Bonsai: preserve material usage direction across a type change (#6676)

Changing an element's type flattened its material layer set direction, e.g.
a covering (or wall) with LayerSetDirection AXIS2 became AXIS3. The
underlying ifcopenshell.api recreates the IfcMaterialLayerSetUsage from
scratch and defaults its direction from the occurrence class
(AXIS3_CLASSES includes IfcCovering). Bonsai's core.assign_type already
records the old usage attributes and restores them, but the restore was
gated behind `model.get_usage_type(type)`, which returns None for classes
it does not special-case (e.g. IfcCoveringType), so the restore was skipped
and the AXIS3 default stuck.

Ungate the restore so it runs whenever usage attributes were recorded,
independent of get_usage_type(type). restore_material_usage_attributes is
self-guarding (it only writes when the element still carries a usage of the
recorded type), so this is safe for types with no recognized usage. Also
drops a redundant get_usage_type call.

Verified live in headless Blender on the reporter's model: an IfcCovering
with a manually set AXIS2 usage kept AXIS2 (and its DirectionSense/offset)
across a type change, where before it flattened to AXIS3; reassigning to
the same or another type preserves the direction with no regression. Core
test_type.py: 5 passed (incl. a new regression test).

Generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/ci-ifcwrap-standalone.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+name: ci-ifcwrap-standalone
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/ci-ifcwrap-standalone.yml"
+      - "cmake/**"
+      - "src/ifcwrap/**"
+      - "src/ifcparse/**"
+      - "src/ifcgeom/**"
+      - "src/serializers/**"
+      - "src/ifcconvert/**"
+      - "src/ifcopenshell-python/**"
+      - "src/svgfill/**"
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/ci-ifcwrap-standalone.yml"
+      - "cmake/**"
+      - "src/ifcwrap/**"
+      - "src/ifcparse/**"
+      - "src/ifcgeom/**"
+      - "src/serializers/**"
+      - "src/ifcconvert/**"
+      - "src/ifcopenshell-python/**"
+      - "src/svgfill/**"
+
+env:
+  IFCOPENSHELL_PREFIX: ${{ github.workspace }}/ifcopenshell-install
+
+jobs:
+  build-ifcopenshell:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - name: Install C++ dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
+            cmake \
+            gcc \
+            g++ \
+            libboost-date-time-dev \
+            libboost-filesystem-dev \
+            libboost-iostreams-dev \
+            libboost-program-options-dev \
+            libboost-regex-dev \
+            libboost-system-dev \
+            libboost-thread-dev \
+            libeigen3-dev \
+            libocct-data-exchange-dev \
+            libocct-draw-dev \
+            libocct-foundation-dev \
+            libocct-modeling-algorithms-dev \
+            libocct-modeling-data-dev \
+            libocct-ocaf-dev \
+            libocct-visualization-dev \
+            libpcre3-dev \
+            libtbb-dev \
+            libxml2-dev \
+            libxi-dev \
+            occt-misc \
+            tcl-dev \
+            tk-dev \
+            swig
+
+      - name: Configure minimal IfcOpenShell
+        run: |
+          cmake -S cmake -B build-ifcopenshell \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="${IFCOPENSHELL_PREFIX}" \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr \
+            -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_PATH=/usr \
+            -DMINIMAL_BUILD=ON \
+            -DBUILD_IFCPYTHON=OFF \
+            "-DSCHEMA_VERSIONS=4x3_add2"
+
+      - name: Build and install minimal IfcOpenShell
+        run: |
+          cmake --build build-ifcopenshell --target install -j "$(nproc)"
+
+      - name: Set up Python 3.11
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.11
+
+      - name: Install Python import dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install numpy typing_extensions
+
+      - name: Configure standalone IfcPython
+        run: |
+          PYTHON_EXECUTABLE="$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.executable)')"
+          PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR="$(python -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path("include"))')"
+
+          cmake -S src/ifcwrap -B "build-ifcwrap-311" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${IFCOPENSHELL_PREFIX};/usr" \
+            -DPython_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH="${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" \
+            -DPython_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH="${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR}" \
+            -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH="${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" \
+            -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH="${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR}"
+
+      - name: Build and install standalone IfcPython
+        run: |
+          cmake --build "build-ifcwrap-311" --target install -j "$(nproc)"
+
+      - name: Import installed IfcPython
+        run: |
+          PYTHONPATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/ifcopenshell-python" python - <<'PY'
+          import ifcopenshell
+
+          print("IfcOpenShell import ok:", ifcopenshell.version)
+          PY
+
+      - name: Set up Python 3.12
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.12
+
+      - name: Install Python import dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install numpy typing_extensions
+
+      - name: Configure standalone IfcPython
+        run: |
+          PYTHON_EXECUTABLE="$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.executable)')"
+          PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR="$(python -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path("include"))')"
+
+          cmake -S src/ifcwrap -B "build-ifcwrap-312" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${IFCOPENSHELL_PREFIX};/usr" \
+            -DPython_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH="${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" \
+            -DPython_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH="${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR}" \
+            -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE:FILEPATH="${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" \
+            -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH="${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR}"
+
+      - name: Build and install standalone IfcPython
+        run: |
+          cmake --build "build-ifcwrap-312" --target install -j "$(nproc)"
+
+      - name: Import installed IfcPython
+        run: |
+          PYTHONPATH="${RUNNER_TEMP}/ifcopenshell-python" python - <<'PY'
+          import ifcopenshell
+
+          print("IfcOpenShell import ok:", ifcopenshell.version)
+          PY

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ on:
       - 'src/ifcgeomserver/**'
       - 'src/ifcjni/**'
       - 'src/ifcmax/**'
+      - 'src/ifc5d/**'
+      - 'src/ifcedit/**'
+      - 'src/ifcmcp/**'
       - 'src/ifcopenshell-python/**'
       - '!src/ifcopenshell-python/docs/**'
       - 'src/ifcparse/**'
+      - 'src/ifcquery/**'
       - 'src/ifcwrap/**'
       - 'src/qtviewer/**'
       - 'src/svgfill/**'
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          pip install xmlschema xsdata numpy lxml pytest isodate lark networkx tabulate python-dateutil shapely pyparsing
+          pip install xmlschema xsdata numpy lxml pytest isodate lark networkx tabulate python-dateutil shapely pyparsing psutil
           pip install src/bcf --no-deps
           pip install pytest-xdist==3.8.0
 
@@ -252,13 +256,26 @@ jobs:
           pip install deepdiff
           cd ../ifcdiff && make test || ERROR=1
           cd ../ifcpatch && make test || ERROR=1
+          pip install -e ../ifc5d --no-deps
+          pip install odfpy xlsxwriter
+          cd ../ifc5d && make test || ERROR=1
+          pip install -e ../ifcquery --no-deps
+          cd ../ifcquery && make test || ERROR=1
+          pip install -e ../ifcedit --no-deps
+          cd ../ifcedit && make test || ERROR=1
+          pip install mcp
+          pip install -e ../ifcmcp --no-deps
+          cd ../ifcmcp && make test || ERROR=1
           pip install -e ../ifctester --no-deps
           cd ../ifctester && make test || ERROR=1
           make build-ids-docs || ERROR=1
           # Run mathutils related tests at the end to ensure no other code is relying on mathutils.
+          # mathutils only has pre-built wheels for Python 3.13+; skip on older versions.
           cd ../ifcopenshell-python
-          pip install mathutils
-          make test-mathutils || ERROR=1
+          if python -c "import sys; sys.exit(0 if sys.version_info >= (3, 13) else 1)"; then
+            pip install mathutils
+            make test-mathutils || ERROR=1
+          fi
           if [ $ERROR -ne 0 ]; then
             echo "One or more tests failed";
             exit 1;

.gitignore

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ venv
 !.vscode/launch.json
 !.vscode/tasks.json
 .vs
+/*.code-workspace
 
 # PyCharm files
 .idea
@@ -126,5 +127,7 @@ src/ifcopenshell-python/ifcopenshell/express/*.exp.cache.dat
 
 # temp files from AI coding tools
 *.claude
+CLAUDE.local.md
 *.py.tmp*
 *.json.tmp*
+

cmake/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@ endif()
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) # not necessary, but encouraged
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
 
-if(VERSION_OVERRIDE)
-    file(READ "../VERSION" "RELEASE_VERSION_")
-    string(STRIP "${RELEASE_VERSION_}" RELEASE_VERSION)
-    message(STATUS "Detected version '${RELEASE_VERSION}'")
-else()
-    set(RELEASE_VERSION "0.8.0")
-endif()
+# The VERSION file in the repository root is the single source of truth for the
+# release version. Read it unconditionally so a plain source build reports the
+# real version through buildinfo.cpp instead of the stale hardcoded 0.8.0
+# fallback (see #8164). VERSION_OVERRIDE still controls the branch name used
+# when ADD_COMMIT_SHA embeds a commit sha.
+file(READ "../VERSION" "RELEASE_VERSION_")
+string(STRIP "${RELEASE_VERSION_}" RELEASE_VERSION)
+message(STATUS "Detected version '${RELEASE_VERSION}'")
 
 add_definitions(-D_DISABLE_CONSTEXPR_MUTEX_CONSTRUCTOR)
 
@@ -313,8 +314,12 @@ if(WASM_BUILD)
 else()
     # @todo review this, shouldn't this be all possible header-only now?
     # ... or rewritten using C++17 features?
+    # Boost.System has been header-only since 1.69 and its compiled stub library
+    # was dropped in newer Boost, so requesting it as a component makes
+    # find_package fail on Boost 1.70 and up (for example Boost 1.90). It is
+    # still pulled in transitively by thread / iostreams where needed, so do not
+    # request it explicitly.
     set(BOOST_COMPONENTS
-        system
         program_options
         regex
         thread
@@ -660,6 +665,11 @@ if(ADD_COMMIT_SHA)
     endif()
 endif(ADD_COMMIT_SHA)
 
+# Always expose the release version (from the VERSION file) to buildinfo.cpp so
+# that a build without commit-sha info reports the correct version instead of a
+# stale hardcoded fallback. See #8164.
+target_compile_definitions(IfcParse PRIVATE IFCOPENSHELL_VERSION_STRING=${RELEASE_VERSION})
+
 if(MSVC)
     # @todo still needs to be understood better, but the cgal and cgal-simple kernel cause multiply defined boost lambda placeholders _1 ... _3
     set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /FORCE:MULTIPLE")

cmake/FindIfcOpenShell.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+################################################################################
+#                                                                              #
+# This file is part of IfcOpenShell.                                           #
+#                                                                              #
+# IfcOpenShell is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify         #
+# it under the terms of the Lesser GNU General Public License as published by  #
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3.0 of the License, or          #
+# (at your option) any later version.                                          #
+#                                                                              #
+# IfcOpenShell is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,              #
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of               #
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the                 #
+# Lesser GNU General Public License for more details.                          #
+#                                                                              #
+# You should have received a copy of the Lesser GNU General Public License     #
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.         #
+#                                                                              #
+################################################################################
+
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/utilities.cmake" OPTIONAL)
+
+set(_IfcOpenShell_find_args)
+if(IfcOpenShell_FIND_VERSION)
+    list(APPEND _IfcOpenShell_find_args "${IfcOpenShell_FIND_VERSION}")
+    if(IfcOpenShell_FIND_VERSION_EXACT)
+        list(APPEND _IfcOpenShell_find_args EXACT)
+    endif()
+endif()
+list(APPEND _IfcOpenShell_find_args CONFIG QUIET)
+if(IfcOpenShell_FIND_COMPONENTS)
+    list(APPEND _IfcOpenShell_find_args COMPONENTS ${IfcOpenShell_FIND_COMPONENTS})
+endif()
+
+set(_IfcOpenShell_saved_module_path "${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}")
+list(REMOVE_ITEM CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}")
+find_package(IfcOpenShell ${_IfcOpenShell_find_args})
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${_IfcOpenShell_saved_module_path}")
+
+if(NOT IfcOpenShell_FOUND)
+    set(_IfcOpenShell_error "Could not find an IfcOpenShell CMake config package. Set IfcOpenShell_DIR or CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH.")
+    if(IfcOpenShell_FIND_REQUIRED)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "${_IfcOpenShell_error}")
+    elseif(NOT IfcOpenShell_FIND_QUIETLY)
+        message(STATUS "${_IfcOpenShell_error}")
+    endif()
+    return()
+endif()
+
+set(_IfcOpenShell_required_targets IfcOpenShell::IfcParse IfcOpenShell::IfcGeom)
+set(_IfcOpenShell_missing_targets "")
+foreach(_IfcOpenShell_target IN LISTS _IfcOpenShell_required_targets)
+    if(NOT TARGET ${_IfcOpenShell_target})
+        list(APPEND _IfcOpenShell_missing_targets ${_IfcOpenShell_target})
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(_IfcOpenShell_missing_targets)
+    set(IfcOpenShell_FOUND FALSE)
+    string(REPLACE ";" ", " _IfcOpenShell_missing_targets_text "${_IfcOpenShell_missing_targets}")
+    set(_IfcOpenShell_error "IfcOpenShell config was found, but required targets are missing: ${_IfcOpenShell_missing_targets_text}.")
+    if(IfcOpenShell_FIND_REQUIRED)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "${_IfcOpenShell_error}")
+    elseif(NOT IfcOpenShell_FIND_QUIETLY)
+        message(STATUS "${_IfcOpenShell_error}")
+    endif()
+    return()
+endif()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_OPENCASCADE)
+    set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_OPENCASCADE OFF)
+    if(TARGET IfcOpenShell::geometry_kernel_opencascade)
+        set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_OPENCASCADE ON)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_CGAL)
+    set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_CGAL OFF)
+    if(TARGET IfcOpenShell::IFCOPENSHELL_CGAL)
+        set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_CGAL ON)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED IFCOPENSHELL_IFCXML)
+    set(IFCOPENSHELL_IFCXML OFF)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_ROCKSDB)
+    set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_ROCKSDB OFF)
+endif()
+
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_LIBRARIES IfcOpenShell::IfcParse)
+foreach(_IfcOpenShell_target IN ITEMS IfcOpenShell::geometry_serializer IfcOpenShell::Serializers)
+    if(TARGET ${_IfcOpenShell_target})
+        list(APPEND IFCOPENSHELL_LIBRARIES ${_IfcOpenShell_target})
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_KERNEL_LIBRARIES "")
+foreach(_IfcOpenShell_target IN ITEMS
+    IfcOpenShell::geometry_kernel_opencascade
+    IfcOpenShell::geometry_kernel_cgal
+    IfcOpenShell::geometry_kernel_cgal_simple
+)
+    if(TARGET ${_IfcOpenShell_target})
+        list(APPEND IFCOPENSHELL_KERNEL_LIBRARIES ${_IfcOpenShell_target})
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_GEOMETRY_LIBRARIES IfcOpenShell::IfcGeom ${IFCOPENSHELL_KERNEL_LIBRARIES})
+
+if(TARGET IfcOpenShell::OpenCASCADE_INTERFACE)
+    set(OpenCASCADE_LIBRARIES IfcOpenShell::OpenCASCADE_INTERFACE)
+endif()
+
+if(TARGET IfcOpenShell::IFCOPENSHELL_CGAL)
+    set(CGAL_LIBRARIES IfcOpenShell::IFCOPENSHELL_CGAL)
+endif()
+
+if(TARGET IfcOpenShell::svgfill)
+    set(IFCOPENSHELL_SVGFILL_LIBRARY IfcOpenShell::svgfill)
+endif()
+
+mark_as_advanced(IfcOpenShell_DIR)
+
+unset(_IfcOpenShell_error)
+unset(_IfcOpenShell_find_args)
+unset(_IfcOpenShell_missing_targets)
+unset(_IfcOpenShell_missing_targets_text)
+unset(_IfcOpenShell_required_targets)
+unset(_IfcOpenShell_target)

cmake/IfcOpenShellConfig.cmake.in

@@ -7,12 +7,26 @@ set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_OPENCASCADE @WITH_OPENCASCADE@)
 set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_CGAL @WITH_CGAL@)
 set(IFCOPENSHELL_IFCXML @IFCXML_SUPPORT@)
 set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_ROCKSDB @WITH_ROCKSDB@)
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_COLLADA_SUPPORT @COLLADA_SUPPORT@)
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_GLTF_SUPPORT @GLTF_SUPPORT@)
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_HDF5_SUPPORT @HDF5_SUPPORT@)
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_PROJ @WITH_PROJ@)
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_USD_SUPPORT @USD_SUPPORT@)
 
 include(CMakeFindDependencyMacro)
 
-set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
-set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME OFF)
-set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED ON)
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_STATIC_LIBS "@Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS@")
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME "@Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME@")
+set(IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_MULTITHREADED "@Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED@")
+if(NOT "${IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_STATIC_LIBS}" STREQUAL "")
+    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ${IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_STATIC_LIBS})
+endif()
+if(NOT "${IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME}" STREQUAL "")
+    set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME ${IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME})
+endif()
+if(NOT "${IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_MULTITHREADED}" STREQUAL "")
+    set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED ${IFCOPENSHELL_BOOST_USE_MULTITHREADED})
+endif()
 set(Boost_COMPONENTS
     system
     program_options
@@ -43,13 +57,33 @@ if(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_ROCKSDB)
 endif()
 
 if(IFCOPENSHELL_IFCXML)
-    find_dependency(LibXml2 CONFIG)
+    find_dependency(LibXml2)
 endif()
 
 if(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_CGAL)
     find_dependency(CGAL CONFIG)
 endif()
 
+if(IFCOPENSHELL_COLLADA_SUPPORT)
+    find_dependency(OpenCOLLADA)
+endif()
+
+if(IFCOPENSHELL_GLTF_SUPPORT)
+    find_dependency(nlohmann_json CONFIG)
+endif()
+
+if(IFCOPENSHELL_HDF5_SUPPORT)
+    find_dependency(HDF5 COMPONENTS C CXX)
+endif()
+
+if(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_PROJ)
+    find_dependency(PROJ)
+endif()
+
+if(IFCOPENSHELL_USD_SUPPORT)
+    find_dependency(USD)
+endif()
+
 if(IFCOPENSHELL_WITH_OPENCASCADE)
     find_dependency(OpenCASCADE CONFIG)
     if(OpenCASCADE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "7.7.0")

src/bonsai/Makefile

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ endif
 endif # def PLATFORM
 
 # Current build commit hash.
-OLD:=1c5b825
+OLD:=3e7b739
 .PHONY: bump
 bump:
 ifndef NEW

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/__init__.py

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ modules = {
     "web": None,
     "light": None,
     "alignment": None,
+    "clip_box": None,
     # Uncomment this line to enable loading of the demo module. Happy hacking!
     # The name "demo" must correlate to a folder name in `bim/module/`.
     # "demo": None,

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/data/pset/EPset_Drawing.ifc

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ FILE_NAME('EPset_Drawing.ifc','2020-01-01T00:00:00',$,$,'EPset_Drawing','EPset_D
 FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC4'));
 ENDSEC;
 DATA;
-#1=IFCPROPERTYSETTEMPLATE('2JhNIvqZrFnAgxfhK0XVQX',$,'EPset_Drawing','',.PSET_OCCURRENCEDRIVEN.,'IfcAnnotation/DRAWING',(#23,#22,#27,#24,#19,#12,#26,#9,#8,#7,#6,#4,#18,#11,#5,#20,#25,#14,#10,#17,#28,#16,#3,#21,#13,#15,#2));
+#1=IFCPROPERTYSETTEMPLATE('2JhNIvqZrFnAgxfhK0XVQX',$,'EPset_Drawing','',.PSET_OCCURRENCEDRIVEN.,'IfcAnnotation/DRAWING',(#23,#22,#27,#24,#29,#30,#19,#12,#26,#9,#8,#7,#6,#4,#18,#11,#5,#20,#25,#14,#10,#17,#28,#16,#3,#21,#13,#15,#2));
 #2=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('23JavTMk98ZxXhrUEnjAcf',$,'TargetView','',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcLabel',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
 #3=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('1yVWUt5H9DAOuu0OaMMLpe',$,'Scale','The scale of this drawing represented as a numerator and denominator, such as 1/100',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcLabel',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
 #4=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('3gsuPBtU93b8f0gg1pjkq6',$,'HumanScale','The scale of this drawing in human readable format, such as 1:100',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcLabel',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
@@ -33,5 +33,7 @@ DATA;
 #26=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('2iwERDOW55Pf4hCbuFRe1Q',$,'FillMode','Method to fill areas seen in projection',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcLabel',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
 #27=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('1YF$qLzBzF19Io8aB2N8cE',$,'CutMode','Method for cutting geometry',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcLabel',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
 #28=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('1YSnFzurrEyRNtoLdmmddP',$,'BringToFront','The objects with these SVG classes will render in front of all other objects.Ex: IfcBeam, IfcColumn',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcText',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
+#29=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('0lP6Y8q9v2QhDnR4sT7uVx',$,'PerspectiveShiftX','Horizontal perspective camera shift stored as drawing metadata using Blender camera shift units.',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcReal',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
+#30=IFCSIMPLEPROPERTYTEMPLATE('2mR8b1NcW5EoFyG7hJ9kLp',$,'PerspectiveShiftY','Vertical perspective camera shift stored as drawing metadata using Blender camera shift units.',.P_SINGLEVALUE.,'IfcReal',$,$,$,$,$,.READWRITE.);
 ENDSEC;
 END-ISO-10303-21;

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/handler.py

@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ from bonsai.bim.module.model.decorator import (
     BoundingBoxDecorator,
     DoorSwingReadonlyDecorator,
     MEPSegmentExtendPreviewDecorator,
+    MEPSystemPathDecorator,
     SlabDirectionDecorator,
     WallAxisDecorator,
     WallFilletPreviewDecorator,
+    WallSystemPathDecorator,
 )
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.wall import WallGizmoPreviewDecorator
 from bonsai.bim.module.nest.decorator import NestDecorator
@@ -318,9 +320,11 @@ def loadIfcStore(scene: bpy.types.Scene) -> None:
     IfcStore.purge()
     refresh_ui_data()
     if not tool.Ifc.get():
+        tool.Autosave.cancel_timer()
         return
     tool.Ifc.schema()
     IfcStore.relink_all_objects()
+    tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
 
 
 @persistent
@@ -513,6 +517,8 @@ def _install_viewport_overlays() -> None:
     NestDecorator.uninstall()
     WallAxisDecorator.uninstall()
     SlabDirectionDecorator.uninstall()
+    MEPSystemPathDecorator.uninstall()
+    WallSystemPathDecorator.uninstall()
     WallFilletPreviewDecorator.uninstall()
     BendPreviewDecorator.uninstall()
     MEPSegmentExtendPreviewDecorator.uninstall()
@@ -532,6 +538,9 @@ def _install_viewport_overlays() -> None:
             WallAxisDecorator.install(bpy.context)
         if model_props.show_slab_direction:
             SlabDirectionDecorator.install(bpy.context)
+        if model_props.show_paths:
+            MEPSystemPathDecorator.install(bpy.context)
+            WallSystemPathDecorator.install(bpy.context)
         if model_props.show_bounding_box:
             BoundingBoxDecorator.install(bpy.context)
         # Always-installed: draw() self-polls on Scene.BIMPreviewProperties.

