desc.fragment = &frag;
rp_desc.depthStencil = &depth;
rp_desc.primitive.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
rp_desc.primitive.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_None;
rp_desc.multisample.count = 1;
rp_desc.multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
hiz_pipeline_ = wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(device_, &rp_desc);
if (!hiz_pipeline_) {
qWarning() << "wgpu hiz pipeline creation failed";
return false;
}
WGPUBufferDescriptor ub_desc = {};
ub_desc.size = 16;
ub_desc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst;
ub_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_uniform");
hiz_uniform_buffer_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &ub_desc);
return true;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::ensureHizTextures(int viewport_w, int viewport_h) {
if (viewport_w <= 0 || viewport_h <= 0) return;
const uint32_t dst_w = HIZ_BASE_W;
const uint32_t dst_h = std::max<uint32_t>(
1, (uint32_t(viewport_h) * dst_w + uint32_t(viewport_w) / 2) / uint32_t(viewport_w));
if (dst_w == hiz_resolve_w_ && dst_h == hiz_resolve_h_ && hiz_resolve_view_) return;
if (hiz_resolve_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(hiz_resolve_view_); hiz_resolve_view_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_resolve_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(hiz_resolve_texture_); hiz_resolve_texture_ = nullptr; }
for (int s = 0; s < HIZ_SLOTS; ++s) {
if (hiz_staging_buffers_[s]) {
// Force any pending map to finish before release (defensive: shouldn't happen on resize).
if (hiz_slot_state_[s] == HizSlotState::Mapped) {
wgpuBufferUnmap(hiz_staging_buffers_[s]);
}
wgpuBufferRelease(hiz_staging_buffers_[s]);
hiz_staging_buffers_[s] = nullptr;
}
hiz_slot_state_[s] = HizSlotState::Idle;
}
hiz_write_idx_ = 0;
hiz_valid_ = false;
if (hiz_bind_group_) { wgpuBindGroupRelease(hiz_bind_group_); hiz_bind_group_ = nullptr; }
WGPUTextureDescriptor desc = {};
desc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment | WGPUTextureUsage_CopySrc;
desc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
desc.size.width = dst_w;
desc.size.height = dst_h;
desc.size.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
desc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
desc.mipLevelCount = 1;
desc.sampleCount = 1;
desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_resolve");
hiz_resolve_texture_ = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(device_, &desc);
WGPUTextureViewDescriptor vdesc = {};
vdesc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
vdesc.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
vdesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
vdesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
vdesc.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_DepthOnly;
hiz_resolve_view_ = wgpuTextureCreateView(hiz_resolve_texture_, &vdesc);
// Staging buffers: pad each row to 256-byte alignment. Two slots
// ping-pong so GPU fill of slot N overlaps CPU read of slot N-1.
hiz_padded_bpr_ = uint32_t(
(dst_w * sizeof(float) + WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN - 1)
/ WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN * WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN);
for (int s = 0; s < HIZ_SLOTS; ++s) {
WGPUBufferDescriptor bdesc = {};
bdesc.size = uint64_t(hiz_padded_bpr_) * uint64_t(dst_h);
bdesc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst | WGPUBufferUsage_MapRead;
bdesc.label = svFromCStr(s == 0 ? "ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_staging[0]"
: "ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_staging[1]");
hiz_staging_buffers_[s] = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &bdesc);
}
hiz_resolve_w_ = dst_w;
hiz_resolve_h_ = dst_h;
hiz_valid_ = false; // pyramid stale until next readback
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::releaseHizResources() {
if (hiz_bind_group_) { wgpuBindGroupRelease(hiz_bind_group_); hiz_bind_group_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_uniform_buffer_) { wgpuBufferRelease(hiz_uniform_buffer_); hiz_uniform_buffer_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_resolve_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(hiz_resolve_view_); hiz_resolve_view_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_resolve_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(hiz_resolve_texture_); hiz_resolve_texture_ = nullptr; }
for (int s = 0; s < HIZ_SLOTS; ++s) {
if (hiz_staging_buffers_[s]) {
if (hiz_slot_state_[s] == HizSlotState::Mapped) {
wgpuBufferUnmap(hiz_staging_buffers_[s]);
}
wgpuBufferRelease(hiz_staging_buffers_[s]);
hiz_staging_buffers_[s] = nullptr;
}
hiz_slot_state_[s] = HizSlotState::Idle;
}
hiz_write_idx_ = 0;
if (hiz_pipeline_) { wgpuRenderPipelineRelease(hiz_pipeline_); hiz_pipeline_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_shader_module_) { wgpuShaderModuleRelease(hiz_shader_module_); hiz_shader_module_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_pipeline_layout_) { wgpuPipelineLayoutRelease(hiz_pipeline_layout_); hiz_pipeline_layout_ = nullptr; }
if (hiz_bgl_) { wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(hiz_bgl_); hiz_bgl_ = nullptr; }
hiz_resolve_w_ = hiz_resolve_h_ = hiz_padded_bpr_ = 0;
hiz_valid_ = false;
hiz_pyramid_.clear();
hiz_mip_offset_.clear();
hiz_mip_w_.clear();
hiz_mip_h_.clear();
}
int WgpuViewportWindow::encodeHizResolve(WGPUCommandEncoder enc) {
if (!hiz_enabled_ || !hiz_pipeline_ || !hiz_resolve_view_ || !depth_view_) return -1;
// Pick an idle ping-pong slot. If both slots are in flight, skip the
// resolve for this frame — the cull keeps using whatever pyramid we
// already built (slightly more stale than usual, but never blocks).
int slot = -1;
for (int s = 0; s < HIZ_SLOTS; ++s) {
const int idx = (hiz_write_idx_ + s) % HIZ_SLOTS;
if (hiz_slot_state_[idx] == HizSlotState::Idle) { slot = idx; break; }
}
if (slot < 0) return -1;
hiz_write_idx_ = (slot + 1) % HIZ_SLOTS;
// (Re)build the bind group every frame is wasteful; only rebuild when the
// depth view itself was replaced (driven by surface resize). For now we
// recreate lazily — fine for the per-frame cost (couple of µs).
if (!hiz_bind_group_) {
WGPUBindGroupEntry entries[2] = {};
entries[0].binding = 0;
entries[0].textureView = depth_view_;
entries[1].binding = 1;
entries[1].buffer = hiz_uniform_buffer_;
entries[1].size = 16;
WGPUBindGroupDescriptor bg = {};
bg.layout = hiz_bgl_;
bg.entryCount = 2;
bg.entries = entries;
bg.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_bind_group");
hiz_bind_group_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(device_, &bg);
}
const uint32_t uniforms[4] = {
uint32_t(depth_w_), uint32_t(depth_h_),
hiz_resolve_w_, hiz_resolve_h_,
};
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, hiz_uniform_buffer_, 0, uniforms, sizeof(uniforms));
WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depth_att = {};
depth_att.view = hiz_resolve_view_;
depth_att.depthLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
depth_att.depthStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
depth_att.depthClearValue = 0.0f; // start at "nearest"; shader writes max
depth_att.stencilLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Undefined;
depth_att.stencilStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Undefined;
depth_att.depthReadOnly = false;
depth_att.stencilReadOnly = true;
WGPURenderPassDescriptor pass_desc = {};
pass_desc.colorAttachmentCount = 0;
pass_desc.depthStencilAttachment = &depth_att;
pass_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.hiz_resolve_pass");
WGPURenderPassEncoder pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(enc, &pass_desc);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, hiz_pipeline_);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, hiz_bind_group_, 0, nullptr);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, 3, 1, 0, 0);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(pass);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(pass);
// Copy the small resolved depth texture into the chosen staging slot.
WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo src = {};
src.texture = hiz_resolve_texture_;
src.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_DepthOnly;
WGPUTexelCopyBufferInfo dst = {};
dst.buffer = hiz_staging_buffers_[slot];
dst.layout.bytesPerRow = hiz_padded_bpr_;
dst.layout.rowsPerImage = hiz_resolve_h_;
WGPUExtent3D extent = {};
extent.width = hiz_resolve_w_;
extent.height = hiz_resolve_h_;
extent.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer(enc, &src, &dst, &extent);
return slot;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::startHizMap(int slot, const QMatrix4x4& vp_used) {
if (slot < 0 || slot >= HIZ_SLOTS) return;
if (!hiz_staging_buffers_[slot] || hiz_resolve_w_ == 0) return;
hiz_slot_vp_[slot] = vp_used;
hiz_slot_state_[slot] = HizSlotState::Mapping;
struct MapCtx { WgpuViewportWindow* self; int slot; };
auto* ctx = new MapCtx{ this, slot };
WGPUBufferMapCallbackInfo mcb = {};
mcb.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents;
mcb.callback = [](WGPUMapAsyncStatus status, WGPUStringView /*msg*/,
void* ud1, void* /*ud2*/) {
auto* c = static_cast<MapCtx*>(ud1);
if (status == WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success) {
c->self->hiz_slot_state_[c->slot] = HizSlotState::Mapped;
} else {
c->self->hiz_slot_state_[c->slot] = HizSlotState::Idle;
}
delete c;
};
mcb.userdata1 = ctx;
const size_t map_size = size_t(hiz_padded_bpr_) * size_t(hiz_resolve_h_);
wgpuBufferMapAsync(hiz_staging_buffers_[slot], WGPUMapMode_Read,
0, map_size, mcb);
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::drainHizReadbacks() {
if (!hiz_enabled_ || hiz_resolve_w_ == 0) return;
// Process any callbacks that have fired since last frame. Does NOT block:
// wgpuInstanceProcessEvents returns immediately after running ready
// callbacks. The mapAsync mode is AllowProcessEvents, so this is the
// correct drainage point.
wgpuInstanceProcessEvents(instance_);
for (int slot = 0; slot < HIZ_SLOTS; ++slot) {
if (hiz_slot_state_[slot] != HizSlotState::Mapped) continue;
const size_t map_size = size_t(hiz_padded_bpr_) * size_t(hiz_resolve_h_);
const uint8_t* mapped = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(
wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(hiz_staging_buffers_[slot], 0, map_size));
const uint32_t W0 = hiz_resolve_w_;
const uint32_t H0 = hiz_resolve_h_;
// (Re)build mip pyramid metadata if dimensions changed.
if (hiz_mip_offset_.empty()
|| hiz_mip_w_.empty() || hiz_mip_w_[0] != W0
|| hiz_mip_h_.empty() || hiz_mip_h_[0] != H0) {
hiz_mip_offset_.clear();
hiz_mip_w_.clear();
hiz_mip_h_.clear();
uint32_t total = 0;
uint32_t w = W0, h = H0;
while (true) {
hiz_mip_offset_.push_back(total);
hiz_mip_w_.push_back(w);
hiz_mip_h_.push_back(h);
total += w * h;
if (w == 1 && h == 1) break;
w = std::max(1u, w / 2u);
h = std::max(1u, h / 2u);
}
hiz_pyramid_.assign(total, 0.0f);
}
// Mip 0: strip per-row padding.
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < H0; ++y) {
std::memcpy(&hiz_pyramid_[y * W0],
mapped + size_t(y) * hiz_padded_bpr_,
W0 * sizeof(float));
}
wgpuBufferUnmap(hiz_staging_buffers_[slot]);
hiz_slot_state_[slot] = HizSlotState::Idle;
// Higher mips: max-reduce 2×2 children.
for (size_t L = 1; L < hiz_mip_offset_.size(); ++L) {
const uint32_t prev_w = hiz_mip_w_[L - 1];
const uint32_t prev_h = hiz_mip_h_[L - 1];
const uint32_t this_w = hiz_mip_w_[L];
const uint32_t this_h = hiz_mip_h_[L];
const float* src = &hiz_pyramid_[hiz_mip_offset_[L - 1]];
float* dst = &hiz_pyramid_[hiz_mip_offset_[L]];
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < this_h; ++y) {
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < this_w; ++x) {
const uint32_t x0 = std::min(prev_w - 1, x * 2u);
const uint32_t y0 = std::min(prev_h - 1, y * 2u);
const uint32_t x1 = std::min(prev_w - 1, x0 + 1u);
const uint32_t y1 = std::min(prev_h - 1, y0 + 1u);
const float a = src[y0 * prev_w + x0];
const float b = src[y0 * prev_w + x1];
const float c = src[y1 * prev_w + x0];
const float d = src[y1 * prev_w + x1];
dst[y * this_w + x] = std::max(std::max(a, b), std::max(c, d));
}
}
}
hiz_vp_ = hiz_slot_vp_[slot];
hiz_valid_ = true;
}
}
bool WgpuViewportWindow::aabbOccludedByHiz(const float mn[3], const float mx[3]) const {
if (!hiz_valid_ || hiz_mip_offset_.empty()) return false;
// Project the 8 corners of the AABB. Track:
// - min/max NDC x,y (screen-space bounds)
// - min projected z (nearest point of the AABB to the camera)
// - whether any corner has clip.w <= 0 (AABB straddles near plane)
const float* m = hiz_vp_.constData(); // column-major
auto applyVp = [m](float x, float y, float z, float out[4]) {
out[0] = m[0]*x + m[4]*y + m[8] *z + m[12];
out[1] = m[1]*x + m[5]*y + m[9] *z + m[13];
out[2] = m[2]*x + m[6]*y + m[10]*z + m[14];
out[3] = m[3]*x + m[7]*y + m[11]*z + m[15];
};
float nx_lo = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
float ny_lo = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
float nx_hi = -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
float ny_hi = -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
float min_z = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
const float x = (i & 1) ? mx[0] : mn[0];
const float y = (i & 2) ? mx[1] : mn[1];
const float z = (i & 4) ? mx[2] : mn[2];
float c[4]; applyVp(x, y, z, c);
if (c[3] <= 1e-4f) return false; // straddles or behind near
const float inv_w = 1.0f / c[3];
const float ndc_x = c[0] * inv_w;
const float ndc_y = c[1] * inv_w;
const float ndc_z = c[2] * inv_w;
nx_lo = std::min(nx_lo, ndc_x);
ny_lo = std::min(ny_lo, ndc_y);
nx_hi = std::max(nx_hi, ndc_x);
ny_hi = std::max(ny_hi, ndc_y);
min_z = std::min(min_z, ndc_z);
}
// Outside NDC entirely → frustum cull already handled this, but be safe.
if (nx_hi < -1.0f || nx_lo > 1.0f || ny_hi < -1.0f || ny_lo > 1.0f) return false;
if (min_z < 0.0f) return false; // crosses near plane
// Convert NDC AABB to pyramid-pixel AABB at mip 0.
