New file src/materials/abstract_material.jl defining material model architecture:
- AbstractMaterial base type for all materials
- AbstractElasticMaterial for stateless materials (no history)
- AbstractPlasticMaterial for stateful materials (plastic strain, etc.)
- compute_stress() interface: (material, ε, state_old, Δt) → (σ, 𝔻, state_new)
- State management convention for Newton iterations
- Thread-safe and GPU-compatible design principles
- 229 lines with comprehensive documentation and examples