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/import_ifc.py

@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ class IfcImporter:
         self.elements: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = set()
         self.annotations: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = set()
         self.gross_elements: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = set()
+        self.broken_arrays: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = set()
         self.element_types: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = set()
         self.spatial_elements: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = set()
         self.meshes: dict[str, OBJECT_DATA_TYPE] = {}
@@ -1220,7 +1221,17 @@ class IfcImporter:
                             continue
                     for i in range(len(data)):
                         tool.Array.set_children_lock_state(element, i, True)
-                        tool.Array.constrain_children_to_parent(element)
+                    tool.Array.constrain_children_to_parent(element)
+                    for layer in data:
+                        for child_guid in layer.get("children", ()):
+                            try:
+                                self.file.by_guid(child_guid)
+                            except RuntimeError:
+                                print(
+                                    f"setup_arrays: array parent {element.GlobalId} references missing "
+                                    f"child GUID {child_guid!r}."
+                                )
+                                self.broken_arrays.add(element)
 
     def update_linked_aggregates(self):
         # TODO Remove this after a while. See commit 17d6b8a

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/aggregate/decorator.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import blf
 import bpy
 import gpu
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
-from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras import view3d_utils
 from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Vector
@@ -28,12 +27,6 @@ from mathutils import Vector
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 
 
-def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-    color = [i for i in color]
-    color[3] = alpha
-    return color
-
-
 def create_bounding_box(objs):
     # Initialize the bounding box coordinates
     min_x, min_y, min_z = float("inf"), float("inf"), float("inf")
@@ -79,26 +72,8 @@ def create_bounding_box(objs):
     return indices, edges
 
 
-class AggregateDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_aggregate, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
+class AggregateDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_method = "draw_aggregate"
 
     def dotted_line_shader(self):
         vert_out = gpu.types.GPUStageInterfaceInfo("my_interface")
@@ -153,14 +128,6 @@ class AggregateDecorator:
         shader.uniform_float("u_Scale", 25)
         batch.draw(shader)
 
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
-
     def draw_aggregate(self, context):
         props = tool.Aggregate.get_aggregate_props()
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
@@ -191,12 +158,13 @@ class AggregateDecorator:
                 aggregates.append(obj)
                 continue
 
+            aggregate = None
             aggregates_list = tool.Aggregate.get_aggregates_recursively(element)
             if props.in_aggregate_mode and props.editing_aggregate:
                 index = aggregates_list.index(tool.Ifc.get_entity(props.editing_aggregate))
                 if index > 0:
                     aggregate = aggregates_list[index - 1]
-            else:
+            elif aggregates_list:
                 aggregate = aggregates_list[-1]
             if aggregate:
                 aggregates.append(tool.Ifc.get_object(aggregate))
@@ -225,39 +193,11 @@ class AggregateDecorator:
             self.draw_custom_batch(line, decorator_color_unselected)
 
 
-class AggregateModeDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(
-            SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_aggregate_name, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL")
-        )
-        cls.handlers.append(
-            SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_aggregate_empty, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW")
-        )
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class AggregateModeDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_aggregate_name", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw_aggregate_empty", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_aggregate_name(self, context):
         if context.mode == "EDIT_MESH":

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/boundary/decorator.py

@@ -56,11 +56,6 @@ class BoundaryDecorator:
         unselected_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_unselected
         special_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special
 
-        def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-            color = [i for i in color]
-            color[3] = alpha
-            return color
-
         gpu.state.point_size_set(6)
         gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
 
@@ -109,7 +104,11 @@ class BoundaryDecorator:
 
         if unselected_edges:
             self.draw_batch("LINES", unselected_vertices, special_elements_color, unselected_edges)
-            self.draw_batch("TRIS", unselected_vertices, transparent_color(special_elements_color), unselected_tris)
+            self.draw_batch(
+                "TRIS", unselected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(special_elements_color), unselected_tris
+            )
         if selected_edges:
             self.draw_batch("LINES", selected_vertices, selected_elements_color, selected_edges)
-            self.draw_batch("TRIS", selected_vertices, transparent_color(selected_elements_color), selected_tris)
+            self.draw_batch(
+                "TRIS", selected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(selected_elements_color), selected_tris
+            )

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/cad/operator.py

@@ -345,9 +345,17 @@ class CadArcFrom3Points(bpy.types.Operator):
 class CadOffset(bpy.types.Operator):
     bl_idname = "bim.cad_offset"
     bl_label = "CAD Offset"
-    bl_description = "Copy selected mesh geometry at provided offset. Mesh copied based on the current viewport angle."
+    bl_description = (
+        "Offset selected mesh geometry at provided distance, based on the current viewport angle. "
+        "Creates a copy by default, or moves the existing edges if Copy is disabled."
+    )
     bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
     distance: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Distance", default=0.1, subtype="DISTANCE")
+    copy: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Copy",
+        description="Create a new offset copy of the geometry. If disabled, move the existing edges to the offset location",
+        default=True,
+    )
 
     @classmethod
     def poll(cls, context):
@@ -405,6 +413,11 @@ class CadOffset(bpy.types.Operator):
         rotation = Matrix.Rotation(pi / 2, 2, "Z")
         rotation_i = Matrix.Rotation(-pi / 2, 2, "Z")
 
+        # When not copying, the offset positions are gathered here and applied to
+        # the existing verts only after all loops are processed, so that the
+        # original coordinates are still available while computing offsets.
+        moved_verts = []
+
         # Create loops from edges
         loop_edges = set(edges)
         loops = []
@@ -517,12 +530,15 @@ class CadOffset(bpy.types.Operator):
                     offset_length = self.distance / sqrt((1 + normals[0].dot(normals[1])) / 2)
                     offset = mw.inverted().to_quaternion() @ (wp.to_quaternion() @ (new_normal * offset_length).to_3d())
                     new_vert = v1.co + offset
-                    new_verts.append(bm.verts.new(new_vert))
                 else:
                     normal = (normals[0] * self.distance).to_3d()
                     offset = mw.inverted().to_quaternion() @ (wp.to_quaternion() @ normal)
                     new_vert = v1.co + offset
+
+                if self.copy:
                     new_verts.append(bm.verts.new(new_vert))
+                else:
+                    moved_verts.append((v1, new_vert))
 
                 processed_verts.add(v1.index)
 
@@ -531,9 +547,14 @@ class CadOffset(bpy.types.Operator):
 
                 v1 = v2
 
-            [bm.edges.new((new_verts[i], new_verts[i + 1])) for i in range(len(new_verts) - 1)]
-            if is_closed:
-                bm.edges.new((new_verts[len(new_verts) - 1], new_verts[0]))
+            if self.copy:
+                [bm.edges.new((new_verts[i], new_verts[i + 1])) for i in range(len(new_verts) - 1)]
+                if is_closed:
+                    bm.edges.new((new_verts[len(new_verts) - 1], new_verts[0]))
+
+        # Move the existing edges to the offset location.
+        for vert, new_co in moved_verts:
+            vert.co = new_co
 
         bm.verts.index_update()
         bm.edges.index_update()

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/cad/prop.py

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ class BIMCadProperties(PropertyGroup):
     resolution: bpy.props.IntProperty(name="Arc Resolution", min=1, default=1)
     radius: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Radius", default=0.1, subtype="DISTANCE")
     distance: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Distance", default=0.1, subtype="DISTANCE")
+    copy: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Copy",
+        description="Create a new offset copy of the geometry. If disabled, move the existing edges to the offset location",
+        default=True,
+    )
     x: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="X", default=0.2, subtype="DISTANCE")
     y: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Y", default=0.1, subtype="DISTANCE")
     gable_roof_edge_angle: bpy.props.FloatProperty(
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@ class BIMCadProperties(PropertyGroup):
         resolution: int
         radius: float
         distance: float
+        copy: bool
         x: float
         y: float
         gable_roof_edge_angle: float

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/cad/workspace.py

@@ -256,6 +256,8 @@ class CadHotkey(bpy.types.Operator):
         elif self.hotkey == "S_O":
             row = self.layout.row()
             row.prop(props, "distance")
+            row = self.layout.row()
+            row.prop(props, "copy")
 
         elif self.hotkey == "S_R":
             if tool.Geometry.is_profile_object_active():
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ class CadHotkey(bpy.types.Operator):
             bpy.ops.bim.cad_fillet(resolution=self.props.resolution, radius=self.props.radius)
 
     def hotkey_S_O(self):
-        bpy.ops.bim.cad_offset(distance=self.props.distance)
+        bpy.ops.bim.cad_offset(distance=self.props.distance, copy=self.props.copy)
 
     def hotkey_S_Q(self):
         obj = bpy.context.active_object

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clash/decorator.py

@@ -18,43 +18,17 @@
 
 import blf
 import gpu
-from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras.view3d_utils import location_3d_to_region_2d
-from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Vector
 
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 
 
-class ClashDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_text, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL"))
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_geometry, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class ClashDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw_geometry", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_text(self, context):
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+import bpy
+from bpy.app.handlers import persistent
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+
+from . import face_quad, gizmos, operator, prop, ui
+
+classes = (
+    operator.BIM_OT_add_clip_box,
+    operator.BIM_OT_add_clip_box_for_source,
+    operator.BIM_OT_align_view_to_clip_face,
+    operator.BIM_OT_duplicate_clip_box,
+    operator.BIM_OT_remove_clip_box,
+    operator.BIM_OT_set_active_clip_box,
+    operator.BIM_OT_toggle_clip_box_enabled,
+    prop.BIMClipBoxProperties,
+    prop.BIMSceneClipBoxProperties,
+    face_quad.BIM_GT_box_face_quad,
+    face_quad.BIM_GT_box_face_outline,
+    gizmos.OBJECT_GGT_bim_clip_box,
+    ui.BIM_MT_clip_box_add_for_source,
+    ui.BIM_MT_clip_box_info,
+    ui.BIM_MT_clip_box_settings,
+    ui.BIM_UL_clip_box,
+    ui.BIM_PT_clip_box,
+)
+
+
+@persistent
+def _on_depsgraph_update(scene, depsgraph):
+    tool.ClipBox.on_depsgraph_update(scene, depsgraph)
+    tool.ClipBox.on_depsgraph_update_caps(scene, depsgraph)
+
+
+@persistent
+def _on_load_pre(filepath):
+    # Tear down any in-flight clip-box timers before Blender frees the
+    # WM / screens / areas / regions for the loading file. A refresh timer
+    # that survives the teardown fires against the new file's freshly-
+    # allocated regions before their GPU state is wired, CTD-ing inside
+    # GPU_matrix_ortho_set. The gate also blocks the depsgraph IFC-reload
+    # branch and is held closed until on_pre_view fires for the first time
+    # on the new file (first paint = GPU contexts wired).
+    tool.ClipBox._file_loading = True
+    tool.ClipBox._post_load_paint_pending = True
+    tool.ClipBox._cancel_pending_refresh()
+    tool.ClipBox._cancel_pending_cap_rebuild()
+
+
+@persistent
+def _on_load_post(filepath):
+    # The _file_loading gate is NOT cleared here: load_post fires before
+    # the new file's first paint, so GPU contexts may still be uninitialised.
+    # on_pre_view consumes _post_load_paint_pending to open the gate at the
+    # safe moment and kick the post-load re-arm.
+    # Restore the per-scene clip-box list from the project's BBIM_ClipBoxes
+    # pset. Runs after the standard load_post that creates Blender objects.
+    tool.ClipBox._last_seen_object_matrices.clear()
+    tool.ClipBox.load_from_project_pset()
+
+
+_draw_handler_pre = None
+_draw_handler_post = None
+
+
+def register():
+    global _draw_handler_pre, _draw_handler_post
+    bpy.types.Object.BIMClipBoxProperties = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=prop.BIMClipBoxProperties)
+    bpy.types.Scene.BIMSceneClipBoxProperties = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=prop.BIMSceneClipBoxProperties)
+    tool.ClipBox.reset_ownership()
+    if _on_depsgraph_update not in bpy.app.handlers.depsgraph_update_post:
+        bpy.app.handlers.depsgraph_update_post.append(_on_depsgraph_update)
+    if _on_load_pre not in bpy.app.handlers.load_pre:
+        bpy.app.handlers.load_pre.append(_on_load_pre)
+    if _on_load_post not in bpy.app.handlers.load_post:
+        bpy.app.handlers.load_post.append(_on_load_post)
+    if _draw_handler_pre is None:
+        _draw_handler_pre = bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(tool.ClipBox.on_pre_view, (), "WINDOW", "PRE_VIEW")
+    if _draw_handler_post is None:
+        _draw_handler_post = bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(
+            tool.ClipBox.on_post_view_caps, (), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"
+        )
+
+
+def unregister():
+    global _draw_handler_pre, _draw_handler_post
+    if _draw_handler_post is not None:
+        try:
+            bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(_draw_handler_post, "WINDOW")
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        _draw_handler_post = None
+    if _draw_handler_pre is not None:
+        try:
+            bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(_draw_handler_pre, "WINDOW")
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        _draw_handler_pre = None
+    if _on_load_post in bpy.app.handlers.load_post:
+        bpy.app.handlers.load_post.remove(_on_load_post)
+    if _on_load_pre in bpy.app.handlers.load_pre:
+        bpy.app.handlers.load_pre.remove(_on_load_pre)
+    if _on_depsgraph_update in bpy.app.handlers.depsgraph_update_post:
+        bpy.app.handlers.depsgraph_update_post.remove(_on_depsgraph_update)
+    tool.ClipBox._cancel_pending_refresh()
+    tool.ClipBox._cancel_pending_cap_rebuild()
+    tool.ClipBox._last_seen_object_matrices.clear()
+    tool.ClipBox.clear_clip_planes()
+    del bpy.types.Object.BIMClipBoxProperties
+    del bpy.types.Scene.BIMSceneClipBoxProperties

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/data.py

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+"""EnumProperty ``items=`` callbacks for the source-based clip-box picker.
+
+Each callback returns ``[(id_str, label, description)]`` where ``id_str`` is
+an IFC entity id stringified for entity-driven kinds, an IFC class name for
+``CLASS``, or a fixed status name for ``STATUS``. The clip-box operator
+turns the picked id into a ``matrix_world`` via the source-preset helper.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+
+EnumItems = list[tuple[str, str, str]]
+
+# Module-level cache. Blender's EnumProperty stores raw char pointers from the
+# tuples a callback returns, so the Python strings must outlive the draw call.
+# Stashing the latest result per kind keeps them alive across callback firings.
+_items_cache: dict[str, EnumItems] = {}
+
+# Sentinel id used for the "no options available" placeholder. The operator
+# treats this as an invalid pick and surfaces an ERROR.
+NO_OPTIONS_ID = "__none__"
+
+
+def _cache(kind: str, items: EnumItems) -> EnumItems:
+    _items_cache[kind] = items
+    return items
+
+
+def _no_options(label: str) -> EnumItems:
+    # Blender refuses to draw an EnumProperty with zero entries — show a
+    # placeholder so the dialog renders and the user sees the empty state.
+    return [(NO_OPTIONS_ID, label, "")]
+
+
+def _label(entity, ifc_class: str | None = None) -> str:
+    name = (getattr(entity, "Name", None) or "Unnamed").strip() or "Unnamed"
+    return f"{ifc_class}: {name}" if ifc_class else name
+
+
+def _build_items(kind: str, empty_label: str, build_fn) -> EnumItems:
+    """Shared shape for the IFC-driven enum callbacks.
+
+    Returns the no-IFC placeholder if no file is loaded, then runs
+    ``build_fn(ifc_file)``, sorts the result alphabetically by label, and
+    returns the empty-result placeholder if nothing matched. The output is
+    always routed through the module cache.
+    """
+    ifc = tool.Ifc.get()
+    if ifc is None:
+        return _cache(kind, _no_options("No IFC loaded"))
+    items = build_fn(ifc)
+    items.sort(key=lambda t: t[1].lower())
+    if not items:
+        return _cache(kind, _no_options(empty_label))
+    return _cache(kind, items)
+
+
+# Top-down spatial hierarchy so the picker reads in the order an architect
+# already thinks in, rather than a flat alphabetical mix. IfcSpace is excluded
+# — spaces are typically empty volumes used for room metadata, so clipping to
+# one rarely matches the user intent of "show me what's in this container".
+SPATIAL_CLASSES: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "IfcProject",
+    "IfcSite",
+    "IfcBuilding",
+    "IfcBuildingStorey",
+)
+
+
+def spatial_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    # Special-case: per-class sort within the hierarchy order rather than a
+    # flat alphabetical sort, so the dropdown reads project → site → building.
+    ifc = tool.Ifc.get()
+    if ifc is None:
+        return _cache("SPATIAL", _no_options("No IFC loaded"))
+    items: EnumItems = []
+    for ifc_class in SPATIAL_CLASSES:
+        try:
+            entities = ifc.by_type(ifc_class, include_subtypes=False)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            continue
+        for entity in sorted(entities, key=lambda e: (e.Name or "").lower()):
+            items.append((str(entity.id()), _label(entity, ifc_class), ""))
+    if not items:
+        return _cache("SPATIAL", _no_options("No spatial containers"))
+    return _cache("SPATIAL", items)
+
+
+def class_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    # Special-case: the picker value IS the IFC class name, not an entity id,
+    # so the build shape differs from the other entity-driven callbacks.
+    ifc = tool.Ifc.get()
+    if ifc is None:
+        return _cache("CLASS", _no_options("No IFC loaded"))
+    # List only IFC classes ACTUALLY present in the file (not the whole
+    # schema), so the user picks from classes that can produce a non-empty
+    # clip volume. ``e.is_a()`` returns the most specific class per element.
+    present = sorted({e.is_a() for e in ifc.by_type("IfcProduct")})
+    if not present:
+        return _cache("CLASS", _no_options("No products"))
+    return _cache("CLASS", [(cls, cls, "") for cls in present])
+
+
+def type_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    return _build_items(
+        "TYPE",
+        "No types defined",
+        lambda ifc: [(str(e.id()), _label(e, e.is_a()), "") for e in ifc.by_type("IfcTypeProduct")],
+    )
+
+
+def material_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    return _build_items(
+        "MATERIAL",
+        "No materials defined",
+        lambda ifc: [(str(e.id()), _label(e), "") for e in ifc.by_type("IfcMaterial")],
+    )
+
+
+def profile_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    # ProfileName is optional. Skip unnamed profiles — they can't be
+    # meaningfully picked from a flat list.
+    return _build_items(
+        "PROFILE",
+        "No named profiles",
+        lambda ifc: [
+            (str(e.id()), f"{e.is_a()}: {e.ProfileName}", "")
+            for e in ifc.by_type("IfcProfileDef")
+            if getattr(e, "ProfileName", None)
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def drawing_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    return _build_items(
+        "DRAWING",
+        "No drawings defined",
+        lambda ifc: [(str(e.id()), _label(e), "") for e in ifc.by_type("IfcAnnotation") if e.ObjectType == "DRAWING"],
+    )
+
+
+# Display labels for each status value. The id strings on the left are the
+# canonical Pset_*Common.Status enum values accepted by Bonsai's status query.
+STATUS_LABELS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
+    ("No Status", "No Status"),
+    ("NEW", "New"),
+    ("EXISTING", "Existing"),
+    ("DEMOLISH", "Demolish"),
+    ("TEMPORARY", "Temporary"),
+    ("OTHER", "Other"),
+    ("NOTKNOWN", "Not Known"),
+    ("UNSET", "Unset"),
+)
+
+
+def status_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    # Fixed enum; no IFC needed. Still routed through the cache to share the
+    # same string-lifetime guarantee as the other callbacks.
+    return _cache("STATUS", [(value, label, "") for value, label in STATUS_LABELS])
+
+
+def system_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    # IfcStructuralAnalysisModel is a structural-grouping container, not a
+    # distribution system — excluded to match Bonsai's other system pickers.
+    return _build_items(
+        "SYSTEM",
+        "No systems defined",
+        lambda ifc: [
+            (str(e.id()), _label(e, e.is_a()), "")
+            for e in ifc.by_type("IfcSystem")
+            if not e.is_a("IfcStructuralAnalysisModel")
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def group_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    # include_subtypes=False so IfcSystem and IfcZone instances don't appear
+    # under Group as well — those get their own picker entries.
+    return _build_items(
+        "GROUP",
+        "No groups defined",
+        lambda ifc: [(str(e.id()), _label(e), "") for e in ifc.by_type("IfcGroup", include_subtypes=False)],
+    )
+
+
+def zone_items(self, context) -> EnumItems:
+    return _build_items(
+        "ZONE",
+        "No zones defined",
+        lambda ifc: [(str(e.id()), _label(e), "") for e in ifc.by_type("IfcZone")],
+    )