// NDC y is +up; texture y is +down (matches our resolve shader's
// y-flip via clip_pos.y = -y).
const uint32_t W0 = hiz_mip_w_[0];
const uint32_t H0 = hiz_mip_h_[0];
const float u_lo = 0.5f * (nx_lo + 1.0f);
const float u_hi = 0.5f * (nx_hi + 1.0f);
const float v_lo = 0.5f * (1.0f - ny_hi);
const float v_hi = 0.5f * (1.0f - ny_lo);
int x0 = std::max(0, int(std::floor(u_lo * float(W0))));
int x1 = std::min(int(W0) - 1, int(std::ceil (u_hi * float(W0))));
int y0 = std::max(0, int(std::floor(v_lo * float(H0))));
int y1 = std::min(int(H0) - 1, int(std::ceil (v_hi * float(H0))));
if (x1 < x0 || y1 < y0) return false;
// Pick the smallest mip level where the AABB covers ≤ 2 texels per axis.
// Stops at the coarsest level so 1×1 always works.
const int side = std::max(x1 - x0 + 1, y1 - y0 + 1);
int level = 0;
while (level + 1 < int(hiz_mip_offset_.size()) && (1 << level) < side) ++level;
const uint32_t lw = hiz_mip_w_[level];
const uint32_t lh = hiz_mip_h_[level];
const int lx0 = std::max(0, int(x0) >> level);
const int ly0 = std::max(0, int(y0) >> level);
const int lx1 = std::min(int(lw) - 1, int(x1) >> level);
const int ly1 = std::min(int(lh) - 1, int(y1) >> level);
const float* level_data = &hiz_pyramid_[hiz_mip_offset_[level]];
float max_d = 0.0f;
for (int y = ly0; y <= ly1; ++y) {
for (int x = lx0; x <= lx1; ++x) {
max_d = std::max(max_d, level_data[y * int(lw) + x]);
}
}
// AABB occluded iff its nearest projected z is BEHIND the depth pyramid's
// coverage (greater in WebGPU's [0,1] z, where 0 is near, 1 is far).
return min_z > max_d;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::setBenchmarkFrames(int frames) {
bench_total_ = std::max(0, frames);
bench_count_ = 0;
bench_yaw_start_ = camera_yaw_deg_;
bench_frame_ms_.clear();
bench_frame_ms_.reserve(size_t(bench_total_));
if (isExposed() && bench_total_ > 0) requestUpdate();
}
uint32_t WgpuViewportWindow::cullModelCpuCompute(WgpuModelGpuData& m,
const float planes[6][4],
const float eye[3], const float forward[3],
float focal_px,
float min_radius_px,
float lod1_threshold_px,
bool hiz_enabled) const {
m.total_visible_vertices = 0;
m.total_visible_draws = 0;
uint32_t hiz_rejects = 0;
if (m.instances.empty() || m.meshes.empty()
|| !m.visible_draws_buffer || !m.prefix_sums_buffer || !m.per_model_uniform) {
return 0;
}
const bool contrib_enabled = (min_radius_px > 0.0f);
const bool lod_enabled = (lod1_threshold_px > 0.0f);
m.visible_draws_scratch.clear();
m.prefix_sums_scratch.clear();
m.prefix_sums_scratch.push_back(0); // prefix_sums[0] = 0
uint32_t running_vertex_count = 0;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < uint32_t(m.instances.size()); ++i) {
const auto& inst = m.instances[i];
if (inst.mesh_id >= m.meshes.size()) continue;
if (!aabbInFrustum(inst.world_aabb_min, inst.world_aabb_max, planes)) continue;
const MeshInfo& mesh = m.meshes[inst.mesh_id];
// Projected bounding-sphere radius in pixels — shared between the
// contribution-cull and LOD-pick decisions. Computed before HiZ so
// contribution can short-circuit the per-instance HiZ projection
// (which is the bulk of cull cost on dense scenes).
float projected_px = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
if (contrib_enabled || (lod_enabled && mesh.lod1_index_count > 0)) {
const float cx = 0.5f * (inst.world_aabb_min[0] + inst.world_aabb_max[0]);
const float cy = 0.5f * (inst.world_aabb_min[1] + inst.world_aabb_max[1]);
const float cz = 0.5f * (inst.world_aabb_min[2] + inst.world_aabb_max[2]);
const float ex = inst.world_aabb_max[0] - inst.world_aabb_min[0];
const float ey = inst.world_aabb_max[1] - inst.world_aabb_min[1];
const float ez = inst.world_aabb_max[2] - inst.world_aabb_min[2];
const float radius_world = 0.5f * std::sqrt(ex*ex + ey*ey + ez*ez);
const float view_z = forward[0] * (cx - eye[0])
+ forward[1] * (cy - eye[1])
+ forward[2] * (cz - eye[2]);
if (view_z > 1e-3f) {
projected_px = radius_world * focal_px / view_z;
}
}
// Contribution cull before HiZ: HiZ is by far the most expensive
// per-instance test (8-corner projection + mip pyramid sample), so
// letting cheap contribution drops happen first cuts the HiZ-tested
// population by ~5× on real scenes.
if (contrib_enabled && projected_px < min_radius_px) continue;
if (hiz_enabled
&& aabbOccludedByHiz(inst.world_aabb_min, inst.world_aabb_max)) {
++hiz_rejects;
continue;
}
const bool use_lod1 = lod_enabled
&& mesh.lod1_index_count > 0
&& projected_px < lod1_threshold_px;
// Emit one VisibleDraw entry per visible instance. Cross-mesh vertex
// pulling means the shader binary-searches prefix_sums to locate
// this entry from a global vertex_index.
WgpuModelGpuData::VisibleDrawGpu d;
d.mesh_id = inst.mesh_id;
d.instance_idx = i;
d.ebo_first_u32 = (use_lod1 ? mesh.lod1_ebo_byte_offset : mesh.ebo_byte_offset)
/ uint32_t(sizeof(uint32_t));
d.base_vertex = mesh.vbo_byte_offset / INSTANCED_VERTEX_STRIDE_BYTES;
m.visible_draws_scratch.push_back(d);
const uint32_t entry_vert_count = use_lod1 ? mesh.lod1_index_count
: mesh.index_count;
running_vertex_count += entry_vert_count;
m.prefix_sums_scratch.push_back(running_vertex_count);
}
m.total_visible_draws = uint32_t(m.visible_draws_scratch.size());
m.total_visible_vertices = running_vertex_count;
return hiz_rejects;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::cullModelCpuUpload(WgpuModelGpuData& m) {
if (!m.visible_draws_buffer || !m.prefix_sums_buffer || !m.per_model_uniform) return;
if (m.total_visible_draws == 0) {
// No visible geometry this frame; render() will skip the draw.
// Still update the uniform so the shader sees zero (defensive).
const uint32_t um[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, m.per_model_uniform, 0, um, sizeof(um));
return;
}
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, m.visible_draws_buffer, 0,
m.visible_draws_scratch.data(),
m.visible_draws_scratch.size()
* sizeof(WgpuModelGpuData::VisibleDrawGpu));
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, m.prefix_sums_buffer, 0,
m.prefix_sums_scratch.data(),
m.prefix_sums_scratch.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
const uint32_t um[4] = {
m.total_visible_draws,
m.total_visible_vertices,
0, 0,
};
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, m.per_model_uniform, 0, um, sizeof(um));
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::render() {
// Time the whole render() body (cull + encode + present) for the
// benchmark stats. Started before any wgpu work so cull is included.
