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refactor(physics): replace Physics struct with trait-based category types

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Replace monolithic Physics struct and boundary condition types with
simpler physics category types used for trait-based dispatch.

- Remove Physics struct (Formulation, Field, Mesh, Material coupling)
- Remove DirichletBC and NeumannBC boundary condition storage types
- Remove Constraint type
- Add Elasticity{Dim} and Thermal{Dim} physics category types
- Add required_field_type trait function for physics-to-field mapping
- Simplify to type tags for material trait dispatch
- Support compile-time field type inference from physics
- Align with new architecture: physics types are dispatch tags, not problem containers
This commit is contained in:
Jukka Aho
2025-12-12 23:45:16 +02:00
parent ddb00eda0c
commit d59b32fed5
1 changed files with 69 additions and 183 deletions
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src/physics/types.jl
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# License is MIT: see https://github.com/JuliaFEM/JuliaFEM.jl/blob/master/LICENSE.md
"""
Physics type definitions.
Physics category types for material trait dispatch.
This file defines the concrete `Physics` struct and boundary condition storage types.
Abstract interface defined in `src/physics/abstract.jl` and `src/physics/api.jl`.
Defines abstract physics categories used for:
- Material trait functions (required_field_type)
- Material cache generation
- Physics-based dispatch
These are lower-level type tags, not complete FEM problems.
"""
# ============================================================================
# HELPER TYPES
# ============================================================================
"""
Constraint
Elasticity{Dim} <: AbstractPhysics
Internal constraint for constrained optimization (contact, incompressibility, etc.).
Elasticity physics in Dim dimensions (2D or 3D).
Placeholder for future constraint handling.
"""
struct Constraint end
# ============================================================================
# BOUNDARY CONDITION STORAGE
# ============================================================================
"""
DirichletBC
Essential boundary conditions (prescribed displacements, temperatures, etc.).
# Fields
- `node_ids::Vector{Int}` - Node IDs with prescribed values
- `components::Vector{Vector{Int}}` - Which DOF components per node
- `values::Vector{Float64}` - Prescribed values
"""
mutable struct DirichletBC
node_ids::Vector{Int}
components::Vector{Vector{Int}}
values::Vector{Float64}
DirichletBC() = new(Int[], Vector{Int}[], Float64[])
end
"""
NeumannBC
Natural boundary conditions (surface tractions, heat flux, etc.).
# Fields
- `surface_ids::Vector{Int}` - Surface/edge element IDs
- `values::Vector{Vec{3,Float64}}` - Traction vectors per surface
"""
mutable struct NeumannBC
surface_ids::Vector{Int}
values::Vector{Vec{3,Float64}}
NeumannBC() = new(Int[], Vec{3,Float64}[])
end
# ============================================================================
# PHYSICS STRUCT
# ============================================================================
"""
Physics{Formulation<:AbstractFormulation, Field<:AbstractField, Mesh<:AbstractMesh, Material<:AbstractMaterial} <: AbstractPhysics
Concrete physics implementation coupling mesh, material, field, and formulation.
# Type Parameters (dispatch-optimized order)
- `Formulation`: How we discretize (e.g., ContinuumFormulation{FullThreeD})
- `Field`: What we solve (e.g., Displacement{3}, Temperature)
- `Mesh`: Mesh type (e.g., Mesh{Hex8}, Mesh{Tet10})
- `Material`: Material type (e.g., LinearElastic, NeoHookean)
# Fields
- `name::String`: Problem name
- `mesh::Mesh`: Reference to mesh (topology owner - NOT copied!)