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/face_quad.py

@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+"""Generic face-quad resize gizmos for any axis-aligned local box.
+
+This module contains the box-agnostic core of the interactive
+face-resize gizmos: two Gizmo classes (a near-invisible click target
+welded to each face, and a thin colored edge outline), a per-redraw
+orchestrator that places six of each on a box, and the pure one-sided
+resize arithmetic. None of it knows about IFC, clip boxes, or
+``BIMSceneClipBoxProperties`` — a future camera-view-box adapter can
+reuse the same classes and helpers.
+
+Consumer contract — the adapter group must:
+
+1. Create six ``BIM_GT_box_face_quad`` and six ``BIM_GT_box_face_outline``
+   instances at ``setup()`` time, in :data:`FACE_ROUTES` order, and bind
+   each quad's ``move_get_cb`` / ``move_set_cb`` to closures that read
+   and mutate the box's host (e.g. an Empty's ``location`` / ``scale``).
+2. Call :func:`apply_face_quad_layout` from ``refresh()`` /
+   ``draw_prepare()`` with the box's local-frame ``bmin`` / ``bmax``,
+   the host's ``matrix_world``, the OBB rotation as a 4x4
+   (``Matrix.Identity(4)`` when the rotation rides in ``matrix_world``),
+   and the current ``region`` / ``rv3d``.
+3. Implement ``_lock_for(active_gz)`` / ``_unlock_all()`` on the group
+   for drag mutual exclusion; the quad's ``invoke`` / ``exit`` call them.
+
+The resize arithmetic in :func:`compute_face_resize` is pure: feed it
+the modal scalar plus drag-start snapshots and it returns the host's
+new scale-on-axis and new origin location.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any
+
+import bpy
+from bpy_extras.view3d_utils import location_3d_to_region_2d, region_2d_to_location_3d
+from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Public iteration order
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# (axis, is_max) pairs. The adapter group's ``setup()`` MUST create its
+# six face-quad gizmos in this order so positional indexing into the
+# layout helper stays correct.
+FACE_ROUTES: tuple[tuple[int, bool], ...] = (
+    (0, False),
+    (0, True),
+    (1, False),
+    (1, True),
+    (2, False),
+    (2, True),
+)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Public visual constants (adapter reads these in setup())
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Standard XYZ axis colors (Blender convention).
+AXIS_COLOR: dict[int, tuple[float, float, float]] = {
+    0: (1.0, 0.2, 0.2),
+    1: (0.2, 1.0, 0.2),
+    2: (0.2, 0.4, 1.0),
+}
+
+# Documented "selectable but unpainted" trick: the GPU still writes the
+# selection buffer at this alpha so clicks register, but no visible
+# pixels are produced.
+FACE_QUAD_ALPHA: float = 0.001
+
+# Very faint hover tint — just enough to confirm "you're aiming at this
+# face" without painting visibly over geometry behind it.
+FACE_QUAD_ALPHA_HIGHLIGHT: float = 0.04
+
+# Setup-time default for ``select_bias``; the layout helper overwrites
+# it per frame to the front-facing or halo value below. Kept below the
+# canonical arrow bias so a bailed frame can't let a front quad steal
+# clicks meant for a hidden control.
+FACE_QUAD_SELECT_BIAS: float = 0.5
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Internal constants
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Unit quad in the local XY plane spanning [-0.5, 0.5]^2 at z=0. Two
+# CCW triangles viewed from +Z. matrix_basis stretches it onto the
+# face's perpendicular extents.
+_QUAD_TRIS: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = [
+    (-0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+    (-0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+    (-0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+]
+
+# Unit-quad outline as 4 line segments in the local XY plane at z=0.
+_QUAD_OUTLINE_LINES: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = [
+    (-0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+    (0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+    (-0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+    (-0.5, 0.5, 0.0),
+    (-0.5, -0.5, 0.0),
+]
+
+# Degenerate zero-area triangle for hidden back-facing quads with no
+# visible-adjacent neighbours (rare orientation). Blender tolerates
+# this; the gizmo is hidden anyway so nothing renders.
+_EMPTY_TRIS: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = [
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+]
+
+# Rotates the gizmo's local +Z onto the outward face normal in the
+# box's local frame. Right-hand rotation around the named axis.
+_AXIS_ORIENT: dict[tuple[int, bool], Matrix] = {
+    (0, False): Matrix.Rotation(-math.pi / 2, 4, "Y"),
+    (0, True): Matrix.Rotation(math.pi / 2, 4, "Y"),
+    (1, False): Matrix.Rotation(math.pi / 2, 4, "X"),
+    (1, True): Matrix.Rotation(-math.pi / 2, 4, "X"),
+    (2, False): Matrix.Rotation(math.pi, 4, "X"),
+    (2, True): Matrix.Identity(4),
+}
+
+# Per-face mapping from face-quad local axes to local box axes for the
+# perpendicular-extent scale. ``(w_axis, h_axis)`` — the box-local axis
+# indices the quad's local X and Y span after the orientation rotation.
+_QUAD_PERP_AXES: dict[tuple[int, bool], tuple[int, int]] = {
+    (0, False): (2, 1),
+    (0, True): (2, 1),
+    (1, False): (0, 2),
+    (1, True): (0, 2),
+    (2, False): (0, 1),
+    (2, True): (0, 1),
+}
+
+# Front-facing quad sits ABOVE the halo strips so the cursor on the
+# visible face area always grabs the visible face, never accidentally
+# routes to a back-face halo strip in an adjacent screen region.
+_FACE_QUAD_FRONT_FACING_SELECT_BIAS: float = 1.5
+_FACE_QUAD_HALO_FRAME_SELECT_BIAS: float = 1.0
+
+# Target halo-strip thickness in screen pixels. The world-space margin
+# is recomputed per frame so the rim stays a roughly constant on-screen
+# size regardless of viewport zoom.
+_FACE_QUAD_HALO_TARGET_PIXELS: float = 20.0
+
+# Minimum world half-extent a face resize may shrink to. Stops a drag
+# from collapsing the host to zero or negative scale.
+_MIN_HALF_EXTENT: float = 1e-4
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Pure predicates (testable without Blender)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Vec3 = tuple[float, float, float]
+
+
+def face_outward_axis_local(axis: int, is_max: bool) -> Vec3:
+    """Un-rotated outward face normal in the box's local AABB coords.
+
+    For ``(axis=0, is_max=True)`` returns ``(+1, 0, 0)``; for the −X
+    face ``(-1, 0, 0)``; etc. The rotated world normal is obtained by
+    applying the host's rotation and the OBB rotation:
+    ``mw_rot @ cage_rotation @ this``.
+    """
+    sign = 1.0 if is_max else -1.0
+    out = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+    out[axis] = sign
+    return (out[0], out[1], out[2])
+
+
+def front_facing_face_mask(
+    face_normals_world: Sequence[Vec3],
+    view_dir_world: Vec3,
+    eps: float = 1e-6,
+) -> tuple[bool, ...]:
+    """Which of the 6 box faces point toward the camera.
+
+    A face is front-facing iff its outward normal points AGAINST the
+    view direction (``dot(normal, view_dir) < -eps``). The ``-eps``
+    margin prevents flicker at grazing angles.
+
+    ``face_normals_world`` must be in :data:`FACE_ROUTES` order; returns
+    a 6-tuple of bool parallel to that order.
+    """
+    if len(face_normals_world) != 6:
+        msg = f"expected 6 face normals, got {len(face_normals_world)}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    vx, vy, vz = view_dir_world
+    return tuple((n[0] * vx + n[1] * vy + n[2] * vz) < -eps for n in face_normals_world)
+
+
+def view_axis_parallel_face_mask(
+    face_normals_world: Sequence[Vec3],
+    view_dir_world: Vec3,
+    threshold: float = 0.95,
+) -> tuple[bool, ...]:
+    """Which faces have normals (anti-)parallel to the view direction.
+
+    True iff ``abs(dot(normal, view_dir)) >= threshold`` — i.e. the
+    face is nearly perpendicular to the screen plane. Provided as a
+    pure predicate for callers that want to detect degenerate-drag
+    conditions; the layout helper itself no longer gates on it.
+    """
+    if len(face_normals_world) != 6:
+        msg = f"expected 6 face normals, got {len(face_normals_world)}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    vx, vy, vz = view_dir_world
+    return tuple(abs(n[0] * vx + n[1] * vy + n[2] * vz) >= threshold for n in face_normals_world)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Pure resize arithmetic
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def compute_face_resize(
+    *,
+    value: float,
+    init_world_half: float,
+    init_location: tuple[float, float, float],
+    world_axis: tuple[float, float, float],
+    display_size: float,
+) -> tuple[float, tuple[float, float, float]]:
+    """Pure one-sided face-resize arithmetic.
+
+    Returns ``(new_scale_axis, new_location)`` — the host's new scale
+    on the dragged axis and its new world origin — such that the
+    dragged face moves by the modal's outward delta while the OPPOSITE
+    face stays put.
+
+    ``value`` is ``init + delta``, where ``init`` is the unsigned
+    drag-start world half-extent and ``delta`` is the cursor projection
+    onto the face's OUTWARD world normal. Realized half-extent is
+    clamped to a small floor; the location shift uses the realized
+    (post-clamp) delta so the opposite face stays fixed even at the
+    clamp.
+    """
+    face_delta = value - init_world_half
+    new_world_half = init_world_half + 0.5 * face_delta
+    if new_world_half < _MIN_HALF_EXTENT:
+        new_world_half = _MIN_HALF_EXTENT
+    realized_delta = 2.0 * (new_world_half - init_world_half)
+
+    ds = display_size if display_size != 0.0 else 1.0
+    new_scale_axis = new_world_half / ds
+    shift = 0.5 * realized_delta
+    new_location = (
+        init_location[0] + shift * world_axis[0],
+        init_location[1] + shift * world_axis[1],
+        init_location[2] + shift * world_axis[2],
+    )
+    return new_scale_axis, new_location
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Internal geometry helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _compute_face_quad_scale(bmin: Any, bmax: Any, axis: int, is_max: bool) -> tuple[float, float]:
+    """Return ``(w, h)`` for the face quad's scale matrix."""
+    w_axis, h_axis = _QUAD_PERP_AXES[(axis, is_max)]
+    w = float(bmax[w_axis] - bmin[w_axis])
+    h = float(bmax[h_axis] - bmin[h_axis])
+    return w, h
+
+
+def _shared_edge_corner_keys(
+    axis_a: int, is_max_a: bool, axis_b: int, is_max_b: bool
+) -> tuple[tuple[int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int]] | None:
+    """Return the 2 corner-bit triples shared by two adjacent faces.
+
+    Corner keys are 3-tuples of bits (0 = bmin, 1 = bmax). The two
+    returned corners are ordered with the free-axis bit ascending.
+    """
+    if axis_a == axis_b:
+        return None
+    free_axis = 3 - axis_a - axis_b
+    bit_a = 1 if is_max_a else 0
+    bit_b = 1 if is_max_b else 0
+    corner_lo = [0, 0, 0]
+    corner_hi = [0, 0, 0]
+    corner_lo[axis_a] = bit_a
+    corner_hi[axis_a] = bit_a
+    corner_lo[axis_b] = bit_b
+    corner_hi[axis_b] = bit_b
+    corner_lo[free_axis] = 0
+    corner_hi[free_axis] = 1
+    return (
+        (corner_lo[0], corner_lo[1], corner_lo[2]),
+        (corner_hi[0], corner_hi[1], corner_hi[2]),
+    )
+
+
+def _face_corner_keys(axis: int, is_max: bool) -> tuple[
+    tuple[int, int, int],
+    tuple[int, int, int],
+    tuple[int, int, int],
+    tuple[int, int, int],
+]:
+    """Return the 4 corner-bit triples of a face in CCW order.
+
+    Triangulation as ``[(0,1,2), (0,2,3)]`` covers the whole face with
+    two non-overlapping triangles.
+    """
+    fixed_bit = 1 if is_max else 0
+    free_axes = [a for a in (0, 1, 2) if a != axis]
+    fa0, fa1 = free_axes
+    corners = []
+    for ka, kb in ((0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)):
+        key = [0, 0, 0]
+        key[axis] = fixed_bit
+        key[fa0] = ka
+        key[fa1] = kb
+        corners.append((key[0], key[1], key[2]))
+    return (corners[0], corners[1], corners[2], corners[3])
+
+
+def _build_strip_tris_relative(
+    edge_p0_local: tuple[float, float, float],
+    edge_p1_local: tuple[float, float, float],
+    extrusion_local: tuple[float, float, float],
+) -> list[tuple[float, float, float]]:
+    """Build two CCW triangles (6 vertices) for a thin halo strip.
+
+    All inputs are in coords relative to the gizmo's ``matrix_basis``
+    anchor. The strip runs along ``[edge_p0_local, edge_p1_local]`` and
+    extrudes by ``extrusion_local`` perpendicular to the edge.
+    """
+    p0x, p0y, p0z = edge_p0_local
+    p1x, p1y, p1z = edge_p1_local
+    ex, ey, ez = extrusion_local
+    p0e = (p0x + ex, p0y + ey, p0z + ez)
+    p1e = (p1x + ex, p1y + ey, p1z + ez)
+    return [
+        (p0x, p0y, p0z),
+        p0e,
+        p1e,
+        (p0x, p0y, p0z),
+        p1e,
+        (p1x, p1y, p1z),
+    ]
+
+
+def _strips_geometry_changed(quad_gz, face_quad_local, all_tris) -> bool:
+    """True if the back-face quad's geometry differs from the cached upload.
+
+    Pure orbit/pan doesn't change either the box pose or the cage
+    rotation, so the computed strip vertices are byte-identical to the
+    previous frame's. Hitting the cache lets the back-facing branch
+    skip ``new_custom_shape`` and the GPU upload.
+    """
+    cached = getattr(quad_gz, "_strips_cache_key", None)
+    last_state = getattr(quad_gz, "_last_geometry_state", None)
+    key = (face_quad_local, all_tris)
+    if cached is None or last_state != "strips" or cached != key:
+        quad_gz._strips_cache_key = key
+        quad_gz._last_geometry_state = "strips"
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _compute_face_basis(
+    mw: Any,
+    mw_rot: Any,
+    cage_rotation: Any,
+    pivot_local: Any,
+    face_local: Any,
+    orient: Any,
+) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
+    """World-space (translation, outward-normal-direction) for one face."""
+    rotated_face_local = cage_rotation.to_3x3() @ (face_local - pivot_local) + pivot_local
+    face_world = mw @ rotated_face_local
+    world_axis = (mw_rot @ cage_rotation.to_3x3() @ (orient.to_3x3() @ Vector((0.0, 0.0, 1.0)))).normalized()
+    return face_world, world_axis
+
+
+def _compose_face_matrix_basis(
+    face_world: Any,
+    mw_rot_scale: Any,
+    cage_rotation: Any,
+    orient: Any,
+    w: float,
+    h: float,
+) -> Any:
+    """Compose the 5-term ``matrix_basis`` for a face-plane gizmo.
+
+    Returns ``Translation @ mw_rot_scale @ cage_rotation @ orient @
+    Diagonal((w, h, 1, 1))`` — maps a unit-square local quad onto the
+    world-space face rectangle, including the host's scale.
+    """
+    quad_scale = Matrix.Diagonal((w, h, 1.0, 1.0))
+    return Matrix.Translation(face_world) @ mw_rot_scale.to_4x4() @ cage_rotation @ orient @ quad_scale
+
+
+def _compute_box_corners_world(
+    bmin: Any,
+    bmax: Any,
+    pivot_local: Any,
+    cage_rotation_3x3: Any,
+    mw: Any,
+) -> dict[tuple[int, int, int], Any]:
+    """Return the 8 OBB corners in world space, keyed by bit-triple."""
+    corners: dict[tuple[int, int, int], Any] = {}
+    for ix in (0, 1):
+        for iy in (0, 1):
+            for iz in (0, 1):
+                local = Vector(
+                    (
+                        float(bmax.x if ix else bmin.x),
+                        float(bmax.y if iy else bmin.y),
+                        float(bmax.z if iz else bmin.z),
+                    )
+                )
+                rotated = cage_rotation_3x3 @ (local - pivot_local) + pivot_local
+                corners[(ix, iy, iz)] = mw @ rotated
+    return corners
+
+
+def _abs_scale_matrix(mw: Any) -> Any:
+    """Return a copy of ``mw`` with all scale components ``abs()``-ed.
+
+    Without this, a negative-scale host produces a visible/clickable
+    face inversion: ``mw @ local_vec`` flips the +axis face onto the
+    -axis world side, while the rotation-only normal stays pointing
+    in the +axis direction — so the gizmo for "the +X face" sits at
+    world -X but reports its outward normal as +X.
+    """
+    loc, rot, scale = mw.decompose()
+    abs_scale = Vector((abs(scale.x), abs(scale.y), abs(scale.z)))
+    return Matrix.LocRotScale(loc, rot, abs_scale)
+
+
+def _world_radius_to_screen_pixels(
+    region: Any,
+    rv3d: Any,
+    center_world: Vector,
+    world_radius: float,
+    *,
+    min_pixels: float = 0.0,
+) -> float:
+    """Return the on-screen pixel radius of a world-space circle.
+
+    Projects ``center_world`` and a sample point offset by
+    ``world_radius`` along the camera's view-aligned right axis to
+    region pixels, and returns the screen-pixel distance between them.
+    Falls back to ``min_pixels`` if either projection fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        view_inv = rv3d.view_matrix.inverted()
+        right = Vector((view_inv[0][0], view_inv[0][1], view_inv[0][2])).normalized()
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        right = Vector((1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+    sample_world = center_world + right * world_radius
+    return _world_segment_to_screen_pixels(region, rv3d, center_world, sample_world, min_pixels=min_pixels)
+
+
+def _world_segment_to_screen_pixels(
+    region: Any,
+    rv3d: Any,
+    p0_world: Vector,
+    p1_world: Vector,
+    *,
+    min_pixels: float = 0.0,
+) -> float:
+    """Return the on-screen pixel length of an arbitrary world segment.
+
+    Unlike :func:`_world_radius_to_screen_pixels`, this measures the
+    ACTUAL projected length of the segment — foreshortening included.
+    Use this when the segment direction is known to be oblique to the
+    screen plane (e.g. a back face's outward normal): a perpendicular
+    radius measurement overestimates the on-screen length, leaving
+    halo strips visually narrower than the requested pixel target.
+    """
+    p0 = location_3d_to_region_2d(region, rv3d, p0_world)
+    p1 = location_3d_to_region_2d(region, rv3d, p1_world)
+    if not p0 or not p1:
+        return min_pixels
+    dx = float(p1[0]) - float(p0[0])
+    dy = float(p1[1]) - float(p0[1])
+    return max(min_pixels, (dx * dx + dy * dy) ** 0.5)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Gizmo classes
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class BIM_GT_box_face_quad(bpy.types.Gizmo):  # noqa: N801 — Blender bl_idname convention
+    """Near-invisible face-quad click target with drag-to-resize modal.
+
+    Geometry: a unit quad in the local XY plane at z=0. The adapter
+    group's layout helper rotates and scales it onto the face plane;
+    the quad is welded to the world face (``use_draw_scale = False``).
+    """
+
+    bl_idname = "BIM_GT_box_face_quad"
+    bl_target_properties = ({"id": "offset", "type": "FLOAT", "array_length": 1},)
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "custom_shape",
+        "custom_shape_select",
+        "init_value",
+        "move_get_cb",
+        "move_set_cb",
+        "axis",
+        "start_location",
+        "depth_point",
+        "callback",
+        "ctrl_click_cb",
+        "_group",
+        "_face_axis",
+        "is_max",
+        "_drag_snapshot",
+        "_last_geometry_state",
+        "_strips_cache_key",
+    )
+
+    def draw(self, context: Any) -> None:
+        self.draw_custom_shape(self.custom_shape)
+
+    def draw_select(self, context: Any, select_id: int) -> None:
+        # Back-facing quads bind ``custom_shape_select`` to the halo-strip
+        # TRIS so clicks OUTSIDE the box silhouette catch the back face.
+        # Front-facing quads leave it None and reuse ``custom_shape``.
+        shape = getattr(self, "custom_shape_select", None) or self.custom_shape
+        self.draw_custom_shape(shape, select_id=select_id)
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(self, "custom_shape_"):
+            self.custom_shape = self.new_custom_shape("TRIS", _QUAD_TRIS)
+        self.custom_shape_select = None
+        # Quad welded to world geometry — clicks must align with the
+        # visible face, not a screen-size widget. Disables Blender's
+        # per-frame pixel-constant autoscale.
+        self.use_draw_scale = False
+
+    # ---- modal -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def invoke(self, context: Any, event: Any) -> set[str]:
+        # CTRL+click handoff: dispatch a host-defined callback (e.g.
+        # align-view) instead of starting a drag.
+        if event.ctrl and getattr(self, "ctrl_click_cb", None) is not None:
+            self.ctrl_click_cb(context, event)
+            return {"FINISHED"}
+
+        region = context.region
+        rv3d = context.region_data
+        if region is None or rv3d is None:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        self.init_value = self.move_get_cb()
+        # Freeze the projection plane at invoke — projection-plane
+        # drift on tilted axes causes exponential delta runaway.
+        self.depth_point = self.matrix_basis.translation.copy()
+        self.start_location = region_2d_to_location_3d(region, rv3d, (event.mouse_x, event.mouse_y), self.depth_point)
+
+        if getattr(self, "_group", None) is not None:
+            self._group._lock_for(self)
+        return {"RUNNING_MODAL"}
+
+    def exit(self, context: Any, cancel: bool) -> None:
+        try:
+            if context.area:
+                context.area.header_text_set(None)
+            if cancel:
+                self.move_set_cb(self.init_value)
+            if hasattr(self, "callback"):
+                self.callback(self.move_get_cb())
+        finally:
+            self._drag_snapshot = None
+            if getattr(self, "_group", None) is not None:
+                self._group._unlock_all()
+
+    def modal(self, context: Any, event: Any, tweak: set[str]) -> set[str]:
+        if event.type == "ESC":
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        region = context.region
+        rv3d = context.region_data
+        if region is None or rv3d is None:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        end_location = region_2d_to_location_3d(region, rv3d, (event.mouse_x, event.mouse_y), self.depth_point)
+        delta = (end_location - self.start_location).dot(self.axis)
+        if "SNAP" in tweak:
+            delta = round(delta, 1)
+        if "PRECISE" in tweak:
+            delta /= 10.0
+        self.move_set_cb(self.init_value + delta)
+        if context.area:
+            context.area.header_text_set(f"Value: {self.move_get_cb():.3f} ({delta:.3f})")
+        return {"RUNNING_MODAL"}
+
+
+class BIM_GT_box_face_outline(bpy.types.Gizmo):  # noqa: N801 — Blender bl_idname convention
+    """Thin non-interactive colored edge outline for one face.
+
+    Drawn as 4 line segments in the face plane. The layout helper
+    toggles its ``alpha`` between near-zero and ``1.0`` based on the
+    sibling face-quad's ``is_highlight`` state — so hovering the quad
+    lights up the matching outline. ``hide_select = True`` keeps the
+    outline out of the GPU selection buffer.
+    """
+
+    bl_idname = "BIM_GT_box_face_outline"
+    bl_target_properties = ()
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "custom_shape",
+        "_face_axis",
+        "is_max",
+        "_last_outline_state",
+    )
+
+    def draw(self, context: Any) -> None:
+        self.draw_custom_shape(self.custom_shape)
+
+    def draw_select(self, context: Any, select_id: int) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(self, "custom_shape_"):
+            self.custom_shape = self.new_custom_shape("LINES", _QUAD_OUTLINE_LINES)
+        self.use_draw_scale = False
+        self.hide_select = True
+        self._last_outline_state = "unit"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Per-redraw orchestrator
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def apply_face_quad_layout(
+    *,
+    quad_gizmos,
+    outline_gizmos,
+    bmin: Any,
+    bmax: Any,
+    matrix_world: Any,
+    cage_rotation: Any,
+    region: Any,
+    rv3d: Any,
+    locked: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Lay out 6 face quads + 6 outlines on the box for this redraw.
+
+    ``quad_gizmos`` / ``outline_gizmos`` are length-6 sequences in
+    :data:`FACE_ROUTES` order. ``bmin`` / ``bmax`` are the box corners
+    in the host's local frame; ``matrix_world`` is the host's world
+    matrix; ``cage_rotation`` is the OBB rotation as a 4x4 (use
+    ``Matrix.Identity(4)`` when rotation rides in ``matrix_world``).
+    ``region`` / ``rv3d`` drive the view-dependent front/back split and
+    the screen-constant halo margin; passing ``rv3d = None`` bails.
+
+    Negative scale on the host is normalized to positive internally so
+    the visible cube and the clickable face gizmos stay aligned —
+    callers don't need to pre-process ``matrix_world``.
+
+    When ``locked`` (a drag is active), ``hide`` / ``select_bias``
+    writes are skipped — the active quad's geometry is still refreshed
+    so it tracks the moving box.
+    """
+    if rv3d is None or getattr(rv3d, "view_rotation", None) is None:
+        return
+    if len(quad_gizmos) != 6 or len(outline_gizmos) != 6:
+        return
+
+    mw = _abs_scale_matrix(matrix_world)
+    mw_rot = mw.to_quaternion().to_matrix()
+    mw_rot_scale = mw.to_3x3()
+    cage_rotation_3x3 = cage_rotation.to_3x3()
+    pivot_local = (bmin + bmax) * 0.5
+    box_center_local = pivot_local
+    face_midpoints_local = {
+        (0, False): Vector((float(bmin.x), box_center_local.y, box_center_local.z)),
+        (0, True): Vector((float(bmax.x), box_center_local.y, box_center_local.z)),
+        (1, False): Vector((box_center_local.x, float(bmin.y), box_center_local.z)),
+        (1, True): Vector((box_center_local.x, float(bmax.y), box_center_local.z)),
+        (2, False): Vector((box_center_local.x, box_center_local.y, float(bmin.z))),
+        (2, True): Vector((box_center_local.x, box_center_local.y, float(bmax.z))),
+    }
+
+    view_dir = (rv3d.view_rotation @ Vector((0.0, 0.0, -1.0))).normalized()
+    view_dir_tuple = (float(view_dir.x), float(view_dir.y), float(view_dir.z))
+    face_normals_world = []
+    for route_axis, route_is_max in FACE_ROUTES:
+        axis_local = Vector(face_outward_axis_local(route_axis, route_is_max))
+        n_world = (mw_rot @ cage_rotation_3x3 @ axis_local).normalized()
+        face_normals_world.append((float(n_world.x), float(n_world.y), float(n_world.z)))
+    front = front_facing_face_mask(tuple(face_normals_world), view_dir_tuple)
+
+    box_center_world = mw @ pivot_local
+    corners_world = _compute_box_corners_world(bmin, bmax, pivot_local, cage_rotation_3x3, mw)
+    route_to_index = {route: i for i, route in enumerate(FACE_ROUTES)}
+
+    for i, route in enumerate(FACE_ROUTES):
+        quad_gz = quad_gizmos[i]
+        is_front = front[i]
+        axis_b, is_max_b = route
+
+        # Place the colored OUTLINE on every face using the same composed
+        # face matrix the front-facing solid quad uses. Hidden/shown via
+        # alpha at the end of the pass.
+        outline_orient = _AXIS_ORIENT[route]
+        outline_face_world, _outline_axis = _compute_face_basis(
+            mw,
+            mw_rot,
+            cage_rotation,
+            pivot_local,
+            face_midpoints_local[route],
+            outline_orient,
+        )
+        ow, oh = _compute_face_quad_scale(bmin, bmax, axis_b, is_max_b)
+        outline_gizmos[i].matrix_basis = _compose_face_matrix_basis(
+            outline_face_world, mw_rot_scale, cage_rotation, outline_orient, ow, oh
+        )
+
+        if is_front:
+            if not locked:
+                quad_gz.hide = False
+                quad_gz.select_bias = _FACE_QUAD_FRONT_FACING_SELECT_BIAS
+            orient = _AXIS_ORIENT[route]
+            face_world, world_axis = _compute_face_basis(
+                mw,
+                mw_rot,
+                cage_rotation,
+                pivot_local,
+                face_midpoints_local[route],
+                orient,
+            )
+            w, h = _compute_face_quad_scale(bmin, bmax, axis_b, is_max_b)
+            quad_gz.matrix_basis = _compose_face_matrix_basis(face_world, mw_rot_scale, cage_rotation, orient, w, h)
+            quad_gz.axis = world_axis
+            if getattr(quad_gz, "_last_geometry_state", None) != "solid":
+                quad_gz.custom_shape = quad_gz.new_custom_shape("TRIS", _QUAD_TRIS)
+                quad_gz.custom_shape_select = None
+                quad_gz._last_geometry_state = "solid"
+            continue
+
+        # Back-facing: anchor at the back face centre; build halo strips
+        # in the planes of the adjacent FRONT faces, extruded outside
+        # the silhouette toward this face's outward normal.
+        face_world = mw @ (cage_rotation_3x3 @ (face_midpoints_local[route] - pivot_local) + pivot_local)
+        quad_gz.matrix_basis = Matrix.Translation(face_world)
+        quad_gz.axis = (mw_rot @ cage_rotation_3x3 @ Vector(face_outward_axis_local(axis_b, is_max_b))).normalized()
+
+        adjacent_front_routes = [
+            (axis_a, is_max_a)
+            for axis_a in range(3)
+            if axis_a != axis_b
+            for is_max_a in (False, True)
+            if front[route_to_index[(axis_a, is_max_a)]]
+        ]
+        # Per-face world margin: measure the screen-projected length of
+        # ONE world unit along THIS face's outward normal. The world
+        # margin that yields ~N pixels on screen is then ``N / length``.
+        # Foreshortening on oblique faces shortens the projected step,
+        # so the world step must grow to keep the strip the same width
+        # on screen.
+        face_world_margin = 0.0
+        if region is not None:
+            sample_end = box_center_world + quad_gz.axis * 1.0
+            screen_step = _world_segment_to_screen_pixels(region, rv3d, box_center_world, sample_end, min_pixels=0.0)
+            if screen_step > 0.0:
+                face_world_margin = _FACE_QUAD_HALO_TARGET_PIXELS / screen_step
+        if face_world_margin <= 0.0 or not adjacent_front_routes:
+            if not locked:
+                quad_gz.hide = True
+                quad_gz.select_bias = _FACE_QUAD_HALO_FRAME_SELECT_BIAS
+            if getattr(quad_gz, "_last_geometry_state", None) != "empty":
+                quad_gz.custom_shape = quad_gz.new_custom_shape("TRIS", _EMPTY_TRIS)
+                quad_gz.custom_shape_select = None
+                quad_gz._last_geometry_state = "empty"
+            continue
+
+        extrusion_world = quad_gz.axis * face_world_margin
+        extrusion_local = (
+            float(extrusion_world.x),
+            float(extrusion_world.y),
+            float(extrusion_world.z),
+        )
+        all_tris: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for axis_a, is_max_a in adjacent_front_routes:
+            edge_keys = _shared_edge_corner_keys(axis_a, is_max_a, axis_b, is_max_b)
+            if edge_keys is None:
+                continue
+            key0, key1 = edge_keys
+            wp0 = corners_world[key0]
+            wp1 = corners_world[key1]
+            local_p0 = (
+                float(wp0.x - face_world.x),
+                float(wp0.y - face_world.y),
+                float(wp0.z - face_world.z),
+            )
+            local_p1 = (
+                float(wp1.x - face_world.x),
+                float(wp1.y - face_world.y),
+                float(wp1.z - face_world.z),
+            )
+            all_tris.extend(_build_strip_tris_relative(local_p0, local_p1, extrusion_local))
+
+        if not locked:
+            quad_gz.hide = False
+            quad_gz.select_bias = _FACE_QUAD_HALO_FRAME_SELECT_BIAS
+
+        corner_keys = _face_corner_keys(axis_b, is_max_b)
+        wc_local = [
+            (
+                float(corners_world[k].x - face_world.x),
+                float(corners_world[k].y - face_world.y),
+                float(corners_world[k].z - face_world.z),
+            )
+            for k in corner_keys
+        ]
+        face_quad_local = [
+            wc_local[0],
+            wc_local[1],
+            wc_local[2],
+            wc_local[0],
+            wc_local[2],
+            wc_local[3],
+        ]
+        if _strips_geometry_changed(quad_gz, tuple(face_quad_local), tuple(all_tris)):
+            quad_gz.custom_shape = quad_gz.new_custom_shape("TRIS", face_quad_local)
+            quad_gz.custom_shape_select = quad_gz.new_custom_shape("TRIS", all_tris)
+        quad_gz._last_geometry_state = "strips"
+
+    # Outline alpha follows ONLY the hovered quad's own state — light
+    # the outline of the face under the cursor, nothing else.
+    if not locked:
+        for outline_gz, quad_gz in zip(outline_gizmos, quad_gizmos, strict=True):
+            lit = bool(getattr(quad_gz, "is_highlight", False))
+            outline_gz.alpha = 1.0 if lit else 0.0
+            outline_gz.alpha_highlight = 1.0 if lit else 0.0
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AXIS_COLOR",
+    "FACE_QUAD_ALPHA",
+    "FACE_QUAD_ALPHA_HIGHLIGHT",
+    "FACE_QUAD_SELECT_BIAS",
+    "FACE_ROUTES",
+    "BIM_GT_box_face_outline",
+    "BIM_GT_box_face_quad",
+    "apply_face_quad_layout",
+    "compute_face_resize",
+    "face_outward_axis_local",
+    "front_facing_face_mask",
+    "view_axis_parallel_face_mask",
+]