QElapsedTimer frame_timer;
if (bench_total_ > 0) frame_timer.start();
// Drain any HiZ async readbacks that completed since last frame so the
// pyramid is as fresh as it can be before cull runs.
if (hiz_enabled_) drainHizReadbacks();
WGPUSurfaceTexture surf_tex = {};
wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture(surface_, &surf_tex);
switch (surf_tex.status) {
case WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_SuccessOptimal:
case WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_SuccessSuboptimal:
break; // proceed
case WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_Timeout:
case WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_Outdated:
case WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_Lost: {
// Reconfigure and try again next frame.
const int w = int(width() * devicePixelRatio());
const int h = int(height() * devicePixelRatio());
if (w > 0 && h > 0) configureSurface(w, h);
requestUpdate();
return;
}
default:
qWarning() << "GetCurrentTexture status" << int(surf_tex.status);
return;
}
WGPUTextureView view = wgpuTextureCreateView(surf_tex.texture, nullptr);
updateFrameUniforms();
// Per-frame cull: extract frustum planes from the same VP we just wrote
// into the uniform, then run cullModelCpu on every visible model. The
// cull writes its results directly into each model's visible_buffer via
// wgpuQueueWriteBuffer — these writes are sequenced before the draw
// commands we encode next.
last_visible_objects_ = 0;
last_visible_triangles_ = 0;
last_sub_draws_ = 0;
hiz_reject_count_ = 0;
QElapsedTimer cull_timer;
if (bench_total_ > 0) cull_timer.start();
QMatrix4x4 vp_this_frame;
{
const QVector3D target(camera_target_[0], camera_target_[1], camera_target_[2]);
const QVector3D eye = orbitEye(camera_target_, camera_distance_,
camera_yaw_deg_, camera_pitch_deg_);
QMatrix4x4 v; v.lookAt(eye, target, QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
const float aspect = (configured_h_ > 0)
? float(configured_w_) / float(configured_h_) : 1.0f;
QMatrix4x4 p; p.perspective(camera_fov_y_deg_, aspect, camera_near_, camera_far_);
QMatrix4x4 z; z(2, 2) = 0.5f; z(2, 3) = 0.5f;
const QMatrix4x4 vp = z * p * v;
vp_this_frame = vp;
float planes[6][4];
extractFrustumPlanes(vp.constData(), planes);
// LOD pick inputs: world-space eye, unit forward, vertical focal in
// pixels. focal_px maps view-space depth to projected radius:
// projected_px = world_radius * focal_px / view_z.
const QVector3D fwd_q = (target - eye).normalized();
const float eye_a[3] = { eye.x(), eye.y(), eye.z() };
const float fwd_a[3] = { fwd_q.x(), fwd_q.y(), fwd_q.z() };
const float focal_px = (configured_h_ > 0)
? (0.5f * float(configured_h_)
/ std::tan(qDegreesToRadians(camera_fov_y_deg_) * 0.5f))
: 0.0f;
// Motion detection: any change in camera state since last frame
// bumps the contribution threshold to motion_min_pixel_radius_
// (mirrors GL's NavPreset behaviour, drops more sub-pixel work
// during orbit/pan/zoom).
const bool camera_moved = has_prev_camera_
&& (camera_target_[0] != prev_camera_target_[0]
|| camera_target_[1] != prev_camera_target_[1]
|| camera_target_[2] != prev_camera_target_[2]
|| camera_distance_ != prev_camera_distance_
|| camera_yaw_deg_ != prev_camera_yaw_deg_
|| camera_pitch_deg_ != prev_camera_pitch_deg_);
const float effective_min_px =
(camera_moved && motion_min_pixel_radius_ > min_pixel_radius_)
? motion_min_pixel_radius_
: min_pixel_radius_;
// Cull each model on its own worker thread. wgpu queue writes are
// serialised on the main thread after the parallel compute joins —
// wgpu-native doesn't guarantee thread-safety on queue ops.
std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, std::future<uint32_t>>> futures;
futures.reserve(models_gpu_.size());
for (auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) {
if (m.hidden) continue;
auto& m_ref = m;
futures.emplace_back(mid, std::async(std::launch::async,
[this, &m_ref, &planes, &eye_a, &fwd_a,
focal_px, effective_min_px]() {
return cullModelCpuCompute(
m_ref, planes, eye_a, fwd_a, focal_px,
effective_min_px, lod1_pixel_threshold_,
hiz_enabled_);
}));
}
for (auto& [mid, fut] : futures) {
hiz_reject_count_ += fut.get();
}
for (auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) {
if (m.hidden) continue;
cullModelCpuUpload(m);
last_visible_objects_ += m.total_visible_draws;
last_visible_triangles_ += m.total_visible_vertices / 3u;
// One CPU drawcall per model now (cross-mesh vertex pulling).
if (m.total_visible_draws > 0) last_sub_draws_ += 1;
}
}
// Snapshot camera state for next frame's motion detection.
prev_camera_target_[0] = camera_target_[0];
prev_camera_target_[1] = camera_target_[1];
prev_camera_target_[2] = camera_target_[2];
prev_camera_distance_ = camera_distance_;
prev_camera_yaw_deg_ = camera_yaw_deg_;
prev_camera_pitch_deg_ = camera_pitch_deg_;
has_prev_camera_ = true;
if (bench_total_ > 0 && bench_count_ >= bench_warmup_) {
bench_cull_ms_total_ += double(cull_timer.nsecsElapsed()) / 1e6;
}
WGPUCommandEncoder enc = wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(device_, nullptr);
WGPURenderPassColorAttachment color = {};
color.view = msaa_color_view_; // render into 4× MSAA target
color.resolveTarget = view; // resolve to surface texture
color.loadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
color.storeOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
color.clearValue = {
srgbToLinear(background_color_.redF()),
srgbToLinear(background_color_.greenF()),
srgbToLinear(background_color_.blueF()),
1.0,
};
color.depthSlice = WGPU_DEPTH_SLICE_UNDEFINED;
WGPURenderPassDepthStencilAttachment depth = {};
depth.view = depth_view_;
depth.depthLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Clear;
depth.depthStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Store;
depth.depthClearValue = 1.0f;
depth.stencilLoadOp = WGPULoadOp_Undefined;
depth.stencilStoreOp = WGPUStoreOp_Undefined;
depth.depthReadOnly = false;
depth.stencilReadOnly = true;
WGPURenderPassDescriptor pass_desc = {};
pass_desc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
pass_desc.colorAttachments = &color;
pass_desc.depthStencilAttachment = depth_view_ ? &depth : nullptr;
WGPURenderPassEncoder pass = wgpuCommandEncoderBeginRenderPass(enc, &pass_desc);
if (main_pipeline_ && frame_bind_group_ && !models_gpu_.empty()) {
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetPipeline(pass, main_pipeline_);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 0, frame_bind_group_, 0, nullptr);
for (const auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) {
if (m.hidden || !m.bind_group || m.total_visible_vertices == 0) continue;
wgpuRenderPassEncoderSetBindGroup(pass, 1, m.bind_group, 0, nullptr);
// Single CPU drawcall per model. The vertex shader binary-
// searches prefix_sums by vertex_index to find (mesh, instance)
// and pulls index + vertex data manually from storage buffers.