- `element_set::Symbol`: Which elements in mesh this physics applies to
- `field::Field`: Field instance
- `formulation::Formulation`: Formulation instance
- `material::Material`: Material properties
- `constraints::Vector{Constraint}`: Optional internal constraints
- `bc_dirichlet::DirichletBC`: Essential boundary conditions
- `bc_neumann::NeumannBC`: Natural boundary conditions
# Design Philosophy
**Physics references Mesh (does not own it)**. This enables:
- Multiple physics sharing one mesh (multiphysics)
- Memory efficiency (no mesh duplication)
- Natural domain decomposition
**Type parameter order** optimized for dispatch:
Used for trait-based dispatch to determine required fields:
```julia
# Specialized methods for formulation × field combinations
assemble!(::Physics{ContinuumFormulation{FullThreeD}, Displacement{3}, M, Mat})
assemble!(::Physics{BeamFormulation{Timoshenko}, DisplacementRotation{3}, M, Mat})
# Generic fallback
assemble!(::Physics{Fm, F, M, Mat}) where {Fm,F,M,Mat}
```
# Example
```julia
mesh = Mesh{Hex8}(nodes, connectivity)
material = LinearElastic(E=210e9, ν=0.3)
physics = Physics(
name = "cantilever",
mesh = mesh,
element_set = :all,
field = Displacement{3}(),
formulation = ContinuumFormulation{FullThreeD}(),
material = material
)
add_dirichlet!(physics, [1,2,3], [1,2,3], 0.0)
sol = solve!(physics)
required_field_type(Elasticity{3}()) # → Displacement{3}
```
"""
struct Physics{Formulation<:AbstractFormulation,Field<:AbstractField,Mesh<:AbstractMesh,Material<:AbstractMaterial} <: AbstractPhysics
name::String
mesh::Mesh
element_set::Symbol
field::Field
formulation::Formulation
material::Material
constraints::Vector{Constraint}
bc_dirichlet::DirichletBC
bc_neumann::NeumannBC
# Inner constructor with type parameter validation
function Physics{Formulation,Field,Mesh,Material}(
name::String,
mesh::Mesh,
element_set::Symbol,
field::Field,
formulation::Formulation,
material::Material,
constraints::Vector{Constraint},
bc_dirichlet::DirichletBC,
bc_neumann::NeumannBC
) where {Formulation<:AbstractFormulation,Field<:AbstractField,Mesh<:AbstractMesh,Material<:AbstractMaterial}
new{Formulation,Field,Mesh,Material}(
name, mesh, element_set, field, formulation, material,
constraints, bc_dirichlet, bc_neumann
)
end
end
# ============================================================================
# PHYSICS CONSTRUCTOR
# ============================================================================
struct Elasticity{Dim} <: AbstractPhysics end
"""
Physics(; name, mesh, element_set, field, formulation, material, constraints=Constraint[])
Thermal{Dim} <: AbstractPhysics
Create a physics problem with automatic type inference.
# Keyword Arguments
- `name::String`: Problem name
- `mesh`: Mesh instance (topology owner)
- `element_set::Symbol`: Which elements in mesh to use (e.g., :all, :solid)
- `field`: Field instance (e.g., Displacement{3}(), Temperature())
- `formulation`: Formulation instance (e.g., ContinuumFormulation{FullThreeD}())
- `material`: Material instance (e.g., LinearElastic(E=210e9, ν=0.3))
- `constraints`: Optional constraints (default: empty)
# Returns
`Physics{Fm,F,M,Mat}` with fully inferred type parameters
# Example
Thermal physics (heat transfer) in Dim dimensions (2D or 3D).
Used for trait-based dispatch:
```julia
physics = Physics(
name = "cantilever",
mesh = Mesh{Hex8}(nodes, connectivity),
element_set = :all,
field = Displacement{3}(),
formulation = ContinuumFormulation{FullThreeD}(),
material = LinearElastic(E=210e9, ν=0.3)
)
# Type: Physics{ContinuumFormulation{FullThreeD}, Displacement{3}, Mesh{Hex8}, LinearElastic}
required_field_type(Thermal{2}()) # → Temperature (2D plane heat)
required_field_type(Thermal{3}()) # → Temperature (3D heat)
required_field_type(Thermal{2}()) # → Temperature (rotational symmetric 2D)
```
"""
function Physics(;
name::String,
mesh::M,
element_set::Symbol,
field::F,
formulation::Fm,
material::Mat,
constraints::Vector{Constraint}=Constraint[]
) where {M<:AbstractMesh,Mat<:AbstractMaterial,F<:AbstractField,Fm<:AbstractFormulation}
bc_dirichlet = DirichletBC()
bc_neumann = NeumannBC()
struct Thermal{Dim} <: AbstractPhysics end
return Physics{Fm,F,M,Mat}(
name, mesh, element_set, field, formulation, material,
constraints, bc_dirichlet, bc_neumann
)
# Note: Fluid physics type will be added when Velocity field type is implemented
# """
# Fluid{Dim} <: AbstractPhysics
#
# Fluid physics in Dim dimensions.
#
# Used for trait-based dispatch:
# ```julia
# required_field_type(Fluid{3}()) # → Velocity{3}
# ```
# """
# struct Fluid{Dim} <: AbstractPhysics end
# ============================================================================
# TRAIT FUNCTIONS
# ============================================================================
"""
required_field_type(physics::AbstractPhysics)
Returns the field type required by the given physics.
Used for compile-time inference of material cache structure and
field requirements.
# Examples
```julia
required_field_type(Elasticity{3}()) # → Displacement{3}
required_field_type(Thermal{2}()) # → Temperature (2D)
required_field_type(Thermal{3}()) # → Temperature (3D)
```
Materials can declare their physics requirements:
```julia
struct ThermoElasticMaterial <: AbstractMaterial
# ...
end
# Material supports both elasticity and thermal physics
supported_physics(::ThermoElasticMaterial) = (Elasticity{3}(), Thermal{3}())
# System maps this to required field types:
# Elasticity{3} → Displacement{3}
# Thermal → Temperature
```
"""
function required_field_type end
required_field_type(::Elasticity{Dim}) where Dim = Displacement{Dim}
required_field_type(::Thermal{Dim}) where Dim = Temperature
# required_field_type(::Fluid{Dim}) where Dim = Velocity{Dim} # Add when Velocity field exists