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/gizmos.py

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+"""Interactive face-quad resize gizmos for the active clip box.
+
+Adapter group that binds the generic :mod:`face_quad` core to a Bonsai
+clip-box Empty: six near-invisible click quads + six edge outlines on
+the cube's faces. Dragging a face does a ONE-SIDED resize — the dragged
+face moves along its outward world normal while the opposite face stays
+put — by writing the empty's ``location`` and ``scale``. Bonsai's
+depsgraph handler then re-arms the clip planes from the new matrix.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+from typing import Any
+
+import bpy
+from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+
+from . import face_quad
+
+# Local-frame bounds of the empty's CUBE display. The display spans
+# ``[-empty_display_size, +empty_display_size]^3``; Bonsai always sets
+# ``empty_display_size = 1.0`` on clip-box hosts, so the local box is
+# the unit cube. The empty's per-axis scale + rotation + translation
+# ride in ``matrix_world``, which the layout helper applies.
+_LOCAL_BMIN = Vector((-1.0, -1.0, -1.0))
+_LOCAL_BMAX = Vector((1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
+
+
+def _world_axis(empty: bpy.types.Object, axis: int, is_max: bool) -> Vector:
+    """Outward world-space unit normal of the ``(axis, is_max)`` face.
+
+    Uses the rotation-only matrix so a negative-scale empty doesn't
+    flip the resulting direction — the visible "+X face" then stays
+    associated with world +X (transformed through rotation).
+    """
+    rot_mat = empty.matrix_world.to_quaternion().to_matrix()
+    n = Vector(rot_mat.col[axis])
+    if n.length <= 0.0:
+        return Vector((0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+    n.normalize()
+    return n if is_max else -n
+
+
+def _world_half_extent(empty: bpy.types.Object, axis: int) -> float:
+    """The empty's box half-extent along local ``axis`` in WORLD units.
+
+    A CUBE empty's local cube is ``±empty_display_size``; ``matrix_world``
+    stretches it by the column length on ``axis``. So the world
+    half-extent is ``|column[axis]| * empty_display_size``.
+    """
+    col_len = empty.matrix_world.to_3x3().col[axis].length
+    display_size = abs(float(getattr(empty, "empty_display_size", 1.0) or 1.0))
+    return float(col_len) * display_size
+
+
+def _make_face_get_cb(gz: Any, group: Any, axis: int, is_max: bool):
+    """Closure returning the world half-extent at drag start and
+    snapshotting the empty's full transform on the gizmo instance.
+
+    The snapshot lives on the gizmo (not the group) so a PERSISTENT
+    group servicing multiple clip boxes can't bleed one drag's state
+    onto another. Cleared on ``exit`` by the shared face-quad hook.
+    """
+
+    def getter() -> float:
+        empty = group._empty
+        if empty is None:
+            return 0.0
+        existing = getattr(gz, "_drag_snapshot", None)
+        if existing is not None and existing.get("empty_name") == getattr(empty, "name", None):
+            return float(existing["world_half"])
+
+        world_half = _world_half_extent(empty, axis)
+        display_size = abs(float(getattr(empty, "empty_display_size", 1.0) or 1.0))
+        gz._drag_snapshot = {
+            "empty_name": getattr(empty, "name", None),
+            "world_half": world_half,
+            "location": tuple(float(v) for v in empty.location),
+            "scale": tuple(float(v) for v in empty.scale),
+            "display_size": display_size if display_size != 0.0 else 1.0,
+            "world_axis": tuple(_world_axis(empty, axis, is_max)),
+        }
+        return float(world_half)
+
+    return getter
+
+
+def _make_ctrl_click_cb(axis: int, is_max: bool):
+    """Closure that dispatches CTRL+click on a face to the align-view operator.
+
+    Routing through an operator (rather than mutating ``rv3d`` here)
+    keeps the action F3-searchable and undoable.
+    """
+
+    def _callback(_context: Any, _event: Any) -> None:
+        bpy.ops.bim.align_view_to_clip_face("INVOKE_DEFAULT", axis=axis, is_max=is_max)
+
+    return _callback
+
+
+def _make_face_set_cb(gz: Any, group: Any, axis: int, is_max: bool):
+    """Closure that applies a one-sided face resize by writing the
+    empty's ``location`` + ``scale``.
+
+    The modal calls this with ``value = init + delta`` where ``delta``
+    is the cursor's projection onto the face's OUTWARD world normal.
+    Both reads come from ``gz._drag_snapshot`` so every frame is
+    relative to drag start, never compounding.
+    """
+    del is_max  # snapshot's world_axis carries the direction
+
+    def setter(value: float) -> None:
+        empty = group._empty
+        if empty is None:
+            return
+        snap = getattr(gz, "_drag_snapshot", None)
+        if snap is None or snap.get("empty_name") != getattr(empty, "name", None):
+            return
+
+        new_scale_axis, new_location = face_quad.compute_face_resize(
+            value=value,
+            init_world_half=snap["world_half"],
+            init_location=snap["location"],
+            world_axis=snap["world_axis"],
+            display_size=snap["display_size"],
+        )
+        new_scale = list(snap["scale"])
+        # Preserve the sign of the original scale so a user-flipped empty
+        # stays flipped after the resize — compute_face_resize returns a
+        # positive magnitude, the sign is the user's intent to keep.
+        sign = -1.0 if snap["scale"][axis] < 0.0 else 1.0
+        new_scale[axis] = sign * new_scale_axis
+
+        empty.scale = new_scale
+        empty.location = Vector(new_location)
+
+    return setter
+
+
+class OBJECT_GGT_bim_clip_box(bpy.types.GizmoGroup):  # noqa: N801 — Blender bl_idname convention
+    """Face-quad resize handles on the active clip box.
+
+    Renders six near-invisible click-target quads and six colored edge
+    outlines on the active clip-box empty whenever clipping is enabled.
+    Click-and-drag a face to resize one-sided; the opposite face stays
+    put. CTRL+click and plain click fall through to selection.
+    """
+
+    bl_idname = "OBJECT_GGT_bim_clip_box"
+    bl_label = "Bonsai Clip Box Faces"
+    bl_space_type = "VIEW_3D"
+    bl_region_type = "WINDOW"
+    bl_options = {"3D", "PERSISTENT", "SHOW_MODAL_ALL"}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def poll(cls, context: Any) -> bool:
+        scene = getattr(context, "scene", None)
+        if scene is None:
+            return False
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(scene)
+        if not scene_props.enabled or not scene_props.enable_gizmos:
+            return False
+        active_clip_box = tool.ClipBox.get_active_clip_box(scene)
+        if active_clip_box is None:
+            return False
+        # Only render when the user has the active clip box itself
+        # selected — otherwise the face handles would intercept clicks
+        # meant for the geometry behind them.
+        return getattr(context, "active_object", None) is active_clip_box
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_keymap(cls, keyconfig):
+        # Bind CLICK_DRAG so plain LEFTMOUSE PRESS passes through to
+        # selection — the user can still click through a near-invisible
+        # face quad to pick a mesh behind it.
+        km = keyconfig.keymaps.new(
+            name=cls.bl_idname,
+            space_type=cls.bl_space_type,
+            region_type=cls.bl_region_type,
+        )
+        km.keymap_items.new("gizmogroup.gizmo_tweak", type="LEFTMOUSE", value="CLICK_DRAG")
+        km.keymap_items.new("gizmogroup.gizmo_tweak", type="LEFTMOUSE", value="PRESS", ctrl=True)
+        return km
+
+    def setup(self, context: Any) -> None:
+        # ``_empty`` is resolved each refresh so the PERSISTENT group
+        # follows whichever clip box is active in the scene PG.
+        self._empty: bpy.types.Object | None = None
+        self._locked = False
+        self._face_routes: list[tuple[int, bool]] = []
+
+        for axis, is_max in face_quad.FACE_ROUTES:
+            gz = self.gizmos.new(face_quad.BIM_GT_box_face_quad.bl_idname)
+            gz._group = self
+            gz._face_axis = axis
+            gz.is_max = is_max
+            gz._drag_snapshot = None
+            gz._last_geometry_state = "solid"
+            gz._strips_cache_key = None
+            gz.color = face_quad.AXIS_COLOR[axis]
+            gz.color_highlight = tuple(min(1.0, c + 0.3) for c in face_quad.AXIS_COLOR[axis])
+            gz.alpha = face_quad.FACE_QUAD_ALPHA
+            gz.alpha_highlight = face_quad.FACE_QUAD_ALPHA_HIGHLIGHT
+            gz.use_draw_modal = True
+            gz.scale_basis = 1.0
+            gz.select_bias = face_quad.FACE_QUAD_SELECT_BIAS
+            gz.move_get_cb = _make_face_get_cb(gz, self, axis, is_max)
+            gz.move_set_cb = _make_face_set_cb(gz, self, axis, is_max)
+            # CTRL+click on a face aligns the viewport to look at it.
+            gz.ctrl_click_cb = _make_ctrl_click_cb(axis, is_max)
+            self._face_routes.append((axis, is_max))
+
+        # Outlines added last so they composite on top of the quad
+        # fills (Blender draws gizmos in creation order).
+        for axis, is_max in face_quad.FACE_ROUTES:
+            ol = self.gizmos.new(face_quad.BIM_GT_box_face_outline.bl_idname)
+            ol._face_axis = axis
+            ol.is_max = is_max
+            ol.color = face_quad.AXIS_COLOR[axis]
+            ol.color_highlight = face_quad.AXIS_COLOR[axis]
+            ol.alpha = 0.0
+            ol.alpha_highlight = 0.0
+            ol.line_width = 2.5
+
+    def _quad_gizmos(self):
+        return self.gizmos[: len(self._face_routes)]
+
+    def _outline_gizmos(self):
+        n = len(self._face_routes)
+        return self.gizmos[n : 2 * n]
+
+    def refresh(self, context: Any) -> None:
+        """State-change path: resolve the active empty, then run the
+        shared face-quad layout so the quads aren't stale for a frame
+        after a selection or active-index change."""
+        empty = tool.ClipBox.get_active_clip_box(context.scene)
+        self._empty = empty
+        if empty is None:
+            for gz in self.gizmos:
+                gz.hide = True
+            return
+        self._layout(context, empty)
+
+    def draw_prepare(self, context: Any) -> None:
+        """Per-redraw — fires on orbit — re-run the layout so the
+        front/back split, halo strips, and outline highlights track
+        the camera and any live G/R/S on the empty."""
+        empty = self._empty
+        if empty is None:
+            return
+        self._layout(context, empty)
+
+    def _layout(self, context: Any, empty: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
+        face_quad.apply_face_quad_layout(
+            quad_gizmos=self._quad_gizmos(),
+            outline_gizmos=self._outline_gizmos(),
+            bmin=_LOCAL_BMIN,
+            bmax=_LOCAL_BMAX,
+            matrix_world=empty.matrix_world,
+            # The empty's rotation rides in matrix_world, so the
+            # box-local OBB rotation is identity.
+            cage_rotation=Matrix.Identity(4),
+            region=getattr(context, "region", None),
+            rv3d=getattr(context, "region_data", None),
+            locked=self._locked,
+        )
+
+    # ---- mutual exclusion (lock siblings during a drag) ------------------
+
+    def _lock_for(self, active_gizmo) -> None:
+        self._locked = True
+        for gz in self.gizmos:
+            if gz is not active_gizmo:
+                with contextlib.suppress(ReferenceError, RuntimeError):
+                    gz.hide = True
+
+    def _unlock_all(self) -> None:
+        self._locked = False
+        for gz in self.gizmos:
+            with contextlib.suppress(ReferenceError, RuntimeError):
+                gz.hide = False
+        # Rebuild caps synchronously so the cross-section overlay
+        # re-forms the instant the user releases the handle, rather
+        # than waiting for the depsgraph's debounced rebuild path.
+        with contextlib.suppress(RuntimeError, ReferenceError):
+            tool.ClipBox.rebuild_caps_now()
+        # Push an undo step so the user can revert a face drag with Ctrl+Z.
+        with contextlib.suppress(RuntimeError):
+            bpy.ops.ed.undo_push(message="Resize Clip Box")

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/operator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+import bpy
+from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+from bonsai.bim.helper import prop_with_search
+
+from . import data
+
+# NOTE: do NOT add ``from __future__ import annotations`` to this module.
+# PEP 563 stringifies the operator's EnumProperty class annotations, which
+# breaks any introspection that reads ``cls.__annotations__[name].keywords``
+# — including the enum-search helper that draws the search-button icon.
+
+CLIP_BOX_NAME = "ClipBox"
+
+# Display labels for the source-based picker, used for the menu entries and
+# the dialog title. The dict keys are the canonical source-kind identifiers.
+SOURCE_KIND_LABELS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "SPATIAL": "Spatial Element",
+    "CLASS": "Class",
+    "TYPE": "Type",
+    "MATERIAL": "Material",
+    "PROFILE": "Profile",
+    "DRAWING": "Drawing",
+    "STATUS": "Status",
+    "SYSTEM": "System",
+    "GROUP": "Group",
+    "ZONE": "Zone",
+}
+
+
+_SOURCE_ID_DISPATCH = {
+    "SPATIAL": data.spatial_items,
+    "CLASS": data.class_items,
+    "TYPE": data.type_items,
+    "MATERIAL": data.material_items,
+    "PROFILE": data.profile_items,
+    "DRAWING": data.drawing_items,
+    "STATUS": data.status_items,
+    "SYSTEM": data.system_items,
+    "GROUP": data.group_items,
+    "ZONE": data.zone_items,
+}
+
+
+def _source_id_items(self, context):
+    """Dispatch the ``source_id`` enum items based on the picked ``source_kind``."""
+    fn = _SOURCE_ID_DISPATCH.get(self.source_kind)
+    if fn is None:
+        return [(data.NO_OPTIONS_ID, "No options", "")]
+    return fn(self, context)
+
+
+def _source_display_name(kind, source_id):
+    """Human-readable name of the picked source, used in the clip-box name."""
+    if kind == "STATUS":
+        return next((label for value, label in data.STATUS_LABELS if value == source_id), source_id)
+    if kind == "CLASS":
+        # source_id IS the human-readable IFC class name.
+        return source_id
+    ifc = tool.Ifc.get()
+    if ifc is None:
+        return source_id
+    try:
+        entity = ifc.by_id(int(source_id))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
+        return source_id
+    return (getattr(entity, "Name", None) or "Unnamed").strip() or "Unnamed"
+
+
+class BIM_OT_align_view_to_clip_face(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.align_view_to_clip_face"
+    bl_label = "Align View to Clip Box Face"
+    bl_description = "Orient the 3D viewport to look directly at the picked clip-box face"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER"}
+
+    axis: bpy.props.IntProperty(default=0, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    is_max: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=True, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        rv3d = getattr(context, "region_data", None)
+        if rv3d is None:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        clip_box = tool.ClipBox.get_active_clip_box(context.scene)
+        if clip_box is None:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        rot_mat = clip_box.matrix_world.to_quaternion().to_matrix()
+        outward_local = Vector((0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+        outward_local[self.axis] = 1.0 if self.is_max else -1.0
+        outward = (rot_mat @ outward_local).normalized()
+        if outward.length == 0.0:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        up_world = (rot_mat @ _local_up_for_face(self.axis, self.is_max)).normalized()
+        rv3d.view_rotation = _view_rotation_from_forward_and_up(-outward, up_world)
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+def _local_up_for_face(axis: int, is_max: bool) -> Vector:
+    """Box-local up direction for a face, following Blender numpad conventions.
+
+    Side faces (local ±X / ±Y normal) → local +Z is up. Top face (local +Z
+    normal) → local +Y is up; bottom face (local -Z normal) → local -Y is
+    up. The caller rotates this through the empty's matrix so the
+    resulting world up axis tracks the box's orientation.
+    """
+    if axis == 2:
+        return Vector((0.0, 1.0, 0.0)) if is_max else Vector((0.0, -1.0, 0.0))
+    return Vector((0.0, 0.0, 1.0))
+
+
+def _view_rotation_from_forward_and_up(forward: Vector, up_hint: Vector) -> "bpy.types.Quaternion":
+    """Build a camera ``view_rotation`` that looks along ``forward`` with
+    ``up_hint`` projected to the camera's local +Y."""
+    back = -forward.normalized()
+    right = up_hint.cross(back)
+    if right.length < 1e-6:
+        right = Vector((1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+    right.normalize()
+    up = back.cross(right).normalized()
+    return Matrix(
+        (
+            (right.x, up.x, back.x),
+            (right.y, up.y, back.y),
+            (right.z, up.z, back.z),
+        )
+    ).to_quaternion()
+
+
+class BIM_OT_add_clip_box(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.add_clip_box"
+    bl_label = "Add Clip Box"
+    bl_description = (
+        "Create a clip box empty at the 3D cursor. The empty's location, rotation, and scale "
+        "drive the viewport clip planes; resize with S, move with G, rotate with R"
+    )
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        # Default to a 20m cube (scale 10 around [-1, +1] local cube) so
+        # the volume covers a typical building storey or two rather than
+        # the meaningless 2m unit cube. The user resizes with S.
+        matrix = Matrix.Translation(context.scene.cursor.location.copy()) @ Matrix.Diagonal((10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 1.0))
+        tool.ClipBox.create_clip_box_empty(context, matrix, name=CLIP_BOX_NAME)
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_add_clip_box_for_source(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.add_clip_box_for_source"
+    bl_label = "Add Clip Box From Source"
+    bl_description = (
+        "Create a clip box sized to a chosen source: a spatial container, IFC type, material, "
+        "profile, drawing camera frustum, element status, system, group, or zone"
+    )
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    source_kind: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
+        name="Source Kind",
+        items=[(kind, label, "") for kind, label in SOURCE_KIND_LABELS.items()],
+        default="SPATIAL",
+        options={"SKIP_SAVE"},
+    )
+    source_id: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
+        name="Source",
+        items=_source_id_items,
+        options={"SKIP_SAVE"},
+    )
+
+    def invoke(self, context, event):
+        return context.window_manager.invoke_props_dialog(self)
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        label = f"Clip {SOURCE_KIND_LABELS.get(self.source_kind, 'Source')}"
+        # Search button appears once the enum exceeds the helper's threshold,
+        # giving the user a popup picker instead of a plain dropdown.
+        prop_with_search(layout, self, "source_id", text=label)
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        if not self.source_id or self.source_id == data.NO_OPTIONS_ID:
+            self.report({"ERROR"}, "No source selected.")
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        matrix = tool.ClipBox.compute_matrix_for_source(self.source_kind, self.source_id)
+        if matrix is None:
+            kind_label = SOURCE_KIND_LABELS.get(self.source_kind, self.source_kind)
+            self.report(
+                {"ERROR"},
+                f"No elements found for {kind_label} '{_source_display_name(self.source_kind, self.source_id)}'.",
+            )
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        name = f"ClipBox.{SOURCE_KIND_LABELS.get(self.source_kind, self.source_kind)}.{_source_display_name(self.source_kind, self.source_id)}"
+        tool.ClipBox.create_clip_box_empty(context, matrix, name=name)
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_remove_clip_box(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.remove_clip_box"
+    bl_label = "Remove Clip Box"
+    bl_description = "Remove this clip box and its host empty"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    index: bpy.props.IntProperty(default=-1, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    delete_object: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=True, name="Delete Host Object")
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+        index = self.index if self.index >= 0 else scene_props.active_clip_box_index
+        if index < 0 or index >= len(scene_props.clip_boxes):
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+
+        entry = scene_props.clip_boxes[index]
+        obj = entry.obj
+        scene_props.clip_boxes.remove(index)
+        if scene_props.active_clip_box_index >= len(scene_props.clip_boxes):
+            scene_props.active_clip_box_index = max(0, len(scene_props.clip_boxes) - 1)
+
+        if self.delete_object and obj is not None:
+            bpy.data.objects.remove(obj, do_unlink=True)
+
+        tool.ClipBox.refresh(context.scene)
+        tool.ClipBox.save_to_project_pset(context.scene)
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_set_active_clip_box(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.set_active_clip_box"
+    bl_label = "Set Active Clip Box"
+    bl_description = "Set this clip box as the active one driving the viewport clip"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    index: bpy.props.IntProperty(default=-1, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+        if self.index < 0 or self.index >= len(scene_props.clip_boxes):
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        scene_props.active_clip_box_index = self.index
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_toggle_clip_box_enabled(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.toggle_clip_box_enabled"
+    bl_label = "Toggle Clip Box"
+    bl_description = "Toggle whether the active clip box is driving the viewport clip planes"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+        scene_props.enabled = not scene_props.enabled
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_duplicate_clip_box(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.duplicate_clip_box"
+    bl_label = "Duplicate Clip Box"
+    bl_description = "Duplicate this clip box: copy its empty + matrix into a new entry"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    index: bpy.props.IntProperty(default=-1, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+        source_index = self.index if self.index >= 0 else scene_props.active_clip_box_index
+        if source_index < 0 or source_index >= len(scene_props.clip_boxes):
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        source = scene_props.clip_boxes[source_index].obj
+        if source is None:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+
+        copy = tool.ClipBox.create_clip_box_empty(context, source.matrix_world.copy(), name=source.name)
+        # Preserve the source's display attrs so the duplicate matches.
+        copy.empty_display_type = source.empty_display_type
+        copy.empty_display_size = source.empty_display_size
+        copy.show_in_front = source.show_in_front
+        return {"FINISHED"}

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/prop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import bpy
+from bpy.types import PropertyGroup
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+from bonsai.bim.prop import ObjProperty
+
+
+class BIMClipBoxProperties(PropertyGroup):
+    """Per-object marker for a clip-box host empty.
+
+    The host empty's ``matrix_world`` is the single source of truth for
+    the clip box's pose and dimensions: translation = box centre,
+    rotation = box orientation, per-axis scale = world half-extents. The
+    visible cube comes from the empty's CUBE display.
+
+    Only ``is_clip_box`` lives here; visibility (``enabled``) and overlay
+    (``show_caps``) are global per-file and live on the Scene PG.
+    """
+
+    is_clip_box: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        default=False,
+        description="True when this empty was created as a clip-box host. Internal flag; not user-edited.",
+    )
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        is_clip_box: bool
+
+
+def update_active_clip_box_index(self, context):
+    tool.ClipBox.schedule_refresh()
+    tool.ClipBox.select_active_clip_box(context)
+    # Rebuild caps for the new active box's clip volume.
+    tool.ClipBox.invalidate_cap_cache(immediate=True)
+
+
+def update_show_caps(self, context):
+    tool.ClipBox.schedule_refresh()
+    # Off → on must trigger a rebuild so caps reappear immediately rather
+    # than wait for the next depsgraph tick. The rebuild is a no-op when
+    # show_caps is now False (it clears and returns), so this is safe in
+    # both directions.
+    tool.ClipBox.invalidate_cap_cache()
+
+
+def update_enabled(self, context):
+    tool.ClipBox.schedule_refresh()
+
+
+def update_clip_only_ifc_products(self, context):
+    # The eligibility set for capping changed — drop the cache and let the
+    # debounced rebuild pick up the new objects on the next idle tick.
+    tool.ClipBox.invalidate_cap_cache()
+
+
+def update_include_linked_ifc(self, context):
+    tool.ClipBox.invalidate_cap_cache()
+
+
+class BIMSceneClipBoxProperties(PropertyGroup):
+    """Scene-level registry of clip boxes in this file.
+
+    Multiple boxes may exist; ``active_clip_box_index`` selects which one
+    drives the viewport clip at any time. ``enabled`` and ``show_caps``
+    are global because the user's intent ("hide everything outside the
+    box", "draw cap overlays") applies file-wide, not per box.
+
+    ``enabled`` is intentionally not persisted to the project pset:
+    opening a fresh IFC should never silently hide geometry behind a
+    remembered toggle. Selecting any clip-box empty in the viewport
+    re-arms it (see :meth:`tool.ClipBox._sync_active_to_selection`).
+    """
+
+    clip_boxes: bpy.props.CollectionProperty(type=ObjProperty)
+    active_clip_box_index: bpy.props.IntProperty(
+        default=0,
+        min=0,
+        update=update_active_clip_box_index,
+        description="Index of the clip box currently driving the viewport clip planes",
+    )
+    enabled: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Enabled",
+        default=False,
+        update=update_enabled,
+        description="When enabled, the active clip box hides all viewport geometry outside its 6 faces",
+    )
+    show_caps: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Show Caps",
+        default=True,
+        update=update_show_caps,
+        description=(
+            "Draw filled cross-section caps where IFC product geometry "
+            "crosses the active clip planes. Disable for performance on "
+            "very heavy scenes"
+        ),
+    )
+    # Stored on the Scene PG so Blender persists it in the .blend; deliberately
+    # NOT written to the project pset so the IFC stays portable across users
+    # who may have different Blender-side reference geometry to clip.
+    clip_only_ifc_products: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Only IFC Products",
+        default=True,
+        update=update_clip_only_ifc_products,
+        description=(
+            "When enabled, only IFC element geometry gets cross-section caps. "
+            "Disable to also cap Blender-side reference meshes (sketches, "
+            "imported obj, primitive cubes, …)"
+        ),
+    )
+    # Opt-in inclusion of geometry sitting inside loaded Project › Links
+    # collection-instance empties. Off by default — linked IFCs commonly
+    # carry the entire site / structural / MEP context, and bisecting
+    # them on every clip-box edit can be expensive.
+    include_linked_ifc: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Include Linked IFC",
+        default=False,
+        update=update_include_linked_ifc,
+        description=(
+            "Also generate cross-section caps for geometry inside linked "
+            "IFC files (Project ▸ Links). Off by default — linked IFCs may "
+            "carry the entire site / structural backbone, and capping them "
+            "adds per-mesh bisect cost on every clip-box edit"
+        ),
+    )
+    # Also Scene-only — gizmo visibility is a per-user editing preference,
+    # not a portable IFC property.
+    enable_gizmos: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Show Face Handles",
+        default=True,
+        description=(
+            "Show interactive face-resize handles on the active clip box. "
+            "Disable to fall back to plain G/R/S transforms on the empty"
+        ),
+    )
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        active_clip_box_index: int
+        enabled: bool
+        show_caps: bool
+        clip_only_ifc_products: bool
+        include_linked_ifc: bool
+        enable_gizmos: bool