wgpuRenderPassEncoderDraw(pass, m.total_visible_vertices, 1, 0, 0);
}
}
wgpuRenderPassEncoderEnd(pass);
wgpuRenderPassEncoderRelease(pass);
// ---- Edge silhouette post-process — reads MSAA depth, blends dark
// lines onto the resolved surface colour. Encoded before HiZ resolve
// so HiZ uses the same MSAA depth that produced the edges.
if (edges_enabled_) {
encodeEdgePass(enc, view);
}
// ---- HiZ: resolve MSAA depth → small single-sample → ping-pong slot
int hiz_submitted_slot = -1;
if (hiz_enabled_) {
hiz_submitted_slot = encodeHizResolve(enc);
}
// ---- Optional capture: encode copy on the same command buffer -------
WGPUBuffer capture_buffer = nullptr;
uint32_t capture_padded_bpr = 0;
const bool want_capture = !pending_screenshot_path_.isEmpty();
if (want_capture) {
const uint32_t row_bytes_unpadded = uint32_t(configured_w_) * 4u;
capture_padded_bpr = uint32_t(
(row_bytes_unpadded + WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN - 1)
/ WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN * WGPU_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGN);
const uint64_t total_bytes = uint64_t(capture_padded_bpr) * uint64_t(configured_h_);
WGPUBufferDescriptor bdesc = {};
bdesc.size = total_bytes;
bdesc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst | WGPUBufferUsage_MapRead;
bdesc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.capture");
capture_buffer = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &bdesc);
WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo src = {};
src.texture = surf_tex.texture;
src.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;
WGPUTexelCopyBufferInfo dst = {};
dst.buffer = capture_buffer;
dst.layout.bytesPerRow = capture_padded_bpr;
dst.layout.rowsPerImage = uint32_t(configured_h_);
WGPUExtent3D extent = {};
extent.width = uint32_t(configured_w_);
extent.height = uint32_t(configured_h_);
extent.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer(enc, &src, &dst, &extent);
}
WGPUCommandBuffer cmd = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(enc, nullptr);
wgpuQueueSubmit(queue_, 1, &cmd);
wgpuCommandBufferRelease(cmd);
wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(enc);
wgpuTextureViewRelease(view);
// ---- Optional capture: map + save PNG -------------------------------
if (want_capture && capture_buffer) {
struct MapReq { bool done = false; bool ok = false; };
MapReq req;
WGPUBufferMapCallbackInfo mcb = {};
mcb.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents;
mcb.callback = [](WGPUMapAsyncStatus status, WGPUStringView message,
void* ud1, void* /*ud2*/) {
auto* r = static_cast<MapReq*>(ud1);
r->done = true;
r->ok = (status == WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success);
if (!r->ok) {
qWarning().noquote() << "wgpu MapAsync failed:" << sv(message);
}
};
mcb.userdata1 = &req;
const uint64_t total_bytes = uint64_t(capture_padded_bpr) * uint64_t(configured_h_);
wgpuBufferMapAsync(capture_buffer, WGPUMapMode_Read, 0, size_t(total_bytes), mcb);
while (!req.done) wgpuInstanceProcessEvents(instance_);
if (req.ok) {
const uint8_t* mapped = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(
wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(capture_buffer, 0, size_t(total_bytes)));
// Assemble tightly-packed RGBA8 image. Surface is BGRA8 on most
// backends (we saw format=28 = BGRA8Unorm), so swap R/B on the
// fly. If a future surface_format_ is RGBA8, just memcpy.
const bool is_bgra =
surface_format_ == WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8Unorm ||
surface_format_ == WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8UnormSrgb;
const uint32_t w = uint32_t(configured_w_);
const uint32_t h = uint32_t(configured_h_);
QImage img(int(w), int(h), QImage::Format_RGBA8888);
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
const uint8_t* src_row = mapped + size_t(y) * capture_padded_bpr;
uint8_t* dst_row = img.scanLine(int(y));
if (is_bgra) {
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
dst_row[x * 4 + 0] = src_row[x * 4 + 2]; // R <- B
dst_row[x * 4 + 1] = src_row[x * 4 + 1]; // G
dst_row[x * 4 + 2] = src_row[x * 4 + 0]; // B <- R
dst_row[x * 4 + 3] = src_row[x * 4 + 3]; // A
}
} else {
std::memcpy(dst_row, src_row, size_t(w) * 4);
}
}
wgpuBufferUnmap(capture_buffer);
if (img.save(pending_screenshot_path_, "PNG")) {
qInfo().noquote() << "[wgpu] saved screenshot:"
<< pending_screenshot_path_ << "(" << w << "x" << h << ")";
} else {
qWarning().noquote() << "[wgpu] QImage::save failed for"
<< pending_screenshot_path_;
}
}
wgpuBufferRelease(capture_buffer);
const bool quit_after = pending_screenshot_quit_;
pending_screenshot_path_.clear();
pending_screenshot_quit_ = false;
if (quit_after) QCoreApplication::quit();
}
wgpuSurfacePresent(surface_);
wgpuTextureRelease(surf_tex.texture);
// ---- HiZ async readback handoff -------------------------------------
// Don't block — just kick off the mapAsync for the slot we filled this
// frame. Drainage happens at the top of the *next* frame via
// drainHizReadbacks(), giving the GPU at least one frame of headroom.
if (hiz_enabled_ && hiz_submitted_slot >= 0) {
QElapsedTimer hiz_timer;
if (bench_total_ > 0) hiz_timer.start();
startHizMap(hiz_submitted_slot, vp_this_frame);
if (bench_total_ > 0 && bench_count_ >= bench_warmup_) {
bench_hiz_readback_ms_total_ += double(hiz_timer.nsecsElapsed()) / 1e6;
}
}
// ---- Benchmark integration + auto-quit -------------------------------
if (bench_total_ > 0) {
const float ms = float(frame_timer.nsecsElapsed()) / 1e6f;
// Warm-up frames are dropped from the sample. The yaw advance starts
// immediately so the warmup frames already exercise different views.
if (bench_count_ >= bench_warmup_) {
bench_frame_ms_.push_back(ms);
}
camera_yaw_deg_ = bench_yaw_start_
+ bench_yaw_speed_ * float(bench_count_ + 1);
++bench_count_;
if (bench_count_ >= bench_warmup_ + bench_total_) {
// Final frame — assemble stats and emit. Format mirrors the GL
// minimal so output is line-diffable across backends.