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/clip_box/ui.py

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from bpy.types import Menu, Panel, UIList
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+
+# Per-kind icon for the source-picker menu. Picked from Blender's built-in
+# icon set; semantically close to the kind so users can scan the menu visually.
+_SOURCE_MENU_ENTRIES: tuple[tuple[str, str, str], ...] = (
+    ("SPATIAL", "Clip Spatial Element", "OUTLINER_COLLECTION"),
+    ("CLASS", "Clip by Class", "BLANK1"),
+    ("TYPE", "Clip Type", "FILE_3D"),
+    ("MATERIAL", "Clip Material", "MATERIAL"),
+    ("PROFILE", "Clip Profile", "MESH_CIRCLE"),
+    ("DRAWING", "Clip Drawing Extents", "CAMERA_DATA"),
+    ("STATUS", "Clip by Status", "INFO"),
+    ("SYSTEM", "Clip by System", "MOD_FLUID"),
+    ("GROUP", "Clip by Group", "OUTLINER_OB_GROUP_INSTANCE"),
+    ("ZONE", "Clip by Zone", "MOD_LATTICE"),
+)
+
+
+class BIM_MT_clip_box_add_for_source(Menu):
+    bl_idname = "BIM_MT_clip_box_add_for_source"
+    bl_label = "Add Clip Box From Source"
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        for kind, label, icon in _SOURCE_MENU_ENTRIES:
+            op = layout.operator("bim.add_clip_box_for_source", text=label, icon=icon)
+            op.source_kind = kind
+
+
+class BIM_MT_clip_box_settings(Menu):
+    bl_idname = "BIM_MT_clip_box_settings"
+    bl_label = "Clip Box Settings"
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+        self.layout.prop(scene_props, "clip_only_ifc_products")
+        self.layout.prop(scene_props, "include_linked_ifc")
+        self.layout.prop(scene_props, "enable_gizmos")
+
+
+class BIM_MT_clip_box_info(Menu):
+    bl_idname = "BIM_MT_clip_box_info"
+    bl_label = "Clip Box Face Handles"
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        layout.label(text="Face Handles", icon="INFO")
+        layout.separator()
+        layout.label(text="Drag a face to resize the clip box on that axis.")
+        layout.label(text="The opposite face stays fixed (one-sided resize).")
+        layout.label(text="Ctrl+Click a face to align the viewport to it.")
+        layout.separator()
+        layout.label(text="Toggle handles from the Settings (gear) menu.")
+
+
+class BIM_UL_clip_box(UIList):
+    def draw_item(self, context, layout, data, item, icon, active_data, active_propname, index, flt_flag):
+        obj = item.obj
+        row = layout.row(align=True)
+        if obj is None:
+            # Host empty was deleted from outliner; still expose the
+            # remove button so the orphan entry isn't permanent.
+            row.label(text="(missing)", icon="ERROR")
+            row.operator("bim.remove_clip_box", text="", icon="X", emboss=False).index = index
+            return
+        row.prop(obj, "name", text="", emboss=False, icon="MESH_CUBE")
+        row.operator("bim.duplicate_clip_box", text="", icon="DUPLICATE", emboss=False).index = index
+        row.operator("bim.remove_clip_box", text="", icon="X", emboss=False).index = index
+
+
+class BIM_PT_clip_box(Panel):
+    bl_idname = "BIM_PT_clip_box"
+    bl_label = "Clip Box"
+    bl_space_type = "PROPERTIES"
+    bl_region_type = "WINDOW"
+    bl_context = "scene"
+    bl_options = {"DEFAULT_CLOSED"}
+    bl_parent_id = "BIM_PT_tab_sandbox"
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+
+        toggles = layout.row(align=True)
+        toggles.scale_y = 2.0
+        toggles.prop(
+            scene_props,
+            "enabled",
+            text="Enable Clipping",
+            icon="HIDE_OFF" if scene_props.enabled else "HIDE_ON",
+            toggle=True,
+        )
+        toggles.prop(scene_props, "show_caps", text="Show Caps", icon="MOD_SOLIDIFY", toggle=True)
+        toggles.menu("BIM_MT_clip_box_settings", icon="PREFERENCES", text="")
+        toggles.menu("BIM_MT_clip_box_info", icon="INFO", text="")
+
+        layout.separator()
+        row = layout.row(align=True)
+        row.operator("bim.add_clip_box", icon="ADD", text="Add Clip Box")
+        row.menu("BIM_MT_clip_box_add_for_source", icon="DOWNARROW_HLT", text="")
+
+        layout.template_list(
+            "BIM_UL_clip_box",
+            "",
+            scene_props,
+            "clip_boxes",
+            scene_props,
+            "active_clip_box_index",
+            rows=3,
+        )
+
+        obj = tool.ClipBox.get_active_clip_box(context.scene)
+        if obj is None:
+            layout.label(text="No active clip box", icon="INFO")
+            return
+
+        col = layout.column(align=True)
+        col.label(text="Edit the empty with G / R / S to move / rotate / resize")
+        col.prop(obj, "location")
+        col.prop(obj, "rotation_euler")
+        col.prop(obj, "scale")

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/drawing/gizmos.py

@@ -82,7 +82,15 @@ import math
 from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Literal, Optional, Protocol, runtime_checkable
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Literal,
+    Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    runtime_checkable,
+)
 
 import blf
 import bpy
@@ -105,6 +113,9 @@ from mathutils.kdtree import KDTree
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.module.drawing.shaders import ExtrusionGuidesShader
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import bmesh
+
 SNAP_POINT_SIZE = 10.0
 SNAP_POINT_COLOR = (1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0)
 SNAP_MAX_RADIUS = 50.0
@@ -159,40 +170,13 @@ _SPECIAL = {"=", " "}  # Formula prefix, spaces
 NUMERIC_INPUT_CHARS = _DIGITS | _OPERATORS | _METRIC_UNITS | _IMPERIAL_UNITS | _SPECIAL
 
 
-_BONSAI_TRANSFORM_MACROS = frozenset(
-    {
-        # Bonsai overrides Blender's default move/duplicate keymaps with
-        # macros that wrap TRANSFORM_OT_translate. While a macro is the outer
-        # modal entry, the inner TRANSFORM_OT_translate does not surface in
-        # window.modal_operators — the macro's own idname does. The
-        # ``BIM_OT_`` prefix is what Blender returns from ``bl_idname`` at
-        # runtime (the class declaration uses the dotted ``bim.`` form).
-        "BIM_OT_override_move_macro",  # G key
-        "BIM_OT_override_object_duplicate_move_macro",  # Shift+D
-        "BIM_OT_override_object_duplicate_move_linked_macro",  # Alt+D
-        "BIM_OT_object_duplicate_move_linked_aggregate_macro",  # Ctrl+Shift+D
-    }
-)
-
-
 def _is_transform_modal_active(context) -> bool:
-    """True iff a Blender transform modal (G/R/S and siblings, including
-    Bonsai's macro overrides) is currently driving per-frame ``matrix_world``
-    updates. Reads ``window.modal_operators`` — the Blender 4.2+ collection of
-    running modal operators. Parametric gizmo groups gate poll + draw_prepare
-    on this so they hide for the duration of the drag instead of sliding
-    off-cursor as the matrix updates each frame."""
-    window = getattr(context, "window", None)
-    if window is None:
-        return False
-    modal_ops = getattr(window, "modal_operators", None)
-    if not modal_ops:
-        return False
-    for op in modal_ops:
-        idname = op.bl_idname
-        if idname.startswith("TRANSFORM_OT_") or idname in _BONSAI_TRANSFORM_MACROS:
-            return True
-    return False
+    """Module-local alias for ``tool.Blender.is_transform_modal_active``.
+
+    Preserved as a name so AST scans and call sites in this file stay
+    decoupled from the helper's home module.
+    """
+    return tool.Blender.is_transform_modal_active(context)
 
 
 def _hide_all_non_modal_gizmos(group) -> None:
@@ -2062,7 +2046,9 @@ class TexturedQuadGizmoMixin(StaticTrisGizmoMixin):
 
     def setup(self) -> None:
         super().setup()
-        from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import gizmo_textures
+        from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import (
+            gizmo_textures,  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
+        )
 
         self._quad_batch = batch_for_shader(
             gizmo_textures.get_shader(),
@@ -2071,7 +2057,9 @@ class TexturedQuadGizmoMixin(StaticTrisGizmoMixin):
         )
 
     def draw(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
-        from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import gizmo_textures
+        from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import (
+            gizmo_textures,  # ty: ignore[unresolved-import]
+        )
 
         texture = gizmo_textures.get_icon_texture(self.icon_name)
         if texture is None:
@@ -4877,7 +4865,14 @@ class GizmoDimension(GizmoMovable):
 
         self.init_value = click_distance
 
-        if self.initial_snap_state and self.active_obj:
+        # Schematic gizmos opt out of dimension snap. Force the header
+        # indicator to ``off`` for the drag's duration so the user sees the
+        # state matches behaviour; ``exit`` restores ``initial_snap_state``.
+        # Skipping the snap cache here also avoids the per-drag mesh probe.
+        snap_supported = getattr(self.gizmo_group, "snap_enabled_on_dimensions", True)
+        if not snap_supported:
+            context.scene.tool_settings.use_snap = False
+        elif self.initial_snap_state and self.active_obj:
             build_snap_cache(context, self.active_obj)
             self._snap_cache_built = True
 
@@ -4919,11 +4914,18 @@ class GizmoDimension(GizmoMovable):
         if not region or not rv3d:
             return {"RUNNING_MODAL"}
 
-        tool_settings.use_snap = not self.initial_snap_state if event.ctrl else self.initial_snap_state
+        # Group-level opt-out: schematic gizmos float in viewport space, so
+        # global-snap-to-scene-vertices would produce spurious value jumps.
+        # The fallback (``True``) covers any gizmo whose group is not a
+        # ``BaseParametricGizmoGroup``.
+        snap_supported = getattr(self.gizmo_group, "snap_enabled_on_dimensions", True)
 
-        if tool_settings.use_snap and not self._snap_cache_built and self.active_obj:
-            build_snap_cache(context, self.active_obj)
-            self._snap_cache_built = True
+        if snap_supported:
+            tool_settings.use_snap = not self.initial_snap_state if event.ctrl else self.initial_snap_state
+
+            if tool_settings.use_snap and not self._snap_cache_built and self.active_obj:
+                build_snap_cache(context, self.active_obj)
+                self._snap_cache_built = True
 
         current_coord = (event.mouse_region_x, event.mouse_region_y)
 
@@ -4947,7 +4949,7 @@ class GizmoDimension(GizmoMovable):
 
         delta = (current_3d - self.start_location).dot(axis_direction)
 
-        if tool_settings.use_snap and self.active_obj:
+        if snap_supported and tool_settings.use_snap and self.active_obj:
             # Snap the dimension tip (not mouse position) to target
             # Calculate where the dimension tip would be with current delta
             # The tip is at: gizmo_origin + axis * (init_value + delta)
@@ -5320,6 +5322,13 @@ class BaseParametricGizmoGroup:
     # Pre-computed flip matrix for negative value handling (180° rotation around Z)
     FLIP_MATRIX = Matrix.Rotation(math.pi, 4, "Z")
 
+    # Default: dimension drags respect Blender's global snap (Ctrl-toggleable
+    # during drag). Subclasses whose dimensions float in viewport space rather
+    # than aligning to real-world geometry should override to ``False`` —
+    # snapping to scene vertices in that case produces spurious value jumps
+    # as the mouse crosses unrelated meshes.
+    snap_enabled_on_dimensions: bool = True
+
     # === Icon Gizmo Layout (meters) ===
     # Icons are positioned in a horizontal row above the element:
     #   [Validate] [Cancel] [Cycle]
@@ -6580,6 +6589,11 @@ class BaseSchematicGizmoGroup(BaseParametricGizmoGroup):
     # list and become no-ops. The schematic equivalents below take their place.
     dimension_gizmo_props: list[DimensionGizmoConfig] = []
 
+    # Schematic dimensions float in billboarded viewport space, not aligned to
+    # real-world geometry. Snapping the dragged tip to scene vertices would
+    # produce nonsensical value jumps as the mouse crosses unrelated meshes.
+    snap_enabled_on_dimensions: bool = False
+
     # Declarative dimension configuration consumed by ``setup_schematic_dimensions``
     # and ``update_schematic_dimensions``. Each config produces one
     # ``BIM_GT_gizmo_dimension`` instance positioned at a schematic-local

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/drawing/handler.py

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ def set_active_camera_resolution(scene: bpy.types.Scene) -> None:
     if camera.type != props.camera_type:
         camera.type = props.camera_type
 
+    if props.update_props and (drawing := tool.Ifc.get_entity(camera_obj)):
+        tool.Drawing.sync_perspective_camera_shifts(drawing, camera)
+
     ortho_scale, aspect_ratio = props.get_scale_and_aspect_ratio()
     scene_render = scene.render
     if (camera.ortho_scale != ortho_scale) or not tool.Cad.is_x(

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/drawing/operator.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ import shapely
 from bpy_extras.image_utils import load_image
 from bpy_extras.io_utils import ImportHelper
 from lxml import etree
-from mathutils import Color, Vector
+from mathutils import Color, Matrix, Vector
 
 import bonsai.bim.export_ifc
 import bonsai.bim.handler
@@ -602,6 +602,7 @@ class CreateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator):
         context_type: Literal["body", "annotation"],
         drawing_elements: set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance],
         target_view: str,
+        link_matrix: Optional[Matrix] = None,
     ) -> None:
         drawing_elements = drawing_elements.copy()
         contexts_: list[list[int]] = getattr(contexts, context_type)
@@ -613,9 +614,19 @@ class CreateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator):
                 geom_settings.set("dimensionality", ifcopenshell.ifcopenshell_wrapper.CURVES_SURFACES_AND_SOLIDS)
                 geom_settings.set("iterator-output", ifcopenshell.ifcopenshell_wrapper.NATIVE)
 
-                if ifc.by_id(context[0]).ContextType == "Plan" and "PLAN_VIEW" in target_view:
+                is_plan = ifc.by_id(context[0]).ContextType == "Plan" and "PLAN_VIEW" in target_view
+                z_offset = (0.002 if target_view == "PLAN_VIEW" else -0.002) if is_plan else 0.0
+
+                if link_matrix is not None:
+                    unit_scale = ifcopenshell.util.unit.calculate_unit_scale(ifc)
+                    t = link_matrix.to_translation()
+                    offset = (t.x / unit_scale, t.y / unit_scale, t.z / unit_scale + z_offset)
+                    geom_settings.set("model-offset", offset)
+                    q = link_matrix.to_quaternion()
+                    geom_settings.set("model-rotation", (q.x, q.y, q.z, q.w))
+                elif z_offset:
                     # A 2mm Z offset to combat Z-fighting in plan or RCPs
-                    geom_settings.set("model-offset", (0.0, 0.0, 0.002 if target_view == "PLAN_VIEW" else -0.002))
+                    geom_settings.set("model-offset", (0.0, 0.0, z_offset))
 
                 geom_settings.set("context-ids", context)
                 it = ifcopenshell.geom.iterator(
@@ -923,11 +934,16 @@ class CreateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator):
 
         bim_props = tool.Blender.get_bim_props()
         prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
-        files = {bim_props.ifc_file: tool.Ifc.get()}
+        # Map ifc_path → (ifc_file, link_matrix); main file has no link_matrix (None)
+        files: dict[str, tuple[ifcopenshell.file, Optional[Matrix]]] = {bim_props.ifc_file: (tool.Ifc.get(), None)}
 
         props = tool.Project.get_project_props()
         for link in props.get_loaded_links_for_drawings():
-            files[link.filepath] = self.get_linked_file(link)
+            try:
+                link_matrix = tool.Project.calculate_link_matrix(link)
+            except Exception:
+                link_matrix = None
+            files[link.filepath] = (self.get_linked_file(link), link_matrix)
 
         target_view = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_psets(self.camera_element)["EPset_Drawing"]["TargetView"]
         self.setup_serialiser(target_view)
@@ -935,7 +951,13 @@ class CreateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator):
         tree = ifcopenshell.geom.tree()
         tree.enable_face_styles(True)
 
-        for ifc_path, ifc in files.items():
+        # Accumulated across every file in the loop below (main model plus any
+        # linked models) so the SHAPELY fill pass after the loop covers all of
+        # them, not just whichever file happened to be processed last.
+        raycast_objs = set()
+        elements_with_faces = set()
+
+        for ifc_path, (ifc, link_matrix) in files.items():
             # Don't use draw.main() just whilst we're prototyping and experimenting
             # TODO: hash paths are never used
             ifc_hash = hashlib.md5(ifc_path.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
@@ -944,13 +966,24 @@ class CreateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator):
             self.serialiser.setFile(ifc)
             drawing_elements = tool.Drawing.get_drawing_elements(self.camera_element, ifc_file=ifc)
 
+            if self.cprops.fill_mode == "SHAPELY":
+                for element in drawing_elements.copy():
+                    if element.is_a("IfcAnnotation"):
+                        continue
+                    obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
+                    if obj and obj.type == "MESH" and len(obj.data.polygons):
+                        elements_with_faces.add(element.GlobalId)
+                        raycast_objs.add(obj)
+
             # Get all representation contexts to see what we're dealing with.
             # Drawings only draw bodies and annotations (and facetation, due to a Revit bug).
             # A drawing prioritises a target view context first, followed by a model view context as a fallback.
             # Specifically for PLAN_VIEW and REFLECTED_PLAN_VIEW, any Plan context is also prioritised.
             contexts = self.get_linework_contexts(ifc, target_view)
-            self.serialize_contexts_elements(ifc, tree, contexts, "body", drawing_elements, target_view)
-            self.serialize_contexts_elements(ifc, tree, contexts, "annotation", drawing_elements, target_view)
+            self.serialize_contexts_elements(ifc, tree, contexts, "body", drawing_elements, target_view, link_matrix)
+            self.serialize_contexts_elements(
+                ifc, tree, contexts, "annotation", drawing_elements, target_view, link_matrix
+            )
 
             if tool.Ifc.get() == ifc and self.camera_element not in drawing_elements:
                 with profile("Camera element"):
@@ -1017,16 +1050,6 @@ class CreateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator):
             # shapely variant
             group = root.find("{http://www.w3.org/2000/svg}g")
 
-            raycast_objs = set()
-            elements_with_faces = set()
-            for element in drawing_elements.copy():
-                if element.is_a("IfcAnnotation"):
-                    continue
-                obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
-                if obj and obj.type == "MESH" and len(obj.data.polygons):
-                    elements_with_faces.add(element.GlobalId)
-                    raycast_objs.add(obj)
-
             projections = root.xpath(
                 ".//svg:g[contains(@class, 'projection')]", namespaces={"svg": "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}
             )
@@ -2319,7 +2342,10 @@ class ActivateDrawingBase(tool.Ifc.Operator):
     bl_description = (
         "Activates the selected drawing view.\n\n"
         + "ALT+CLICK to keep the viewport position.\n\n"
-        + "SHIFT+CLICK to load a quick preview of the drawing view"
+        + "SHIFT+CLICK to load a quick preview of the drawing view.\n\n"
+        + "SHIFT+CTRL+CLICK to load the annotations of all selected drawings without switching views, "
+        + "then select their cameras (the first selected drawing's camera becomes active).\n\n"
+        + "SHIFT+CTRL+ALT+CLICK to do the same but also select the annotations, not just the cameras"
     )
 
     drawing: bpy.props.IntProperty()
@@ -2335,13 +2361,32 @@ class ActivateDrawingBase(tool.Ifc.Operator):
         default=False,
         options={"SKIP_SAVE"},
     )
+    load_selected_annotations: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Load Selected Annotations",
+        description="Load the annotations of all selected drawings without switching the active view.",
+        default=False,
+        options={"SKIP_SAVE"},
+    )
+    include_annotations_in_selection: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Include Annotations In Selection",
+        description="Also select the loaded annotation objects, not just the drawing cameras.",
+        default=False,
+        options={"SKIP_SAVE"},
+    )
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         drawing: int
         should_view_from_camera: bool
         use_quick_preview: bool
+        load_selected_annotations: bool
+        include_annotations_in_selection: bool
 
     def invoke(self, context, event) -> set["rna_enums.OperatorReturnItems"]:
+        if event.type == "LEFTMOUSE" and event.shift and event.ctrl:
+            self.load_selected_annotations = True
+            if event.alt:
+                self.include_annotations_in_selection = True
+            return self.execute(context)
         if event.type == "LEFTMOUSE" and event.alt:
             self.should_view_from_camera = False
         if event.type == "LEFTMOUSE" and event.shift:
@@ -2354,6 +2399,37 @@ class ActivateDrawingBase(tool.Ifc.Operator):
         if props.is_editing_drawings == False:
             bpy.ops.bim.load_drawings()
 
+        if self.load_selected_annotations:
+            objs_to_select = []
+            active_camera = None
+            for d in props.drawings:
+                if not (d.is_drawing and d.is_selected):
+                    continue
+                selected_drawing = tool.Ifc.get().by_id(d.ifc_definition_id)
+                # Importing the camera (if missing) ensures the drawing's
+                # collection exists so the annotations get collected into it.
+                if not (camera := tool.Ifc.get_object(selected_drawing)):
+                    camera = tool.Drawing.import_drawing(selected_drawing)
+                group = tool.Drawing.get_drawing_group(selected_drawing)
+                tool.Drawing.import_annotations_in_group(group)
+
+                if active_camera is None:
+                    active_camera = camera
+                objs_to_select.append(camera)
+                if self.include_annotations_in_selection:
+                    for element in tool.Drawing.get_group_elements(group) or []:
+                        if element.is_a("IfcAnnotation") and element.ObjectType != "DRAWING":
+                            if annotation_obj := tool.Ifc.get_object(element):
+                                objs_to_select.append(annotation_obj)
+
+            # Select the checked drawings' objects, with the first drawing's camera as active.
+            bpy.ops.object.select_all(action="DESELECT")
+            for obj in objs_to_select:
+                obj.select_set(True)
+            if active_camera is not None:
+                context.view_layer.objects.active = active_camera
+            return {"FINISHED"}
+
         drawing = tool.Ifc.get().by_id(self.drawing)
         dprops = tool.Drawing.get_document_props()
 
@@ -2439,7 +2515,10 @@ class ActivateDrawing(bpy.types.Operator, ActivateDrawingBase):
     bl_description = (
         "Activates the selected drawing view.\n\n"
         + "ALT+CLICK to keep the viewport position.\n\n"
-        + "SHIFT+CLICK to load a quick preview of the drawing view"
+        + "SHIFT+CLICK to load a quick preview of the drawing view.\n\n"
+        + "SHIFT+CTRL+CLICK to load the annotations of all selected drawings without switching views, "
+        + "then select their cameras (the first selected drawing's camera becomes active).\n\n"
+        + "SHIFT+CTRL+ALT+CLICK to do the same but also select the annotations, not just the cameras"
     )
 
 

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/drawing/prop.py

@@ -604,6 +604,7 @@ class BIMCameraProperties(PropertyGroup):
         return tool.Blender.get_active_uilist_element(dprops.drawing_styles, self.active_drawing_style_index)
 
     # For now, this JSON dump are all the parameters that determine a camera's "Block representation"
+    # Perspective camera shift is stored in EPset_Drawing and intentionally excluded here.
     # By checking this, you will know whether or not the camera IFC representation needs to be refreshed
     def update_representation(self, matrix_world: Matrix) -> bool:
         """Update ``representation`` based on current camera properties and the provided world matrix.

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/drawing/ui.py

@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ class BIM_PT_camera(Panel):
         if props.target_view == "MODEL_VIEW":
             row = self.layout.row()
             row.prop(props, "camera_type")
+            if props.camera_type == "PERSP":
+                row = self.layout.row(align=True)
+                row.prop(camera_data, "shift_x", text="Camera Shift X/Y:")
+                row.prop(camera_data, "shift_y", text="")
 
         row = self.layout.row()
         row.prop(props, "linework_mode")

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/geometry/decorator.py

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-
 import blf
 import bpy
 import gpu
@@ -25,15 +23,16 @@ import ifcopenshell
 import numpy as np
 from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras.view3d_utils import location_3d_to_region_2d
-from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 
 
-class ItemDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
+class ItemDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
     objs: dict[str, dict[str, list]]
     obj_is_selected: dict[str, bool]
     obj_is_boolean: dict[str, list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]]
@@ -119,23 +118,6 @@ class ItemDecorator:
             "special_edges": special_edges,
         }
 
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
-
     def draw_text(self, context):
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
         selected_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_selected
@@ -163,11 +145,6 @@ class ItemDecorator:
         blf.disable(font_id, blf.SHADOW)
 
     def draw(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
-        def transparent_color(color: Sequence[float], alpha: float = 0.05) -> list[float]:
-            color = [i for i in color]
-            color[3] = alpha
-            return color
-
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
         selected_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_selected
         unselected_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_unselected
@@ -197,15 +174,33 @@ class ItemDecorator:
                     if context.mode != "OBJECT":
                         continue
                     self.draw_batch("LINES", data["verts"], selected_elements_color, data["edges"])
-                    self.draw_batch("TRIS", data["verts"], transparent_color(selected_elements_color), data["tris"])
+                    self.draw_batch(
+                        "TRIS",
+                        data["verts"],
+                        tool.Blender.transparent_color(selected_elements_color, alpha=0.05),
+                        data["tris"],
+                    )
                     self.draw_batch("LINES", data["special_verts"], selected_elements_color, data["special_edges"])
                 elif self.obj_is_boolean[obj_name]:
                     self.draw_batch("LINES", data["verts"], special_elements_color, data["edges"])
-                    self.draw_batch("TRIS", data["verts"], transparent_color(special_elements_color), data["tris"])
+                    self.draw_batch(
+                        "TRIS",
+                        data["verts"],
+                        tool.Blender.transparent_color(special_elements_color, alpha=0.05),
+                        data["tris"],
+                    )
                     self.draw_batch("LINES", data["special_verts"], special_elements_color, data["special_edges"])
                 else:
                     self.draw_batch(
-                        "LINES", data["verts"], transparent_color(unselected_elements_color, alpha=0.2), data["edges"]
+                        "LINES",
+                        data["verts"],
+                        tool.Blender.transparent_color(unselected_elements_color, alpha=0.2),
+                        data["edges"],
+                    )
+                    self.draw_batch(
+                        "TRIS",
+                        data["verts"],
+                        tool.Blender.transparent_color(special_elements_color, alpha=0.05),
+                        data["tris"],
                     )
-                    self.draw_batch("TRIS", data["verts"], transparent_color(special_elements_color), data["tris"])
                     self.draw_batch("LINES", data["special_verts"], special_elements_color, data["special_edges"])

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/geometry/operator.py

@@ -890,6 +890,16 @@ class OverrideDelete(bpy.types.Operator):
         # Track aggregates before deleting their parts
         aggregates_to_check = self.track_aggregates(objects_to_remove)
 
+        # Snapshot the set of IFC entity ids being deleted in this batch so the
+        # connection-rel cascade inside `delete_ifc_object` can suppress
+        # partner-side regenerate when the partner is also about to vanish.
+        batch_being_deleted_ids: set[int] = set()
+        for obj in objects_to_remove:
+            if not tool.Blender.is_valid_data_block(obj):
+                continue
+            if (entity := tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)) is not None:
+                batch_being_deleted_ids.add(entity.id())
+
         clear_active_object = True
 
         for i, obj in enumerate(objects_to_remove, 1):
@@ -931,7 +941,7 @@ class OverrideDelete(bpy.types.Operator):
                 if tool.Drawing.is_auto_annotation(element):
                     self.report({"INFO"}, "References cannot be deleted. Exclude the referenced element instead.")
                     continue
-                tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(obj)
+                tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(obj, batch_being_deleted_ids=batch_being_deleted_ids)
             elif tool.Geometry.is_representation_item(obj):
                 tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_item(obj)
             else:
@@ -1030,7 +1040,10 @@ class OverrideDelete(bpy.types.Operator):
             pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(element, "BBIM_Array")
             if not pset:
                 continue
-            array_parents.add(ifc_file.by_guid(pset["Parent"]))
+            try:
+                array_parents.add(ifc_file.by_guid(pset["Parent"]))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                continue
 
         for array_parent in array_parents:
             array_parent_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(array_parent)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/geometry/ui.py

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 # along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import bpy
+import ifcopenshell.util.unit
 from bpy.types import Menu, Panel, UIList
 
-import ifcopenshell.util.unit
 import bonsai.bim
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.helper import prop_with_search

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/georeference/decorator.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from math import radians
 import blf
 import gpu
 import ifcopenshell.util.geolocation
-from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras.view3d_utils import location_3d_to_region_2d
 from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
@@ -30,27 +29,11 @@ import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.module.georeference.data import GeoreferenceData
 
 
-class GeoreferenceDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_text, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL"))
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_geometry, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
+class GeoreferenceDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw_geometry", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None, should_scale=True):
         if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
@@ -197,6 +180,10 @@ class GeoreferenceDecorator:
         decorator_color_error = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_error
 
         gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
+        # The georef gizmo is a coordinate-system overlay: it must communicate
+        # orientation regardless of model contents, so depth testing is bypassed.
+        original_depth_test = gpu.state.depth_test_get()
+        gpu.state.depth_test_set("ALWAYS")
 
         self.line_shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("POLYLINE_UNIFORM_COLOR")
         self.line_shader.bind()  # required to be able to change uniforms of the shader
@@ -335,6 +322,8 @@ class GeoreferenceDecorator:
                 self.draw_batch("LINES", verts, decorator_color_special, edges)
                 self.draw_dashed_line(location * 3, location * 6, decorator_color_error)
 
+        gpu.state.depth_test_set(original_depth_test)
+
     def draw_dashed_line(self, start, end, colour, should_scale=True):
         direction = (end - start).normalized()
         distance = (end - start).length

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/light/decorator.py

@@ -20,44 +20,18 @@
 import blf
 import bpy
 import gpu
-from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras.view3d_utils import location_3d_to_region_2d
-from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.module.light.data import SolarData
 
 
-class SolarDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_text, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL"))
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_geometry, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class SolarDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw_geometry", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_text(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/__init__.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import bonsai.tool as tool
 from . import (
     array,
     covering,
+    decorator,
     door,
     external,
     grid,
@@ -110,6 +111,9 @@ classes = (
     wall.GizmoWallFilletPreview,
     wall.GizmoWallFilletReedit,
     wall.GizmoWallFilletToggleOpenings,
+    wall.GizmoPairDisconnect,
+    wall.GizmoSlabEdition,
+    wall.GizmoSlabUnjoinWalls,
     wall.GizmoWallJoinIntersection,
     wall.GizmoWallLinkToggle,
     wall.GizmoWallUnjoinSingle,
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ classes = (
     wall.RotateWall90,
     wall.SplitWall,
     wall.SplitWallAtCursor,
-    wall.UnjoinWallPathConnection,
+    wall.DisconnectElements,
     wall.UnjoinWalls,
     wall.EnableWallFilletPreview,
     wall.FinishWallFilletPreview,
@@ -154,11 +158,14 @@ classes = (
     slab.DisableEditingExtrusionProfile,
     slab.DisableEditingSketchExtrusionProfile,
     slab.AddSlabFromWall,
+    slab.CancelEditingSlab,
     slab.DrawPolylineSlab,
     slab.EditExtrusionProfile,
     slab.EditSketchExtrusionProfile,
     slab.EnableEditingExtrusionProfile,
     slab.EnableEditingSketchExtrusionProfile,
+    slab.EnableEditingSlab,
+    slab.FinishEditingSlab,
     slab.RecalculateSlab,
     slab.ResetVertex,
     slab.SetArcIndex,
@@ -185,6 +192,7 @@ classes = (
     prop.BIMDoorProperties,
     prop.BIMRailingProperties,
     prop.BIMRoofProperties,
+    prop.BIMSlabProperties,
     prop.BIMWallProperties,
     prop.BIMPipeSegmentProperties,
     prop.BIMDuctSegmentProperties,
@@ -246,9 +254,13 @@ classes = (
     railing.CopyRailingParameters,
     railing.AddRailing,
     railing.CancelEditingRailing,
+    railing.CycleRailingType,
     railing.FinishEditingRailing,
+    railing.PickRailingTerminalType,
     railing.FlipRailingPathOrder,
     railing.EnableEditingRailing,
+    railing.GizmoRailingSchematic,
+    railing.ToggleRailingUseManualSupports,
     railing.CancelEditingRailingPath,
     railing.FinishEditingRailingPath,
     railing.EnableEditingRailingPath,
@@ -269,9 +281,7 @@ classes = (
     mep.MEPAddObstruction,
     mep.MEPAddTransition,
     mep.MEPAddBend,
-    mep.MEPUnjoinAtPort,
     mep.MEPRemoveTerminalFitting,
-    mep.MEPUnjoinPair,
     mep.SelectMEPPathMembers,
     mep.MEPJoinSegments,
     mep_bend_preview.EnableBendPreview,
@@ -368,6 +378,11 @@ def unregister():
     # half-unloaded module state.
     opening.DecorationsHandler.uninstall()
 
+    # Network path overlays attach SpaceView3D draw handlers on toggle;
+    # uninstall here so addon disable / Blender shutdown doesn't leak them.
+    decorator.MEPSystemPathDecorator.uninstall()
+    decorator.WallSystemPathDecorator.uninstall()
+
     if not bpy.app.background:
         for tool_data in reversed(tools):
             bpy.utils.unregister_tool(tool_data.tool)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/array.py

@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ class _ArrayEditMixin(ParametricEditMixinBase):
         # Unhide the (possibly newly-regenerated) children so the user sees
         # the committed result. Mirrors the hide in ``_enable_one``.
         cls._set_children_visibility(element, hidden=False)
+        tool.Array.select_only_parent(obj, context)
 
     @classmethod
     def _cancel_one(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
@@ -421,18 +422,28 @@ class RegenerateArray(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(parent_element, "BBIM_Array")
         arrays = json.loads(pset["Data"])
         pset = tool.Ifc.get().by_id(pset["id"])
-        for array in arrays:
-            for child in set(array["children"]):
-                if child_obj := tool.Ifc.get_object(tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(child)):
-                    tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(child_obj)
-            array["children"].clear()
-        # Always operate on the parent — this operator can be invoked with
-        # either the parent OR any array child as active_object (the per-child
-        # gizmo group fires it from a child selection). Using ``obj`` /
-        # ``element`` directly would feed a child to ``regenerate_array`` and
-        # constrain children against a sibling, silently corrupting the array.
-        tool.Model.regenerate_array(parent, arrays)
-        tool.Array.constrain_children_to_parent(parent_element)
+        # Coalesce host recuts across the child-delete loop, the regenerate,
+        # and the per-child opening mirror: each fans out its own host body
+        # recut without the batch wrapper.
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            for array in arrays:
+                for child in set(array["children"]):
+                    try:
+                        child_element = tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(child)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        continue
+                    if child_obj := tool.Ifc.get_object(child_element):
+                        tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(child_obj)
+                array["children"].clear()
+            # Always operate on the parent — this operator can be invoked with
+            # either the parent OR any array child as active_object (the per-child
+            # gizmo group fires it from a child selection). Using ``obj`` /
+            # ``element`` directly would feed a child to ``regenerate_array`` and
+            # constrain children against a sibling, silently corrupting the array.
+            tool.Model.regenerate_array(parent, arrays)
+            tool.Array.constrain_children_to_parent(parent_element)
+
+        tool.Array.select_only_parent(parent, context)
 
 
 class RemoveArray(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
@@ -467,23 +478,24 @@ class RemoveArray(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         except:
             return {"FINISHED"}
 
-        if self.keep_objs:
-            tool.Array.bake_children_transform(element, self.item)
-            tool.Array.set_children_lock_state(element, self.item, False)
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            if self.keep_objs:
+                tool.Array.bake_children_transform(element, self.item)
+                tool.Array.set_children_lock_state(element, self.item, False)
 
-        if not self.keep_objs:
-            data[self.item]["count"] = 1
-        tool.Array.remove_constraints(parent_element)
-        tool.Model.regenerate_array(parent, data, array_layers_to_apply=[self.item] if self.keep_objs else [])
+            if not self.keep_objs:
+                data[self.item]["count"] = 1
+            tool.Array.remove_constraints(parent_element)
+            tool.Model.regenerate_array(parent, data, array_layers_to_apply=[self.item] if self.keep_objs else [])
 
-        pset = tool.Pset.get_element_pset(element, "BBIM_Array")
-        if len(data) == 1:
-            ifcopenshell.api.pset.remove_pset(tool.Ifc.get(), product=element, pset=pset)
-        else:
-            del data[self.item]
-            data = tool.Ifc.get().createIfcText(json.dumps(data))
-            ifcopenshell.api.pset.edit_pset(tool.Ifc.get(), pset=pset, properties={"Data": data})
-            tool.Array.constrain_children_to_parent(element)
+            pset = tool.Pset.get_element_pset(element, "BBIM_Array")
+            if len(data) == 1:
+                ifcopenshell.api.pset.remove_pset(tool.Ifc.get(), product=element, pset=pset)
+            else:
+                del data[self.item]
+                data = tool.Ifc.get().createIfcText(json.dumps(data))
+                ifcopenshell.api.pset.edit_pset(tool.Ifc.get(), pset=pset, properties={"Data": data})
+                tool.Array.constrain_children_to_parent(element)
 
 
 class SelectArrayParent(bpy.types.Operator):

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/data.py

@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ class AuthoringData:
 
     @classmethod
     def load(cls, ifc_element_type: Optional[str] = None):
+        # ``is_loaded`` is set first as a recursion guard: one of the data
+        # computations evaluates a PropertyGroup enum's ``items`` callback,
+        # which re-enters this method. Without the guard, load recurses to
+        # RecursionError.
         cls.is_loaded = True
         cls.props = tool.Model.get_model_props()
         cls.data["default_container"] = cls.default_container()

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/decorator.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from math import cos, pi, radians, sin, tan
 from typing import Any, Literal, NamedTuple
 
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ from mathutils import Matrix, Quaternion, Vector
 
 import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.tool as tool
+from bonsai.bim.decorator_cache import TokenCache
 from bonsai.bim.module.drawing.gizmos import (
     ARC_SEGMENTS,
     DOOR_SWING_ANGLE_MAX,
@@ -51,17 +53,46 @@ from bonsai.bim.module.drawing.gizmos import (
 from bonsai.bim.module.drawing.helper import format_distance
 
 
-def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-    color = [i for i in color]
-    color[3] = alpha
-    return color
-
-
 def highlight_color(color, alpha=0.1):
     color = [i + (1 - i) * 0.5 for i in color]
     return color
 
 
+def _stroke_lines_alpha(
+    context: bpy.types.Context,
+    segments: list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+    color_rgb: tuple[float, float, float],
+    line_width: float,
+    line_alpha: float,
+) -> None:
+    """Render ``segments`` (a list of (start, end) tuples) as one anti-aliased
+    LINES batch in world space. Early-returns when ``context.region`` is
+    unavailable (e.g. when called from a ``_RestrictContext``)."""
+    if not segments:
+        return
+    verts: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+    indices: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+    for start, end in segments:
+        base = len(verts)
+        verts.append(tuple(start))
+        verts.append(tuple(end))
+        indices.append((base, base + 1))
+    if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(verts, indices):
+        return
+    region = getattr(context, "region", None)
+    if region is None:
+        return
+    shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("POLYLINE_UNIFORM_COLOR")
+    shader.bind()
+    shader.uniform_float("viewportSize", (region.width, region.height))
+    shader.uniform_float("lineWidth", line_width)
+    shader.uniform_float("color", (*color_rgb, line_alpha))
+    batch = batch_for_shader(shader, "LINES", {"pos": verts}, indices=indices)
+    gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
+    batch.draw(shader)
+    gpu.state.blend_set("NONE")
+
+
 class ProfileDecorator:
     installed = None
 
@@ -96,7 +127,7 @@ class ProfileDecorator:
 
     def draw_faces(self, bm, vertices_coords):
         """Submit a non-mutating beauty-triangulated TRIS batch over ``bm``'s faces."""
-        faces_color = transparent_color(self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special)
+        faces_color = tool.Blender.transparent_color(self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special)
         tool.Blender.draw_bmesh_face_tris(bm, vertices_coords, faces_color, self.draw_batch)
 
     def __call__(self, context, get_custom_bmesh=None, draw_faces=False, exit_edit_mode_callback=None):
@@ -226,7 +257,7 @@ class ProfileDecorator:
         self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, unselected_elements_color, unselected_edges)
         self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, selected_elements_color, selected_edges)
 
-        self.draw_batch("POINTS", unselected_vertices, transparent_color(unselected_elements_color, 0.5))
+        self.draw_batch("POINTS", unselected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(unselected_elements_color, 0.5))
         self.draw_batch("POINTS", error_vertices, error_elements_color)
         self.draw_batch("POINTS", special_vertices, special_elements_color)
         self.draw_batch("POINTS", selected_vertices, selected_elements_color)
@@ -317,9 +348,11 @@ class ProfileDecorator:
         return points, listEdg
 
 
-class PolylineDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
+class PolylineDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    # draw_methods declares only the always-bound handler so the base's
+    # __init_subclass__ validation passes; the override install below
+    # conditionally registers up to four more handlers based on ui_only.
+    draw_methods = (("draw_input_ui", "POST_PIXEL"),)
     event = None
     input_type = None
     input_ui = None
@@ -355,15 +388,6 @@ class PolylineDecorator:
             cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
         cls.is_installed = True
 
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
     @classmethod
     def update(
         cls,
@@ -422,14 +446,6 @@ class PolylineDecorator:
 
         return {"verts": verts, "edges": edges, "tris": tris}
 
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
-
     def shader_config(self, context):
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
         self.decorator_color = self.addon_prefs.decorations_colour
@@ -697,7 +713,9 @@ class PolylineDecorator:
             if self.polyline_data.measurement_type == "POLY_AREA" and area:
                 if float(area) > 0:
                     tris = self.calculate_polygon(polyline_verts)["tris"]
-                    self.draw_batch("TRIS", polyline_verts, transparent_color(self.decorator_color_special), tris)
+                    self.draw_batch(
+                        "TRIS", polyline_verts, tool.Blender.transparent_color(self.decorator_color_special), tris
+                    )
 
         # Draw polyline with selected points
         self.line_shader.uniform_float("lineWidth", 2.0)
@@ -950,9 +968,8 @@ class PolylineDecorator:
             self.draw_batch("LINES", polyline_verts, decorator_color_unselected, polyline_edges)
 
 
-class ProductDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
+class ProductDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_method = "draw_product_preview"
     preview_mode: Literal["PROFILE_VERTICAL", "PROFILE_HORIZONTAL", "LAYER2", "LAYER3", "GENERIC"]
     relating_type = None
     obj_data: dict[str, list] = {}
@@ -995,29 +1012,7 @@ class ProductDecorator:
         )
         cls.is_installed = True
 
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
-
     def draw_product_preview(self, context):
-        def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-            color = [i for i in color]
-            color[3] = alpha
-            return color
-
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
         self.line_shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("POLYLINE_UNIFORM_COLOR")
         self.line_shader.bind()  # required to be able to change uniforms of the shader
@@ -1049,7 +1044,7 @@ class ProductDecorator:
             data = self.get_generic_preview_data()
         if data:
             self.draw_batch("LINES", data["verts"], decorator_color, data["edges"])
-            self.draw_batch("TRIS", data["verts"], transparent_color(decorator_color), data["tris"])
+            self.draw_batch("TRIS", data["verts"], tool.Blender.transparent_color(decorator_color), data["tris"])
 
     def get_wall_preview_data(self):
         relating_type = self.relating_type
@@ -1582,34 +1577,8 @@ class ProductDecorator:
         return data
 
 
-class WallAxisDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_wall_axis, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class WallAxisDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_method = "draw_wall_axis"
 
     def draw_wall_axis(self, context):
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
@@ -1628,7 +1597,7 @@ class WallAxisDecorator:
         self.line_shader.uniform_float("lineWidth", 2.0)
         for obj in context.selected_objects:
             element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
-            if element.is_a("IfcWall"):
+            if element and element.is_a("IfcWall"):
                 layers = tool.Model.get_material_layer_parameters(element)
                 axis = tool.Model.get_wall_axis(obj, layers)
                 side = [tuple(list(v) + [obj.location.z]) for v in axis["side"]]
@@ -1648,34 +1617,8 @@ class WallAxisDecorator:
                 self.draw_batch("LINES", arrow, unselected_elements_color, [(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3)])
 
 
-class SlabDirectionDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_wall_axis, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class SlabDirectionDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_method = "draw_wall_axis"
 
     def draw_wall_axis(self, context):
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
@@ -1705,41 +1648,10 @@ class SlabDirectionDecorator:
             self.draw_batch("LINES", base, selected_elements_color, [(0, 1)])
 
 
-class FaceAreaDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_face_area, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class FaceAreaDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_method = "draw_face_area"
 
     def draw_face_area(self, context):
-        def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-            color = [i for i in color]
-            color[3] = alpha
-            return color
-
         self.addon_prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
         self.line_shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("POLYLINE_UNIFORM_COLOR")
         self.line_shader.bind()  # required to be able to change uniforms of the shader
@@ -1760,12 +1672,16 @@ class FaceAreaDecorator:
             if data:
                 self.draw_batch("POINTS", data["verts"], decorator_color)
                 self.draw_batch("LINES", data["verts"], decorator_color, data["edges"])
-                self.draw_batch("TRIS", data["verts"], transparent_color(decorator_color, alpha=0.5), data["tris"])
+                self.draw_batch(
+                    "TRIS", data["verts"], tool.Blender.transparent_color(decorator_color, alpha=0.5), data["tris"]
+                )
 
 
-class BoundingBoxDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
+class BoundingBoxDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_bounding_box_wire_cube", "POST_VIEW"),
+        ("draw_dimension_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+    )
 
     def __init__(self):
         context = bpy.context
@@ -1776,31 +1692,6 @@ class BoundingBoxDecorator:
         self.decorator_color_wire = (*theme.view_3d.bone_solid, 1)
         self.decorator_color_special = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences().decorator_color_special
 
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(
-            bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(
-                handler.draw_bounding_box_wire_cube, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"
-            )
-        )
-        cls.handlers.append(
-            bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_dimension_text, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL")
-        )
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                bpy.types.SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-        cls.handlers.clear()
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
     @staticmethod
     def get_combined_bounding_box_corners(objects):
 
@@ -1873,14 +1764,6 @@ class BoundingBoxDecorator:
         ]
         return trihedron[best_origin]
 
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
-
     def draw_text_background(self, context, coords_dim, text_dim):
         padding = 5
         theme = context.preferences.themes.items()[0][1]
@@ -2032,46 +1915,6 @@ class BoundingBoxDecorator:
                             co2.y -= y_overlap / 2 + min_spacing
 
 
-def _fill_quads_alpha(
-    context: bpy.types.Context,
-    quads: list[
-        tuple[
-            tuple[float, float, float],
-            tuple[float, float, float],
-            tuple[float, float, float],
-            tuple[float, float, float],
-        ]
-    ],
-    color_rgb: tuple[float, float, float],
-    alpha: float,
-) -> None:
-    """Render ``quads`` (each a 4-tuple of world-space corner verts in CCW
-    order) as one TRIS batch with two triangles per quad."""
-    if not quads:
-        return
-    verts: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
-    indices: list[tuple[int, int, int]] = []
-    for quad in quads:
-        if len(quad) != 4:
-            continue
-        base = len(verts)
-        verts.extend(tuple(v) for v in quad)
-        indices.append((base, base + 1, base + 2))
-        indices.append((base, base + 2, base + 3))
-    if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(verts, indices):
-        return
-    region = getattr(context, "region", None)
-    if region is None:
-        return
-    shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("UNIFORM_COLOR")
-    shader.bind()
-    shader.uniform_float("color", (*color_rgb, alpha))
-    batch = batch_for_shader(shader, "TRIS", {"pos": verts}, indices=indices)
-    gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
-    batch.draw(shader)
-    gpu.state.blend_set("NONE")
-
-
 def compute_mep_join_location():
     """Midpoint between the closest endpoint pair of two selected MEP
     segments — the world location where a connecting fitting (bend /
@@ -2529,3 +2372,481 @@ def draw_polyline_segments(
 