std::vector<float> times = bench_frame_ms_;
std::sort(times.begin(), times.end());
auto pct = [&times](double p) -> float {
if (times.empty()) return 0.0f;
const size_t idx = std::min(times.size() - 1,
size_t(p * double(times.size() - 1)));
return times[idx];
};
float sum = 0.0f;
for (float f : times) sum += f;
const float avg = times.empty() ? 0.0f : sum / float(times.size());
const float median = pct(0.5);
const float p1 = pct(0.01);
const float p99 = pct(0.99);
const float total_sweep = bench_yaw_speed_ * float(bench_total_);
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< "\n=== BENCHMARK (" << bench_total_ << " frames, orbit "
<< total_sweep << "° at " << bench_yaw_speed_ << "°/frame) ===";
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< " avg: " << avg << " ms (" << (avg > 0 ? 1000.0f/avg : 0.0f) << " fps)";
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< " median: " << median << " ms (" << (median > 0 ? 1000.0f/median : 0.0f) << " fps)";
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< " p1: " << p1 << " ms p99: " << p99 << " ms";
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< " last frame: obj " << last_visible_objects_
<< " tri " << last_visible_triangles_
<< " sub_draws " << last_sub_draws_
<< " hiz_rej " << hiz_reject_count_;
const double n = double(std::max(1, bench_total_));
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< " per-frame avg ms: cull=" << bench_cull_ms_total_ / n
<< " hiz_readback=" << bench_hiz_readback_ms_total_ / n
<< " hiz=" << (hiz_enabled_ ? "on" : "off");
qInfo().noquote() << "=== END BENCHMARK ===\n";
bench_total_ = 0;
QCoreApplication::quit();
} else {
requestUpdate();
}
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Pipeline + bind-group layouts (built once after init)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool WgpuViewportWindow::buildPipelines() {
// ---- Bind group layouts ----------------------------------------------
WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry frame_entries[1] = {};
frame_entries[0].binding = 0;
frame_entries[0].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Vertex | WGPUShaderStage_Fragment;
frame_entries[0].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
frame_entries[0].buffer.minBindingSize = sizeof(FrameUniforms);
WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor frame_bgl_desc = {};
frame_bgl_desc.entryCount = 1;
frame_bgl_desc.entries = frame_entries;
frame_bgl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.frame_bgl");
frame_bgl_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(device_, &frame_bgl_desc);
// 6 read-only storage buffers (vertices, meshes, instances, indices,
// visible_draws, prefix_sums) + 1 uniform (per-model count). All read
// in the vertex shader. WebGPU's mandatory min is 8 storage / 12 uniform
// per stage, so we're comfortably under the cap.
WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry model_entries[7] = {};
for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
model_entries[i].binding = uint32_t(i);
model_entries[i].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Vertex;
model_entries[i].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_ReadOnlyStorage;
}
model_entries[6].binding = 6;
model_entries[6].visibility = WGPUShaderStage_Vertex;
model_entries[6].buffer.type = WGPUBufferBindingType_Uniform;
model_entries[6].buffer.minBindingSize = 16;
WGPUBindGroupLayoutDescriptor model_bgl_desc = {};
model_bgl_desc.entryCount = 7;
model_bgl_desc.entries = model_entries;
model_bgl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.model_bgl");
model_bgl_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroupLayout(device_, &model_bgl_desc);
// ---- Pipeline layout -------------------------------------------------
WGPUBindGroupLayout bgls[2] = { frame_bgl_, model_bgl_ };
WGPUPipelineLayoutDescriptor pl_desc = {};
pl_desc.bindGroupLayoutCount = 2;
pl_desc.bindGroupLayouts = bgls;
pl_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.pipeline_layout");
pipeline_layout_ = wgpuDeviceCreatePipelineLayout(device_, &pl_desc);
// ---- Shader module ---------------------------------------------------
WGPUShaderSourceWGSL wgsl_src = {};
wgsl_src.chain.sType = WGPUSType_ShaderSourceWGSL;
wgsl_src.code = svFromCStr(MAIN_WGSL);
WGPUShaderModuleDescriptor sm_desc = {};
sm_desc.nextInChain = &wgsl_src.chain;
sm_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.main_wgsl");
main_shader_module_ = wgpuDeviceCreateShaderModule(device_, &sm_desc);
// ---- Render pipeline -------------------------------------------------
WGPUColorTargetState color_target = {};
color_target.format = surface_format_;
color_target.writeMask = WGPUColorWriteMask_All;
WGPUFragmentState frag = {};
frag.module = main_shader_module_;
frag.entryPoint = svFromCStr("fs_main");
frag.targetCount = 1;
frag.targets = &color_target;
WGPUDepthStencilState depth = {};
depth.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
depth.depthWriteEnabled = WGPUOptionalBool_True;
depth.depthCompare = WGPUCompareFunction_Less;
depth.stencilFront.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
depth.stencilBack.compare = WGPUCompareFunction_Always;
WGPURenderPipelineDescriptor rp_desc = {};
rp_desc.layout = pipeline_layout_;
rp_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.main_pipeline");
rp_desc.vertex.module = main_shader_module_;
rp_desc.vertex.entryPoint = svFromCStr("vs_main");
rp_desc.vertex.bufferCount = 0; // vertex pulling: no IA bindings
rp_desc.fragment = &frag;
rp_desc.depthStencil = &depth;
rp_desc.primitive.topology = WGPUPrimitiveTopology_TriangleList;
rp_desc.primitive.cullMode = WGPUCullMode_Back;
rp_desc.primitive.frontFace = WGPUFrontFace_CCW;
rp_desc.multisample.count = SAMPLE_COUNT;
rp_desc.multisample.mask = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
main_pipeline_ = wgpuDeviceCreateRenderPipeline(device_, &rp_desc);
if (!main_pipeline_) {
qWarning() << "wgpu main render pipeline creation failed";
return false;
}
// ---- Per-frame uniform buffer + bind group ---------------------------
WGPUBufferDescriptor fb_desc = {};
fb_desc.size = sizeof(FrameUniforms);
fb_desc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_Uniform | WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst;
fb_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.frame_uniform");
frame_uniform_buffer_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device_, &fb_desc);
WGPUBindGroupEntry fbg_entries[1] = {};
fbg_entries[0].binding = 0;
fbg_entries[0].buffer = frame_uniform_buffer_;
fbg_entries[0].offset = 0;
fbg_entries[0].size = sizeof(FrameUniforms);
WGPUBindGroupDescriptor fbg_desc = {};
fbg_desc.layout = frame_bgl_;
fbg_desc.entryCount = 1;
fbg_desc.entries = fbg_entries;
fbg_desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.frame_bind_group");
frame_bind_group_ = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(device_, &fbg_desc);
return true;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::buildModelBindGroup(WgpuModelGpuData& m) {
if (m.bind_group) {
wgpuBindGroupRelease(m.bind_group);
m.bind_group = nullptr;
}
if (!m.vertex_storage || !m.mesh_storage || !m.instance_storage
|| !m.index_buffer || !m.visible_draws_buffer || !m.prefix_sums_buffer
|| !m.per_model_uniform) {
// Empty model — no bind group needed; the draw loop will skip it.
return;
}
WGPUBindGroupEntry entries[7] = {};
entries[0].binding = 0;
entries[0].buffer = m.vertex_storage;
entries[0].size = WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE;
entries[1].binding = 1;
entries[1].buffer = m.mesh_storage;
entries[1].size = WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE;
entries[2].binding = 2;
entries[2].buffer = m.instance_storage;
entries[2].size = WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE;
entries[3].binding = 3;
entries[3].buffer = m.index_buffer;
entries[3].size = WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE;
entries[4].binding = 4;
entries[4].buffer = m.visible_draws_buffer;
entries[4].size = WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE;
entries[5].binding = 5;
entries[5].buffer = m.prefix_sums_buffer;
entries[5].size = WGPU_WHOLE_SIZE;
entries[6].binding = 6;
entries[6].buffer = m.per_model_uniform;
entries[6].size = 16;
WGPUBindGroupDescriptor desc = {};
desc.layout = model_bgl_;
desc.entryCount = 7;
desc.entries = entries;
desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.model_bind_group");
m.bind_group = wgpuDeviceCreateBindGroup(device_, &desc);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Depth attachment
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WgpuViewportWindow::ensureDepthTexture(int w, int h) {
if (w == depth_w_ && h == depth_h_ && depth_view_) return;
releaseDepthTexture();
WGPUTextureDescriptor desc = {};
// TextureBinding is needed so the HiZ resolve pass can sample this as
// a texture_depth_multisampled_2d in its fragment shader.