 _BBOX_HIGHLIGHT_LINE_WIDTH = 1.8
 _BBOX_HIGHLIGHT_LINE_ALPHA = 0.8
+
+
+class _ConnectedNetworkPathDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    """Shared scaffolding for "BFS-walk a connected IFC network from a selected
+    seed and overlay its schematic path" viewport decorators.
+
+    Subclasses implement three hooks:
+
+        ``_is_seed_element(element)``: True if ``element`` can seed a walk
+        ``_walk(start_element)``: list of network elements reachable from the seed
+        ``_build_geometry(connected)``: ``(lines, free_points, connection_points)``
+          for one walk pass; free dots render in the base selected color,
+          connection dots in the "special" slot so junctions stand out
+
+    Lifecycle each redraw: gate on ``BIMModelProperties.show_paths`` (the
+    shared toggle for all network-path overlays), find the first selected
+    seed element, walk the network (cached per seed-GUID per IFC file), and
+    render lines + connection-node dots. Geometry is memoised through a
+    ``TokenCache`` keyed on the decorator-cache token, so depsgraph / undo /
+    redo / load all invalidate the resolved world-space pass without
+    re-walking.
+
+    Install / uninstall is driven by the central addon-load handler and
+    by the toggle's ``update`` callback, so flipping the property takes
+    effect immediately without a Blender restart."""
+
+    # Network-path lines + junction dots render in ``decorator_color_selected``
+    # (Bonsai's palette slot for "what the user is currently inspecting"); free
+    # endpoints (dangling chain tips) switch to ``decorator_color_special`` so
+    # the end of the line stands apart from interior junctions at a glance.
+    LINE_WIDTH = 1.3
+    LINE_ALPHA = 0.85
+    # Sized larger than LINE_WIDTH so connection nodes read as discrete
+    # points rather than line thickenings.
+    DOT_SIZE = 4.0
+    # Squared distance under which two emitted dots are treated as the same
+    # connection node. In Blender units (typically meters), 1e-4 m ≈ 0.1 mm
+    # — below the precision at which two IFC reference-line endpoints would
+    # ever be authored as "the same join" but not so tight that float drift
+    # from coordinate composition misses a real coincidence.
+    CONNECTION_EPS_SQ = 1e-4 * 1e-4
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Walk cache keyed on (start_guid, ifc_file, geom_gen). Stores STEP
+        # integer ids rather than ``entity_instance`` references — re-resolved
+        # via ``ifc_file.by_id`` on each cache hit. Structurally rules out
+        # the dangling-SWIG-handle class of bug: an entity removed between
+        # frames either bumps geom_gen (cache miss → re-walk) or fails to
+        # re-resolve (handled below by re-walking). Compare ``ifc_file`` with
+        # ``is`` (not id()) so a GC-recycled id() can't produce a false hit.
+        self._cached_start_guid: str | None = None
+        self._cached_ifc_file: Any = None
+        self._cached_geom_gen: int = -1
+        self._cached_walk_ids: list[int] = []
+        # Geometry cache: shared TokenCache. Key folds in geom_gen so IFC
+        # mutations that don't surface via the depsgraph still flush the
+        # resolved world-space lines and dots.
+        self._geom_cache: TokenCache[
+            tuple[
+                list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+                list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+                list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+            ]
+        ] = TokenCache()
+        # One-shot guards so a corrupted walk or build surfaces in the console
+        # once per decorator instance instead of every redraw.
+        self._walk_failure_logged: bool = False
+        self._build_failure_logged: bool = False
+        # Short-circuit re-running a known-broken walk or build for the same
+        # seed every frame; cleared the moment the user picks a different seed.
+        self._failed_seed_guid: str | None = None
+
+    _ABSTRACT_HOOKS = ("_is_seed_element", "_walk", "_build_geometry")
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        # Pin the template-method contract at class-definition time, mirroring
+        # ViewportDecorator's draw_method check: a subclass that forgets to
+        # override one of the three hooks would otherwise pass class creation
+        # and only raise NotImplementedError on the first walk — deferred long
+        # past the offending declaration.
+        missing = [
+            name for name in cls._ABSTRACT_HOOKS if getattr(cls, name) is getattr(_ConnectedNetworkPathDecorator, name)
+        ]
+        if missing:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls.__name__}: must override abstract hook(s) {sorted(missing)}")
+
+    def _is_seed_element(self, element: Any) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _walk(self, start_element: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _build_geometry(
+        self,
+        connected: list[Any],
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+        list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+        list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+    ]:
+        """Resolve world-space line segments + dots for one walk pass. Returns
+        ``(lines, free_points, connection_points)`` — free dots get the base
+        selected color, connection dots get the special color so junctions
+        between two consecutive elements pop out. Never raises; skips
+        degenerate elements."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _partition_points_by_coincidence(
+        cls,
+        points: list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+        lines: Sequence[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]] = (),
+    ) -> tuple[list[tuple[float, float, float]], list[tuple[float, float, float]]]:
+        """Split ``points`` into ``(free, connection)``. A point is "connection"
+        when (a) at least one other point in the list lies within
+        ``CONNECTION_EPS_SQ`` (corner / end-to-end joins), or (b) it lies within
+        ``CONNECTION_EPS_SQ`` of the interior of any segment in ``lines``
+        (T-junctions / ATPATH joins, where one wall's end lands on another
+        wall's axis interior rather than its endpoint). Connection points
+        dedupe to one representative each so coincident dots don't stack the
+        same color."""
+        eps_sq = cls.CONNECTION_EPS_SQ
+        n = len(points)
+        shared = [False] * n
+        for i in range(n):
+            xi, yi, zi = points[i]
+            for j in range(i + 1, n):
+                xj, yj, zj = points[j]
+                dx, dy, dz = xi - xj, yi - yj, zi - zj
+                if dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz <= eps_sq:
+                    shared[i] = True
+                    shared[j] = True
+        for i, point in enumerate(points):
+            if shared[i]:
+                continue
+            if cls._point_touches_any_segment_interior(point, lines, eps_sq):
+                shared[i] = True
+        free: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        connection: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        seen_connection: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for i, point in enumerate(points):
+            if not shared[i]:
+                free.append(point)
+                continue
+            for existing in seen_connection:
+                dx, dy, dz = point[0] - existing[0], point[1] - existing[1], point[2] - existing[2]
+                if dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz <= eps_sq:
+                    break
+            else:
+                seen_connection.append(point)
+                connection.append(point)
+        return free, connection
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _point_touches_any_segment_interior(
+        point: tuple[float, float, float],
+        lines: Sequence[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+        eps_sq: float,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """True iff ``point`` lies within ``sqrt(eps_sq)`` of the interior of
+        any segment in ``lines``. Endpoints are excluded so a point cannot
+        match its own owning segment via either of that segment's tips — the
+        endpoint-coincidence pass already handles those cases. The qualifying
+        projection must land strictly inside the segment (``0 < t < 1``) AND
+        sit further than ``eps`` from either tip, catching ATPATH/T-junction
+        joins without false-flagging walls that share a corner."""
+        px, py, pz = point
+        for (ax, ay, az), (bx, by, bz) in lines:
+            dxa, dya, dza = px - ax, py - ay, pz - az
+            if dxa * dxa + dya * dya + dza * dza <= eps_sq:
+                continue
+            dxb, dyb, dzb = px - bx, py - by, pz - bz
+            if dxb * dxb + dyb * dyb + dzb * dzb <= eps_sq:
+                continue
+            ex, ey, ez = bx - ax, by - ay, bz - az
+            seg_len_sq = ex * ex + ey * ey + ez * ez
+            if seg_len_sq <= eps_sq:
+                continue
+            t = (dxa * ex + dya * ey + dza * ez) / seg_len_sq
+            if t <= 0.0 or t >= 1.0:
+                continue
+            qx, qy, qz = ax + t * ex, ay + t * ey, az + t * ez
+            dx, dy, dz = px - qx, py - qy, pz - qz
+            if dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz <= eps_sq:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def draw(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        model_props = tool.Model.get_model_props()
+        if not getattr(model_props, "show_paths", False):
+            return
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        if ifc_file is None:
+            return
+
+        start_element = None
+        active = context.active_object
+        if active is not None:
+            element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(active)
+            if element is not None and self._is_seed_element(element):
+                start_element = element
+        if start_element is None:
+            for obj in context.selected_objects or []:
+                if obj is active:
+                    continue
+                element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+                if element is None or not self._is_seed_element(element):
+                    continue
+                start_element = element
+                break
+        if start_element is None:
+            self._cached_start_guid = None
+            self._cached_walk = []
+            return
+
+        start_guid = start_element.GlobalId
+        if start_guid == self._failed_seed_guid:
+            return
+        current_geom_gen = tool.Parametric.get_geom_generation()
+        connected: list[Any] | None = None
+        if (
+            start_guid == self._cached_start_guid
+            and ifc_file is self._cached_ifc_file
+            and current_geom_gen == self._cached_geom_gen
+            and self._cached_walk_ids
+        ):
+            try:
+                connected = [ifc_file.by_id(eid) for eid in self._cached_walk_ids]
+            except RuntimeError:
+                # An entity was removed without bumping geom_gen — rare but
+                # possible from non-operator code paths. Force a re-walk
+                # rather than feeding a stale handle to _build_geometry.
+                connected = None
+        if connected is None:
+            try:
+                connected = self._walk(start_element)
+            except Exception:
+                if not self._walk_failure_logged:
+                    import traceback
+
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                    self._walk_failure_logged = True
+                self._cached_walk_ids = []
+                self._failed_seed_guid = start_guid
+                return
+            self._cached_start_guid = start_guid
+            self._cached_ifc_file = ifc_file
+            self._cached_geom_gen = current_geom_gen
+            self._cached_walk_ids = [e.id() for e in connected]
+        if not connected:
+            return
+
+        prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
+        line_color = tuple(prefs.decorator_color_selected[:3])
+        # Junction dots get the "selected" palette slot (green by default) so
+        # they read as the currently-inspected network's spine; free endpoints
+        # get the "special" slot (blue by default) so dangling line ends stand
+        # apart from junctions at a glance.
+        connection_color = line_color
+        free_color = tuple(prefs.decorator_color_special[:3])
+
+        try:
+            lines, free_points, connection_points = self._geom_cache.get_or_compute(
+                (start_guid, id(ifc_file), current_geom_gen),
+                lambda: self._build_geometry(connected),
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            if not self._build_failure_logged:
+                import traceback
+
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                self._build_failure_logged = True
+            self._failed_seed_guid = start_guid
+            return
+
+        if lines:
+            _stroke_lines_alpha(context, lines, line_color, self.LINE_WIDTH, self.LINE_ALPHA)
+
+        if free_points or connection_points:
+            # POINTS via UNIFORM_COLOR; point_size_set only affects the next batch.
+            point_shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("UNIFORM_COLOR")
+            point_shader.bind()
+            gpu.state.point_size_set(self.DOT_SIZE)
+            gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
+            if free_points:
+                point_shader.uniform_float("color", (*free_color, self.LINE_ALPHA))
+                batch = batch_for_shader(point_shader, "POINTS", {"pos": free_points})
+                batch.draw(point_shader)
+            if connection_points:
+                point_shader.uniform_float("color", (*connection_color, self.LINE_ALPHA))
+                batch = batch_for_shader(point_shader, "POINTS", {"pos": connection_points})
+                batch.draw(point_shader)
+            gpu.state.blend_set("NONE")
+
+
+class MEPSystemPathDecorator(_ConnectedNetworkPathDecorator):
+    """Schematic-path overlay for the selected MEP element's connected
+    distribution system.
+
+    Walk: BFS through ``IfcRelConnectsPorts`` from the first selected MEP
+    element. Segments render as one axis line + endpoint dots. Fittings
+    render as:
+
+    - 2-port (transition, coupler, bend): one line port-to-port, keeping
+      the schematic continuous through the fitting. The "spider from
+      origin" pattern produces V-shaped flares when the fitting's local
+      origin is offset from its ports.
+    - 3+-port (tee, cross, branching): spider from origin to each port.
+      Drawing all N*(N-1)/2 port pairs would clutter the view at high N
+      (N=4 → 6 lines); the spider gives one line per port.
+    - 0-port / 1-port: degenerate, no lines (dots still emit)."""
+
+    def _is_seed_element(self, element: Any) -> bool:
+        return tool.System.is_mep_element(element)
+
+    def _walk(self, start_element: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        return tool.System.walk_connected_mep_elements(start_element)
+
+    def _build_geometry(
+        self,
+        connected: list[Any],
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+        list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+        list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+    ]:
+        lines: list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]] = []
+        port_positions: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for element in connected:
+            if element and element.is_a("IfcFlowSegment"):
+                if not tool.Geometry.has_axis_representation(element):
+                    continue
+                obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
+                if obj is None:
+                    continue
+                start_world, end_world = tool.Model.get_flow_segment_axis(obj)
+                lines.append((tuple(start_world), tuple(end_world)))
+                # Segment ports sit at the two axis endpoints — emit dots so
+                # the connection node is visible whether the neighbour is a
+                # fitting (also emits) or another segment (doesn't).
+                port_positions.append(tuple(start_world))
+                port_positions.append(tuple(end_world))
+            elif element.is_a("IfcFlowFitting"):
+                obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
+                if obj is None:
+                    continue
+                ports = tool.System.get_ports(element)
+                port_world_positions = [tool.System.get_port_world_position(p) for p in ports]
+                if len(port_world_positions) == 2:
+                    lines.append((tuple(port_world_positions[0]), tuple(port_world_positions[1])))
+                elif len(port_world_positions) >= 3:
+                    origin = obj.matrix_world.translation
+                    for port_pos in port_world_positions:
+                        lines.append((tuple(origin), tuple(port_pos)))
+                for port_pos in port_world_positions:
+                    port_positions.append(tuple(port_pos))
+        free_points, connection_points = self._partition_points_by_coincidence(port_positions)
+        return lines, free_points, connection_points
+
+
+class WallSystemPathDecorator(_ConnectedNetworkPathDecorator):
+    """Schematic-path overlay for the selected wall's connected wall network.
+
+    Walk: BFS through ``IfcRelConnectsPathElements`` from the first selected
+    wall. Each wall renders as one reference-line segment + a dot at each
+    axis endpoint. Endpoints are classified by IFC topology — every wall in
+    the walked set inspects its ``IfcRelConnectsPathElements`` rels filtered
+    to walls in the same set, and uses ``Relating*``/``Related*ConnectionType``
+    (ATSTART / ATEND / ATPATH) to decide which endpoint participates. ATPATH
+    rels also emit a connection dot at the canonical join location (a T-meets
+    point sits on the through-wall's interior, not at any endpoint). The
+    framework's geometric classifier is bypassed for walls because authoring
+    tolerance and post-edit float drift commonly exceed the 0.1 mm coincidence
+    threshold, so T-junctions otherwise fell into the free bucket."""
+
+    def _is_seed_element(self, element: Any) -> bool:
+        return element.is_a("IfcWall") and tool.Geometry.has_axis_representation(element)
+
+    def _walk(self, start_element: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        return tool.Wall.walk_connected_walls(start_element)
+
+    def _build_geometry(
+        self,
+        connected: list[Any],
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+        list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+        list[tuple[float, float, float]],
+    ]:
+        lines: list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]] = []
+        refs: dict[int, tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]] = {}
+        for element in connected:
+            obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
+            if obj is None:
+                continue
+            ref = tool.Wall.get_world_reference_line(obj)
+            if ref is None:
+                continue
+            p1, p2 = tuple(ref[0]), tuple(ref[1])
+            refs[element.id()] = (p1, p2)
+            lines.append((p1, p2))
+
+        free_points, connection_points = self._classify_endpoints_from_rels(connected, refs)
+        connection_points = self._dedupe_close_points(connection_points, self.CONNECTION_EPS_SQ)
+        return lines, free_points, connection_points
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _classify_endpoints_from_rels(
+        connected: Sequence[Any],
+        refs: dict[int, tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]],
+    ) -> tuple[list[tuple[float, float, float]], list[tuple[float, float, float]]]:
+        """For each wall in ``connected`` with a reference line in ``refs``,
+        classify its endpoints by walking its ``IfcRelConnectsPathElements``
+        rels filtered to walls also in ``refs``. ATSTART side present →
+        reference-line start is a connection; ATEND side present → reference-
+        line end is a connection; otherwise free. ATPATH side present → emit
+        an extra connection dot at the canonical join via
+        ``tool.Wall.path_connection_location_world``. Returns
+        ``(free, connection)`` un-deduped."""
+        free_points: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        connection_points: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for element in connected:
+            self_seg = refs.get(element.id())
+            if self_seg is None:
+                continue
+            sides: set[str] = set()
+            atpath_dots: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+            for rel in getattr(element, "ConnectedTo", []) or ():
+                if not rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements"):
+                    continue
+                other = rel.RelatedElement
+                other_seg = refs.get(other.id()) if other is not None else None
+                if other_seg is None:
+                    continue
+                self_type = rel.RelatingConnectionType
+                other_type = rel.RelatedConnectionType
+                sides.add(self_type)
+                if self_type == "ATPATH":
+                    join = tool.Wall.path_connection_location_world(self_seg, self_type, other_seg, other_type)
+                    atpath_dots.append(tuple(join))
+            for rel in getattr(element, "ConnectedFrom", []) or ():
+                if not rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements"):
+                    continue
+                other = rel.RelatingElement
+                other_seg = refs.get(other.id()) if other is not None else None
+                if other_seg is None:
+                    continue
+                self_type = rel.RelatedConnectionType
+                other_type = rel.RelatingConnectionType
+                sides.add(self_type)
+                if self_type == "ATPATH":
+                    join = tool.Wall.path_connection_location_world(self_seg, self_type, other_seg, other_type)
+                    atpath_dots.append(tuple(join))
+            p1, p2 = self_seg
+            (connection_points if "ATSTART" in sides else free_points).append(p1)
+            (connection_points if "ATEND" in sides else free_points).append(p2)
+            connection_points.extend(atpath_dots)
+        return free_points, connection_points
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _dedupe_close_points(
+        points: Sequence[tuple[float, float, float]],
+        eps_sq: float,
+    ) -> list[tuple[float, float, float]]:
+        """Drop later occurrences of points within ``sqrt(eps_sq)`` of an
+        earlier one. Used to collapse overlapping connection dots so an ATPATH
+        join computed at the same point as a neighbour's wall endpoint
+        renders once."""
+        result: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for point in points:
+            for existing in result:
+                dx, dy, dz = point[0] - existing[0], point[1] - existing[1], point[2] - existing[2]
+                if dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz <= eps_sq:
+                    break
+            else:
+                result.append(point)
+        return result

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/host_add_opening_gizmo.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from mathutils import Vector
 
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import gizmos as gizmo
+from bonsai.bim.module.model.opening import is_filling_supported
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.wall import (
     _get_wall_geom_cached,
     _wall_camera_facing_icon_y,
@@ -52,6 +53,20 @@ def is_supported_host(element) -> bool:
     return tool.Parametric.is_path_connectable_wall(element) or element.is_a("IfcSlab") or element.is_a("IfcRoof")
 
 
+def is_supported_filling_or_opening(element) -> bool:
+    """Total predicate for the add-opening gizmo poll. ``None`` (raw Blender
+    mesh) is accepted because the operator converts unclassified meshes
+    into ``IfcOpeningElement`` instances. ``IfcOpeningElement`` is accepted
+    because reassigning an existing opening to a new host is a legal path
+    through the operator. Otherwise defer to the generator's own
+    supported-filling predicate."""
+    if element is None:
+        return True
+    if element.is_a("IfcOpeningElement"):
+        return True
+    return is_filling_supported(element)
+
+
 def _resolve_active_host(context: bpy.types.Context, n_selected: int):
     """Shared poll prologue: gizmo gate + selection cardinality + active-in-
     selected + IFC entity lookup + supported-host predicate. Returns the
@@ -72,12 +87,14 @@ def _resolve_active_host(context: bpy.types.Context, n_selected: int):
 
 
 class GizmoHostAddOpening(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMixin):
-    """Activates when a host element (wall / slab / roof) is the active object
-    and exactly one other selected object is *not* itself a host.
+    """Activates when exactly two objects are selected and one is a fillable
+    host (wall / slab / roof) while the other is a valid filling (door /
+    window / existing opening, or a plain Blender mesh).
 
-    Renders a single ``VIEW3D_GT_add_opening`` icon at the void object's
-    projected location on the host. A click dispatches ``bim.add_opening``,
-    which handles any element exposing the ``HasOpenings`` inverse.
+    Selection-order independent: the host role is identified by class, not
+    by active state. The "+" icon anchors on the host's surface regardless
+    of which object was clicked first. The dispatched ``bim.add_opening``
+    operator also handles either order.
 
     Per-frame positioning keeps the icon facing the camera as the viewport
     orbits."""
@@ -90,22 +107,29 @@ class GizmoHostAddOpening(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMixin
 
     @classmethod
     def poll(cls, context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
-        element = _resolve_active_host(context, n_selected=2)
-        if element is None:
+        if not _wall_gizmo_poll_gate(context):
             return False
-        # The operator itself filters on HasOpenings, but checking here keeps
-        # the icon from appearing on host classes that can't accept openings
-        # in the active IFC schema.
-        if not hasattr(element, "HasOpenings"):
+        selected = list(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+        if len(selected) != 2:
             return False
         active = context.active_object
-        other = next(o for o in tool.Blender.get_selected_objects() if o is not active)
-        # Host + host pairings are claimed by host-specific gizmos (wall-join,
-        # extend-vertical, …) — suppress here so the add-opening icon never
-        # stacks on top of them.
-        if is_supported_host(tool.Ifc.get_entity(other)):
+        if active is None or active not in selected:
             return False
-        return True
+        a_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(selected[0])
+        b_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(selected[1])
+        return cls._is_apply_opening_pair(a_element, b_element) or cls._is_apply_opening_pair(b_element, a_element)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_apply_opening_pair(host_element, filling_element) -> bool:
+        """``host_element`` qualifies as a fillable host AND ``filling_element``
+        qualifies as a filling. Used twice with the operands swapped so the
+        gizmo polls true regardless of which of the two selected objects is
+        active."""
+        if not is_supported_host(host_element):
+            return False
+        if not hasattr(host_element, "HasOpenings"):
+            return False
+        return is_supported_filling_or_opening(filling_element)
 
     def setup(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         default_color, highlight_color = self.get_decoration_colors()
@@ -114,18 +138,20 @@ class GizmoHostAddOpening(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMixin
         )
 
     def position_gizmos(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
-        host_obj = context.active_object
-        if not host_obj:
+        selected = list(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+        if len(selected) != 2:
             return
-        selected = tool.Blender.get_selected_objects()
-        other = next((o for o in selected if o is not host_obj), None)
-        if not other:
-            return
-        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(host_obj)
-        if not element:
+        a, b = selected[0], selected[1]
+        a_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(a)
+        b_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(b)
+        if is_supported_host(a_element):
+            host_obj, host_element, other = a, a_element, b
+        elif is_supported_host(b_element):
+            host_obj, host_element, other = b, b_element, a
+        else:
             return
 
-        if tool.Parametric.is_path_connectable_wall(element):
+        if tool.Parametric.is_path_connectable_wall(host_element):
             world_pos = wall_anchor(context, self, host_obj, other)
         else:
             world_pos = layer3_anchor(host_obj, other)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/mep.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import numpy as np
 from ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder import ShapeBuilder
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
+import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.core.root
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import gizmos as gizmo
@@ -693,27 +694,6 @@ def get_connected_element_at_segment_port(segment, at_segment_start):
     return tool.System.get_port_relating_element(connected_port)
 
 
-def find_fitting_between_segments(segment_a, segment_b):
-    """Single IfcFlowFitting bridging segment_a and segment_b via ports, or
-    ``None`` if no fitting (or multiple fittings — only direct one-fitting
-    joins handled)."""
-    if not (segment_a.is_a("IfcFlowSegment") and segment_b.is_a("IfcFlowSegment")):
-        return None
-    b_ports_set = set(tool.System.get_ports(segment_b))
-    for a_port in tool.System.get_ports(segment_a):
-        connected_port = tool.System.get_connected_port(a_port)
-        if connected_port is None:
-            continue
-        fitting = tool.System.get_port_relating_element(connected_port)
-        if fitting is None or not fitting.is_a("IfcFlowFitting"):
-            continue
-        for fitting_port in tool.System.get_ports(fitting):
-            other_port = tool.System.get_connected_port(fitting_port)
-            if other_port is not None and other_port in b_ports_set:
-                return fitting
-    return None
-
-
 def _resolve_active_mep_segment(operator, context):
     """Return the operator's target ``IfcFlowSegment`` or ``None`` after reporting.
 
@@ -808,52 +788,6 @@ class MEPAddObstruction(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
-class MEPUnjoinAtPort(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
-    """Delete the IfcFlowFitting that bridges a segment's port to a second element.
-
-    Used when the connection at the port is in the JOINED state (the fitting
-    has at least one other port connecting to a different element). The
-    segment isn't resized — only the bridging fitting is removed. Refuses
-    to act on an OBSTRUCTION fitting (those are routed through
-    ``bim.mep_add_obstruction`` with mode=REMOVE which extends the segment
-    to absorb the freed length)."""
-
-    bl_idname = "bim.mep_unjoin_at_port"
-    bl_label = "Unjoin MEP Segment at Port"
-    bl_description = "Disconnect the segment from the fitting at the named port (deletes the fitting)"
-    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
-    segment_id: bpy.props.IntProperty(name="Segment Element ID", default=0)
-    position: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
-        name="Port",
-        items=[
-            ("START", "At Start", "Operate on the segment's start port"),
-            ("END", "At End", "Operate on the segment's end port"),
-        ],
-        default="END",
-    )
-
-    def _execute(self, context):
-        resolved = _require_port_state(self, context, PORT_JOINED, "joining")
-        if resolved is None:
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        element, at_segment_start = resolved
-
-        fitting = get_connected_element_at_segment_port(element, at_segment_start)
-        if fitting is None or not fitting.is_a("IfcFlowFitting"):
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Connected port does not lead to a fitting.")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        if getattr(fitting, "PredefinedType", None) == "OBSTRUCTION":
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Obstruction fittings are removed via bim.mep_add_obstruction (mode=REMOVE).")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-
-        fitting_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(fitting)
-        if fitting_obj is None:
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Fitting has no Blender object.")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(fitting_obj)
-        return {"FINISHED"}
-
-
 class MEPRemoveTerminalFitting(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
     """Remove the terminal fitting at a segment's named port.
 