desc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment | WGPUTextureUsage_TextureBinding;
desc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
desc.size.width = uint32_t(w);
desc.size.height = uint32_t(h);
desc.size.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
desc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
desc.mipLevelCount = 1;
desc.sampleCount = SAMPLE_COUNT; // matches MSAA color target
desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.depth");
depth_texture_ = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(device_, &desc);
WGPUTextureViewDescriptor vdesc = {};
vdesc.format = WGPUTextureFormat_Depth32Float;
vdesc.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
vdesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
vdesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
vdesc.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_DepthOnly;
depth_view_ = wgpuTextureCreateView(depth_texture_, &vdesc);
depth_w_ = w;
depth_h_ = h;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::releaseDepthTexture() {
if (depth_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(depth_view_); depth_view_ = nullptr; }
if (depth_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(depth_texture_); depth_texture_ = nullptr; }
depth_w_ = depth_h_ = 0;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::ensureMsaaColorTexture(int w, int h) {
if (w == msaa_w_ && h == msaa_h_ && msaa_color_view_) return;
releaseMsaaColorTexture();
WGPUTextureDescriptor desc = {};
desc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment;
desc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
desc.size.width = uint32_t(w);
desc.size.height = uint32_t(h);
desc.size.depthOrArrayLayers = 1;
desc.format = surface_format_;
desc.mipLevelCount = 1;
desc.sampleCount = SAMPLE_COUNT;
desc.label = svFromCStr("ifcviewer-wgpu.msaa_color");
msaa_color_texture_ = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(device_, &desc);
msaa_color_view_ = wgpuTextureCreateView(msaa_color_texture_, nullptr);
msaa_w_ = w;
msaa_h_ = h;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::releaseMsaaColorTexture() {
if (msaa_color_view_) { wgpuTextureViewRelease(msaa_color_view_); msaa_color_view_ = nullptr; }
if (msaa_color_texture_) { wgpuTextureRelease(msaa_color_texture_); msaa_color_texture_ = nullptr; }
msaa_w_ = msaa_h_ = 0;
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Camera + frame uniforms
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Orbit camera around `camera_target_`. World +Z up (BIM convention). Yaw is
// rotation about Z (positive = anticlockwise looking down +Z); pitch is
// elevation above the XY plane.
static QVector3D orbitEye(const float target[3], float dist,
float yaw_deg, float pitch_deg) {
// Matches the GL ViewportWindow::updateCamera convention exactly so the
// orbit pivot, framing, and benchmark camera path align between backends.
// eye.x = target.x + dist * cos(pitch) * cos(yaw)
// eye.y = target.y + dist * cos(pitch) * sin(yaw)
// eye.z = target.z + dist * sin(pitch)
const float yaw = qDegreesToRadians(yaw_deg);
const float pit = qDegreesToRadians(pitch_deg);
const float cp = std::cos(pit), sp = std::sin(pit);
const float cy = std::cos(yaw), sy = std::sin(yaw);
return QVector3D(target[0] + dist * cp * cy,
target[1] + dist * cp * sy,
target[2] + dist * sp);
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::updateFrameUniforms() {
const QVector3D target(camera_target_[0], camera_target_[1], camera_target_[2]);
const QVector3D eye = orbitEye(camera_target_, camera_distance_,
camera_yaw_deg_, camera_pitch_deg_);
QMatrix4x4 view;
view.lookAt(eye, target, QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
const float aspect = (configured_h_ > 0)
? float(configured_w_) / float(configured_h_)
: 1.0f;
QMatrix4x4 proj;
proj.perspective(camera_fov_y_deg_, aspect, camera_near_, camera_far_);
// Qt builds a GL-style projection (clip-z in [-1, 1]); WebGPU expects
// clip-z in [0, 1]. Pre-multiply by a remap matrix that maps [-1,1] → [0,1].
QMatrix4x4 z_remap; // identity
z_remap(2, 2) = 0.5f;
z_remap(2, 3) = 0.5f;
const QMatrix4x4 view_proj = z_remap * proj * view;
FrameUniforms u = {};
std::memcpy(u.view_proj, view_proj.constData(), 16 * sizeof(float));
// Values match the GL viewport's main fragment shader so a side-by-side
// diff of the two backends only shows what the wgpu pipeline has yet to
// implement (edge silhouette pass, MSAA polish, etc.) — not lighting
// model differences. Key + fill are ~unit-length, ~120° apart.
QVector3D L( 0.3f, 0.5f, 0.8f); L.normalize();
QVector3D F(-0.3f, -0.5f, 0.8f); F.normalize();
u.light_dir[0] = L.x(); u.light_dir[1] = L.y(); u.light_dir[2] = L.z(); u.light_dir[3] = 0;
u.fill_dir [0] = F.x(); u.fill_dir [1] = F.y(); u.fill_dir [2] = F.z(); u.fill_dir [3] = 0;
u.sky_color [0] = 0.55f; u.sky_color [1] = 0.60f; u.sky_color [2] = 0.70f;
u.ground_color[0] = 0.35f; u.ground_color[1] = 0.32f; u.ground_color[2] = 0.28f;
wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, frame_uniform_buffer_, 0, &u, sizeof(u));
}
bool WgpuViewportWindow::computeSceneAabb(float mn[3], float mx[3]) const {
bool any = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
mn[i] = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
mx[i] = -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
}
for (const auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) {
if (m.hidden) continue;
for (const auto& inst : m.instances) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
mn[i] = std::min(mn[i], inst.world_aabb_min[i]);
mx[i] = std::max(mx[i], inst.world_aabb_max[i]);
}
any = true;
}
}
return any;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::setCamera(float tx, float ty, float tz,
float dist, float yaw_deg, float pitch_deg) {
camera_target_[0] = tx;
camera_target_[1] = ty;
camera_target_[2] = tz;
camera_distance_ = std::max(0.01f, dist);
camera_yaw_deg_ = yaw_deg;
camera_pitch_deg_ = std::clamp(pitch_deg, -89.9f, 89.9f);
// Suppress the auto-viewAll on the first model load so the script-set
// camera survives. Manual viewAll() calls after this still work.
initial_view_applied_ = true;
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::viewAll() {
float mn[3], mx[3];
if (!computeSceneAabb(mn, mx)) return;
// Frame the union AABB with the same math as GL's frameAabb(mn, mx, 1.10):
// target at centroid, distance pulls the bounding sphere just inside the
// tighter of the horizontal/vertical FOV. Padding 1.10 matches GL viewAll.
const float cx = 0.5f * (mn[0] + mx[0]);
const float cy = 0.5f * (mn[1] + mx[1]);
const float cz = 0.5f * (mn[2] + mx[2]);
camera_target_[0] = cx;
camera_target_[1] = cy;
camera_target_[2] = cz;
const float dx = mx[0] - mn[0];
const float dy = mx[1] - mn[1];
const float dz = mx[2] - mn[2];
const float radius = 0.5f * std::sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz);
if (radius > 1e-4f) {
const float fovy_rad = qDegreesToRadians(camera_fov_y_deg_);
const float tan_half = std::tan(fovy_rad * 0.5f);
if (tan_half > 1e-6f) {
const int h = std::max(configured_h_, 1);
const float aspect = float(std::max(configured_w_, 1)) / float(h);
const float min_aspect = aspect < 1.0f ? aspect : 1.0f;
camera_distance_ = std::max(0.1f, (radius / (tan_half * min_aspect)) * 1.10f);
}
}
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< "[wgpu] viewAll target=(" << cx << ", " << cy << ", " << cz << ")"
<< " distance=" << camera_distance_
<< " (scene radius=" << radius << ")";
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// One-shot framebuffer capture → PNG
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// WebGPU's buffer<->texture copies require bytes-per-row to be a multiple of
// 256. For an RGBA8 (or BGRA8) source the natural row stride width*4 rarely
// satisfies that, so we round up and strip the padding when assembling the
// QImage.
//
// Capture flow:
// 1. After the render pass + before present, encode a copyTextureToBuffer
// into a CPU-mappable buffer.
// 2. Submit, then wgpuBufferMapAsync (CallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents) and
// spin wgpuInstanceProcessEvents until the callback signals completion.
// 3. Strip per-row padding into a QImage; convert BGRA↔RGBA if needed;
// save PNG; optionally quit the app.
#include <QImage>
#include <QCoreApplication>
void WgpuViewportWindow::captureNextFrameToPng(const QString& path, bool quit_after) {
pending_screenshot_path_ = path;
pending_screenshot_quit_ = quit_after;
if (isExposed()) requestUpdate();
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Mouse navigation — orbit, pan, zoom
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// LMB drag → orbit (yaw/pitch). MMB drag → pan (target moves in the camera's
// screen-space plane). Wheel → zoom (camera_distance_ multiplies). Pitch is
// clamped just shy of ±90° to avoid the gimbal-flip at the poles.
//
// No nav-preset awareness yet (Blender/Rhino/Revit bindings come later); we
// don't have selection bound, so LMB is free to orbit.
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QWheelEvent>
void WgpuViewportWindow::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
nav_active_button_ = event->button();
nav_last_pos_ = event->position().toPoint();
nav_press_pos_ = nav_last_pos_;
nav_dragged_ = false;
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
if (event->button() == nav_active_button_) {
// LMB-click without drag → pick the object under the cursor.
if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton && !nav_dragged_) {
const QPoint pos = event->position().toPoint();
const int px = int(pos.x() * devicePixelRatio());
const int py = int(pos.y() * devicePixelRatio());
const uint32_t id = pickObjectAt(px, py);
if (id != 0) {
qInfo().noquote().nospace()
<< "[wgpu pick] object_id=" << id << " at (" << pos.x()
<< ", " << pos.y() << ")";
} else {
qInfo().noquote() << "[wgpu pick] miss";
}
}
nav_active_button_ = Qt::NoButton;
}
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
if (nav_active_button_ == Qt::NoButton) return;
const QPoint pos = event->position().toPoint();
const int dx = pos.x() - nav_last_pos_.x();
const int dy = pos.y() - nav_last_pos_.y();
nav_last_pos_ = pos;
// Promote to drag past 3 px so a wobbly click doesn't get reclassified.
if (!nav_dragged_) {
const int adx = std::abs(pos.x() - nav_press_pos_.x());
const int ady = std::abs(pos.y() - nav_press_pos_.y());
if (adx + ady > 3) nav_dragged_ = true;
}
if (nav_active_button_ == Qt::LeftButton) {
// Orbit. Sign convention matches the GL viewport: drag-right rotates
// the world right (yaw -= dx), drag-down tilts the camera up so we
// see more of the object's top (pitch += dy). 0.4 deg/px feels right
// for a 1280-wide window.
camera_yaw_deg_ -= float(dx) * 0.4f;
camera_pitch_deg_ += float(dy) * 0.4f;
camera_pitch_deg_ = std::clamp(camera_pitch_deg_, -89.9f, 89.9f);
requestUpdate();
} else if (nav_active_button_ == Qt::MiddleButton) {
// Pan in the camera's screen-space plane. World units per pixel
// tracks the view-frustum width at the pivot's depth so panning
// feels constant regardless of zoom.
const QVector3D target(camera_target_[0], camera_target_[1], camera_target_[2]);
const QVector3D eye = orbitEye(camera_target_, camera_distance_,
camera_yaw_deg_, camera_pitch_deg_);
const QVector3D fwd = (target - eye).normalized();
const QVector3D right = QVector3D::crossProduct(fwd, QVector3D(0, 0, 1)).normalized();
const QVector3D up = QVector3D::crossProduct(right, fwd).normalized();
const float half_h_world = camera_distance_
* std::tan(qDegreesToRadians(camera_fov_y_deg_) * 0.5f);
const float pan_per_pixel = (height() > 0)
? (2.0f * half_h_world / float(height()))
: 0.0f;
const QVector3D shift = -right * (float(dx) * pan_per_pixel)
+ up * (float(dy) * pan_per_pixel);
camera_target_[0] += shift.x();
camera_target_[1] += shift.y();
camera_target_[2] += shift.z();
requestUpdate();
}
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::wheelEvent(QWheelEvent* event) {
// 120 = one notch on a typical mouse. Each notch zooms ~12% in/out;
// sign matches conventional "wheel up = zoom in".
const float notches = float(event->angleDelta().y()) / 120.0f;
const float factor = std::pow(0.9f, notches);
camera_distance_ = std::max(0.01f, camera_distance_ * factor);
requestUpdate();
}
void WgpuViewportWindow::shutdown() {
// Release per-model buffers before the device they were created from.
for (auto& [mid, m] : models_gpu_) releaseWgpuModelGpuData(m);
models_gpu_.clear();
releaseDepthTexture();
releaseMsaaColorTexture();
releaseHizResources();
releaseEdgeResources();
releasePickResources();
if (frame_bind_group_) { wgpuBindGroupRelease(frame_bind_group_); frame_bind_group_ = nullptr; }
if (frame_uniform_buffer_) { wgpuBufferRelease(frame_uniform_buffer_); frame_uniform_buffer_ = nullptr; }
if (main_pipeline_) { wgpuRenderPipelineRelease(main_pipeline_); main_pipeline_ = nullptr; }
if (main_shader_module_) { wgpuShaderModuleRelease(main_shader_module_); main_shader_module_ = nullptr; }
if (pipeline_layout_) { wgpuPipelineLayoutRelease(pipeline_layout_); pipeline_layout_ = nullptr; }
if (model_bgl_) { wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(model_bgl_); model_bgl_ = nullptr; }
if (frame_bgl_) { wgpuBindGroupLayoutRelease(frame_bgl_); frame_bgl_ = nullptr; }
if (queue_) { wgpuQueueRelease(queue_); queue_ = nullptr; }
if (device_) { wgpuDeviceRelease(device_); device_ = nullptr; }
if (adapter_) { wgpuAdapterRelease(adapter_); adapter_ = nullptr; }
if (surface_) { wgpuSurfaceRelease(surface_); surface_ = nullptr; }
if (instance_) { wgpuInstanceRelease(instance_); instance_ = nullptr; }
wgpu_initialized_ = false;
surface_configured_ = false;
}