@@ -906,44 +840,6 @@ class MEPRemoveTerminalFitting(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
-class MEPUnjoinPair(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
-    """Delete the IfcFlowFitting joining two selected MEP segments.
-
-    Removes the fitting; segments are left in place for the user to reposition."""
-
-    bl_idname = "bim.mep_unjoin_pair"
-    bl_label = "Unjoin MEP Segments"
-    bl_description = "Delete the fitting joining the two selected MEP segments"
-    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
-
-    @classmethod
-    def poll(cls, context):
-        if not _n_mep_selected(2):
-            cls.poll_message_set("Select exactly 2 MEP segments joined by a fitting.")
-            return False
-        return True
-
-    def _execute(self, context):
-        selected_objs = tool.Blender.get_selected_objects()
-        elements = [tool.Ifc.get_entity(o) for o in selected_objs]
-        if any(e is None or not e.is_a("IfcFlowSegment") for e in elements):
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Both selected objects must be MEP segments.")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        fitting = find_fitting_between_segments(elements[0], elements[1])
-        if fitting is None:
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "No single fitting joins the selected segments.")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        if getattr(fitting, "PredefinedType", None) == "OBSTRUCTION":
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Obstruction fittings are removed via bim.mep_add_obstruction (mode=REMOVE).")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        fitting_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(fitting)
-        if fitting_obj is None:
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Fitting has no Blender object.")
-            return {"CANCELLED"}
-        tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(fitting_obj)
-        return {"FINISHED"}
-
-
 class SelectMEPPathMembers(bpy.types.Operator):
     """Replace the selection with every MEP element reachable from the active
     one via IfcRelConnectsPorts — the entire connected distribution network."""
@@ -1782,6 +1678,11 @@ def _n_mep_selected(n: int) -> bool:
         element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(selected_obj)
         if element is None or not tool.System.is_mep_element(element):
             return False
+        # Array children mirror their parent's port topology. Writable MEP
+        # actions on a child get wiped by the next array regen, so gate the
+        # icons out at the visibility layer.
+        if tool.Array.is_array_child(element):
+            return False
     return True
 
 
@@ -2660,6 +2561,8 @@ def _active_is_flow_segment(obj: bpy.types.Object) -> bool:
     element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
     if element is None or not element.is_a("IfcFlowSegment"):
         return False
+    if tool.Array.is_array_child(element):
+        return False
     return tool.System.has_parametric_body(element)
 
 
@@ -2677,10 +2580,24 @@ def _active_mep_has_connected_neighbor(obj: bpy.types.Object) -> bool:
 
 
 def _active_is_bend_fitting(obj: bpy.types.Object) -> bool:
+    """True iff the active object is a parametric BEND fitting eligible for
+    the bend-preview re-edit path. Re-edit reads parameters from the type's
+    ``BBIM_Fitting`` pset, so that pset's presence is the ground truth for
+    re-editability — not the body representation class. The bend creation
+    path tessellates the swept-disk body as an upstream-geometry-kernel
+    workaround, so a freshly-committed bend's body contains only an
+    ``IfcTriangulatedFaceSet`` and ``has_parametric_body`` correctly
+    returns False for it; the pset gate is what keeps the pen icon
+    eligible."""
     element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
     if not _is_bend_fitting(element):
         return False
-    return tool.System.has_parametric_body(element)
+    if tool.Array.is_array_child(element):
+        return False
+    element_type = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_type(element)
+    if element_type is None:
+        return False
+    return ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(element_type, "BBIM_Fitting") is not None
 
 
 class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
@@ -2763,20 +2680,20 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
         ),
         IconActionConfig(
             name="unjoin_start",
-            icon="VIEW3D_GT_unjoin",
-            operator="bim.mep_unjoin_at_port",
+            icon="VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle",
+            operator="bim.disconnect_elements",
             visibility_condition=lambda obj: _selection_size() == 1 and _active_is_flow_segment(obj),
         ),
         IconActionConfig(
             name="unjoin_end",
-            icon="VIEW3D_GT_unjoin",
-            operator="bim.mep_unjoin_at_port",
+            icon="VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle",
+            operator="bim.disconnect_elements",
             visibility_condition=lambda obj: _selection_size() == 1 and _active_is_flow_segment(obj),
         ),
         IconActionConfig(
             name="unjoin_pair",
-            icon="VIEW3D_GT_unjoin",
-            operator="bim.mep_unjoin_pair",
+            icon="VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle",
+            operator="bim.disconnect_elements",
             visibility_condition=lambda _active: _n_mep_selected(2),
         ),
     ]
@@ -2794,7 +2711,17 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
         element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
         if element is None or not tool.System.is_mep_element(element):
             return False
-        return tool.System.has_parametric_body(element)
+        if tool.System.has_parametric_body(element):
+            return True
+        # Bend fittings carry their parametric definition in the type's
+        # ``BBIM_Fitting`` pset because the bend creation path tessellates
+        # the swept-disk body (upstream geometry-kernel workaround), so
+        # ``has_parametric_body`` returns False for them. Fall back to the
+        # pset gate so the pen icon (re_edit_bend) stays reachable.
+        element_type = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_type(element)
+        if element_type is None:
+            return False
+        return ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(element_type, "BBIM_Fitting") is not None
 
     def setup(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         super().setup(context)
@@ -2802,11 +2729,13 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
 
     @classmethod
     def _wire_anchored_icon_targets(cls, group) -> None:
-        """Pre-fill ``position`` (and ``mode`` for open-lock) on each anchored
-        icon so a click dispatches to the right port without a per-frame
-        property write; apply the warning-red hover colour to destructive
-        icons. Takes any object with ``action_<name>_gizmo`` attributes so
-        tests can exercise the wiring without instantiating the GizmoGroup."""
+        """Pre-fill ``position`` (and ``mode`` for open-lock) on the lock
+        icons so a click dispatches to the right port without a per-frame
+        property write, and pre-bind the unified ``bim.disconnect_elements``
+        operator on each unjoin icon so :py:meth:`position_gizmos` only has
+        to update the two GUIDs per frame. Takes any object with
+        ``action_<name>_gizmo`` attributes so tests can exercise the wiring
+        without instantiating the GizmoGroup."""
         for config_name, (_icon, position_arg) in cls.LOCK_ICON_CONFIGS.items():
             gz = getattr(group, f"action_{config_name}_gizmo", None)
             if gz is None:
@@ -2820,19 +2749,12 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
                 op_props = gz.target_set_operator("bim.mep_remove_terminal_fitting")
                 op_props.position = position_arg
 
-        for config_name, position_arg in (("unjoin_start", "START"), ("unjoin_end", "END")):
-            gz = getattr(group, f"action_{config_name}_gizmo", None)
-            if gz is None:
-                continue
-            op_props = gz.target_set_operator("bim.mep_unjoin_at_port")
-            op_props.position = position_arg
-
-        warning_color = gizmo.get_warning_color_from_prefs(tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences())
+        group.unjoin_op_props = {}
         for config_name in cls.UNJOIN_CONFIGS:
             gz = getattr(group, f"action_{config_name}_gizmo", None)
             if gz is None:
                 continue
-            gz.color_highlight = warning_color
+            group.unjoin_op_props[config_name] = gz.target_set_operator("bim.disconnect_elements")
 
     def position_gizmos(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         """Lay out icons across three regions: row above bbox top, segment
@@ -2899,6 +2821,10 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
                 if not visible:
                     gz.hide = True
                     continue
+                if config.name.startswith("unjoin_"):
+                    if not self._bind_unjoin_at_port(config.name, obj, endpoint_kind == "START"):
+                        gz.hide = True
+                        continue
                 if segment_endpoints is None:
                     segment_endpoints = tool.Model.get_flow_segment_axis(obj)
                 start_world, end_world = segment_endpoints
@@ -2910,7 +2836,7 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
                     if len(selected) == 2:
                         elements = [tool.Ifc.get_entity(o) for o in selected]
                         if all(e is not None and e.is_a("IfcFlowSegment") for e in elements):
-                            pair_fitting = find_fitting_between_segments(elements[0], elements[1]) or False
+                            pair_fitting = tool.System.find_bridging_fitting(elements[0], elements[1]) or False
                         else:
                             pair_fitting = False
                     else:
@@ -2922,6 +2848,13 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
                     gz.hide = True
                     continue
 
+                if config.name == "unjoin_pair":
+                    selected = tool.Blender.get_selected_objects()
+                    pair_elements = [tool.Ifc.get_entity(o) for o in selected]
+                    if not self._bind_unjoin_pair(pair_elements):
+                        gz.hide = True
+                        continue
+
                 if not bend_anchor_attempted:
                     bend_anchor = compute_mep_join_location()
                     bend_anchor_attempted = True
@@ -2950,3 +2883,33 @@ class GizmoMEPActions(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseIconActionGroup):
         if name in self.ENDPOINT_CONFIGS:
             return self.ICON_SCALE * self.ENDPOINT_SCALE_RATIO
         return self.ICON_SCALE
+
+    def _bind_unjoin_at_port(self, config_name: str, segment_obj: bpy.types.Object, at_segment_start: bool) -> bool:
+        """Resolve the fitting at the named port and bind both GUIDs on the
+        pre-wired ``bim.disconnect_elements`` op_props. Returns False when
+        the partner is unresolvable (port not joined to a disconnectable
+        fitting), and the caller hides the icon."""
+        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(segment_obj)
+        if element is None:
+            return False
+        fitting = get_connected_element_at_segment_port(element, at_segment_start)
+        if fitting is None or not fitting.is_a("IfcFlowFitting"):
+            return False
+        if getattr(fitting, "PredefinedType", None) == "OBSTRUCTION":
+            return False
+        op_props = self.unjoin_op_props[config_name]
+        op_props.element_a_guid = element.GlobalId
+        op_props.element_b_guid = fitting.GlobalId
+        return True
+
+    def _bind_unjoin_pair(self, pair_elements: list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance | None]) -> bool:
+        """Bind both segment GUIDs on the pair-disconnect icon's pre-wired
+        ``bim.disconnect_elements`` op_props. Returns False when either side
+        is missing a GlobalId (e.g. selection lost an active object), and
+        the caller hides the icon."""
+        if len(pair_elements) != 2 or any(e is None for e in pair_elements):
+            return False
+        op_props = self.unjoin_op_props["unjoin_pair"]
+        op_props.element_a_guid = pair_elements[0].GlobalId
+        op_props.element_b_guid = pair_elements[1].GlobalId
+        return True

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/opening.py

@@ -240,6 +240,15 @@ def _store_batch_in_cache(cache_key: tuple[int, str], batch: "gpu.types.GPUBatch
     _batch_cache[cache_key] = (epoch, batch)
 
 
+def is_filling_supported(element) -> bool:
+    """True when Bonsai's opening generator can derive an opening from this
+    element. IFC's schema permits any IfcElement as a filling; Bonsai
+    currently supports only IfcDoor and IfcWindow because those are the
+    classes with OverallWidth/OverallHeight attributes (or their types'
+    ELEVATION_VIEW profiles) that the generator can consume."""
+    return element is not None and element.is_a() in ("IfcDoor", "IfcWindow")
+
+
 class FilledOpeningGenerator:
     def generate(
         self,
@@ -409,18 +418,16 @@ class FilledOpeningGenerator:
                 representation = tool.Geometry.get_representation_by_context(voided_element, context)
                 assert representation
 
-                bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                    tool.Ifc,
-                    tool.Geometry,
-                    obj=voided_obj,
-                    representation=representation,
-                )
+                tool.Geometry.recut_host(voided_obj, representation)
 
     def regenerate_from_type(self, usecase_path: str, ifc_file: ifcopenshell.file, settings: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         relating_type = settings["relating_type"]
 
-        for related_object in settings["related_objects"]:
-            self._regenerate_from_type(related_object)
+        # Filling type-switch on an array of fillings fans out N host recuts —
+        # one per related object — without batching. Coalesce them.
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            for related_object in settings["related_objects"]:
+                self._regenerate_from_type(related_object)
 
     def _regenerate_from_type(self, related_object: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
         filling = related_object
@@ -469,12 +476,7 @@ class FilledOpeningGenerator:
             representation = tool.Geometry.get_active_representation(voided_obj)
             if not representation:
                 continue
-            bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                tool.Ifc,
-                tool.Geometry,
-                obj=voided_obj,
-                representation=representation,
-            )
+            tool.Geometry.recut_host(voided_obj, representation)
 
     def generate_opening_from_filling(
         self,
@@ -609,6 +611,31 @@ class RecalculateFill(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         return context.selected_objects
 
     def _execute(self, context):
+        # N selected fillings × M voided host parts would fire N×M host recuts
+        # without batching. Coalesce per host.
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            return self._recalculate_fills(context)
+
+    def _recalculate_fills(self, context):
+        # Refresh each selected filling's mapped opening source before
+        # recutting the host. Dedup by source id covers the common shared-
+        # source case in one rewrite while leaving unrelated sibling sources
+        # untouched.
+        seen_source_ids: set[int] = set()
+        for obj in context.selected_objects:
+            element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+            if not element or not element.FillsVoids:
+                continue
+            opening = element.FillsVoids[0].RelatingOpeningElement
+            body = tool.Geometry.get_body_representation(opening)
+            if body is None:
+                continue
+            source = tool.Geometry.resolve_mapped_representation(body)
+            if source.id() in seen_source_ids:
+                continue
+            seen_source_ids.add(source.id())
+            tool.Model.regenerate_filling_opening_body(element)
+
         for obj in context.selected_objects:
             element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
             if not element or not element.FillsVoids:
@@ -637,12 +664,7 @@ class RecalculateFill(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                 if building_obj and building_obj.data:
                     representation = tool.Geometry.get_active_representation(building_obj)
                     if representation:
-                        bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                            tool.Ifc,
-                            tool.Geometry,
-                            obj=building_obj,
-                            representation=representation,
-                        )
+                        tool.Geometry.recut_host(building_obj, representation)
 
         # Refresh cut decorator
         DecoratorData.cut_cache.clear()
@@ -964,27 +986,29 @@ class EditOpenings(Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         for opening_element in opening_elements:
             opening_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(opening_element)
 
-            similar_openings = bonsai.core.geometry.get_similar_openings(tool.Ifc, opening_element)
-            similar_openings_building_objs = bonsai.core.geometry.get_similar_openings_building_objs(
-                tool.Ifc, similar_openings
-            )
-            building_objs.update(similar_openings_building_objs)
-
             if opening_obj:
-                if tool.Ifc.is_edited(opening_obj):
-                    tool.Geometry.run_geometry_update_representation(obj=opening_obj)
-                    bonsai.core.geometry.edit_similar_opening_placement(
-                        tool.Geometry, opening_element, similar_openings
-                    )
-                elif tool.Ifc.is_moved(opening_obj):
-                    bonsai.core.geometry.edit_object_placement(tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, tool.Surveyor, obj=opening_obj)
+                opening_edited = tool.Ifc.is_edited(opening_obj)
+                opening_moved = tool.Ifc.is_moved(opening_obj)
+                # Sibling walls only need a viewport-level refresh when the
+                # opening's shape or placement actually changed — a pure
+                # show/hide toggle leaves them in their existing state.
+                if opening_edited or opening_moved:
+                    similar_openings = bonsai.core.geometry.get_similar_openings(tool.Ifc, opening_element)
+                    similar_openings_building_objs = bonsai.core.geometry.get_similar_openings_building_objs(
+                        tool.Ifc, similar_openings
+                    )
+                    building_objs.update(similar_openings_building_objs)
+                    if opening_edited:
+                        tool.Geometry.run_geometry_update_representation(obj=opening_obj)
+                    else:
+                        bonsai.core.geometry.edit_object_placement(
+                            tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, tool.Surveyor, obj=opening_obj
+                        )
                     bonsai.core.geometry.edit_similar_opening_placement(
                         tool.Geometry, opening_element, similar_openings
                     )
+                    building_objs.update(self.get_all_building_objects_of_similar_openings(opening_element))
 
-                building_objs.update(
-                    self.get_all_building_objects_of_similar_openings(opening_element)
-                )  # NB this has nothing to do with clone similar_opening
                 tool.Ifc.unlink(element=opening_element)
                 if props.representation_obj == opening_obj:
                     props.representation_obj = None
@@ -1022,6 +1046,12 @@ class CloneOpening(Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         return True
 
     def _execute(self, context):
+        # The voided host may be an aggregate whose parts each get recut.
+        # Coalesce per host so a many-parts aggregate doesn't fan out.
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            return self._clone_opening(context)
+
+    def _clone_opening(self, context):
         # NOTE: Operator displayed in UI only with IfcOpeningElement being active.
         ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
         objects = bpy.context.selected_objects
@@ -1051,12 +1081,7 @@ class CloneOpening(Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                 continue
             representation = tool.Geometry.get_active_representation(obj)
             assert representation
-            bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                tool.Ifc,
-                tool.Geometry,
-                obj=obj,
-                representation=representation,
-            )
+            tool.Geometry.recut_host(obj, representation)
 
         return {"FINISHED"}
 

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/profile.py

@@ -1002,6 +1002,14 @@ class EnableEditingExtrusionAxis(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
     def _execute(self, context):
         self.unit_scale = ifcopenshell.util.unit.calculate_unit_scale(tool.Ifc.get())
         obj = context.active_object
+
+        # Commit any in-progress parametric (gizmo) draft on this object
+        # before switching to axis-edit. Otherwise the in-memory draft
+        # state is overwritten when the axis mesh is imported below,
+        # silently discarding the user's pending dimension edits.
+        if feature := tool.Parametric.is_object_editing(obj):
+            tool.Parametric.commit_object_draft(obj, feature.finish_op)
+
         element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
 
         axis = ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_representation(element, "Model", "Axis", "GRAPH_VIEW")

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/prop.py

@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ from bonsai.bim.module.drawing.decoration import CutDecorator
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.data import AuthoringData
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.decorator import (
     BoundingBoxDecorator,
+    MEPSystemPathDecorator,
     SlabDirectionDecorator,
     WallAxisDecorator,
+    WallSystemPathDecorator,
 )
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.door import update_door_modifier_bmesh
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.window import update_window_modifier_bmesh
@@ -132,6 +134,19 @@ def update_slab_direction_decorator(self: "BIMModelProperties", context: bpy.typ
         SlabDirectionDecorator.uninstall()
 
 
+def update_paths_decorator(self: "BIMModelProperties", context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+    """Unified toggle for connected-element path overlays. Drives both the
+    MEP and wall path decorators — each decorator's ``draw`` short-circuits
+    when its kind of element isn't selected, so leaving both installed is
+    cheap and lets one toggle cover any connected-element family."""
+    if self.show_paths:
+        MEPSystemPathDecorator.install(bpy.context)
+        WallSystemPathDecorator.install(bpy.context)
+    else:
+        MEPSystemPathDecorator.uninstall()
+        WallSystemPathDecorator.uninstall()
+
+
 def update_measure_xyz(self: "BIMModelProperties", context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
     if self.show_bounding_box:
         BoundingBoxDecorator.install(context)
@@ -228,11 +243,7 @@ def update_wall_offset_baseline(self: "BIMWallProperties", context: bpy.types.Co
 def update_railing(self: "BIMRailingProperties", context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
     """Regenerate railing mesh when property changes."""
     if self.is_editing:
-        # Only FRAMELESS_PANEL can update live via bmesh.
-        # WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL geometry is generated from IFC representation,
-        # so it only updates on "Finish Editing" to avoid modifying IFC during preview.
-        if self.railing_type == "FRAMELESS_PANEL":
-            _get_updater("railing", "update_railing_modifier_bmesh")(context)
+        _get_updater("railing", "update_railing_modifier_bmesh")(context)
 
 
 def update_roof(self: "BIMRoofProperties", context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
@@ -358,6 +369,19 @@ class BIMModelProperties(PropertyGroup):
         default=False,
         update=update_slab_direction_decorator,
     )
+    show_paths: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Show Paths",
+        default=False,
+        update=update_paths_decorator,
+        description=(
+            "Trace the connected element path from the selected element. For "
+            "walls, follows IfcRelConnectsPathElements and draws each "
+            "connected wall's reference axis with endpoint dots. For MEP "
+            "elements, follows IfcRelConnectsPorts and draws each segment's "
+            "axis plus a port-to-port spider for each fitting. Toggle off to "
+            "skip the BFS traversal entirely."
+        ),
+    )
 
     prev_transform_orientation_slot_type: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="Previous Gizmo Orientation Type")
     prev_show_gizmo_object_translate: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Previous Gizmo Translate")
@@ -405,6 +429,7 @@ class BIMModelProperties(PropertyGroup):
         offset: float
         show_wall_axis: bool
         show_slab_direction: bool
+        show_paths: bool
 
         prev_transform_orientation_slot_type: str
         prev_show_gizmo_object_translate: bool
@@ -1693,6 +1718,21 @@ class BIMRoofProperties(PropertyGroup):
             setattr(target_props, prop_name, prop_value)
 
 
+class BIMSlabProperties(PropertyGroup):
+    """Transient state for the slab disconnect-access gizmo.
+
+    ``is_editing`` flips True when the user clicks the pen icon on a slab
+    that has wall connections — gating the per-wall disconnect icons in
+    ``GizmoSlabUnjoinWalls`` so they're hidden until the user opts in. No
+    IFC draft state lives here: the disconnect operator commits directly,
+    so this PropertyGroup carries only the UI gate."""
+
+    is_editing: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Slab Edit Active", default=False, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        is_editing: bool
+
+
 class BIMWallProperties(PropertyGroup):
     """Transient draft state for parametric wall gizmo editing.
 

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/railing.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 
 import json
+import math
 from typing import Any
 
 import bmesh
@@ -27,14 +28,24 @@ import ifcopenshell.api.geometry
 import ifcopenshell.api.pset
 import ifcopenshell.util.representation
 import ifcopenshell.util.unit
-from mathutils import Vector
+from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
 import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.core.root
 import bonsai.tool as tool
+from bonsai.bim.module.drawing import gizmos as gizmo
+from bonsai.bim.module.drawing.gizmos import DimensionGizmoConfig
+from bonsai.bim.module.model import prop
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.data import RailingData, refresh
 from bonsai.bim.module.model.decorator import ProfileDecorator
-from bonsai.bim.parametric_lifecycle import PathPreservingEditMixin
+from bonsai.bim.parametric_lifecycle import (
+    CycleTypeMixin,
+    PathPreservingEditMixin,
+    PickTypeMixin,
+)
+from bonsai.tool.cad import WELD_TOLERANCE
+
+V_ = tool.Blender.V_
 
 # reference:
 # https://ifc43-docs.standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC4x3/HTML/lexical/IfcRailing.htm
@@ -125,6 +136,56 @@ def update_bbim_railing_pset(element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, railing_data
     ifcopenshell.api.pset.edit_pset(tool.Ifc.get(), pset=pset, properties={"Data": railing_data})
 
 
+def generate_wall_mounted_handrail_preview(
+    obj: bpy.types.Object,
+    props: "prop.BIMRailingProperties",
+    path_data: dict[str, Any],
+    si_conversion: float,
+) -> None:
+    """Viewport-only WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL preview: rebuild ``obj.data`` from the same
+    geometry helper the IFC representation builder uses, without writing any IFC."""
+    railing_path = [Vector(v) * si_conversion for v in path_data["verts"]]
+    looped_path = path_data["edges"][-1][-1] == path_data["edges"][0][0]
+
+    geom = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.compute_wall_mounted_handrail_geometry(
+        railing_path=railing_path,
+        support_spacing=props.support_spacing,
+        railing_diameter=props.railing_diameter,
+        clear_width=props.clear_width,
+        height=props.height,
+        use_manual_supports=props.use_manual_supports,
+        terminal_type=props.terminal_type,
+        looped_path=looped_path,
+        unit_scale=1.0,  # props are already SI; bypass the IFC project-units conversion
+    )
+
+    bm = tool.Blender.get_bmesh_for_mesh(obj.data, clean=True)
+
+    tool.Cad.sweep_disk_along_polyline(
+        bm,
+        [Vector(p) for p in geom.handrail_polyline],
+        geom.handrail_radius,
+        arc_indices=geom.handrail_arc_point_indices,
+    )
+
+    for support in geom.supports:
+        tool.Cad.sweep_disk_along_polyline(
+            bm,
+            [Vector(p) for p in support.arc_polyline],
+            support.arc_radius,
+        )
+        tool.Cad.add_disk_extrusion(
+            bm,
+            Vector(support.disk_position),
+            support.disk_radius,
+            support.disk_depth,
+            support.disk_z_rotation,
+        )
+
+    bmesh.ops.recalc_face_normals(bm, faces=bm.faces[:])
+    tool.Blender.apply_bmesh(obj.data, bm)
+
+
 def update_railing_modifier_bmesh(context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
     """before using should make sure that Data contains up-to-date information.
     If BBIM Pset just changed should call refresh() before updating bmesh
@@ -140,6 +201,13 @@ def update_railing_modifier_bmesh(context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
     path_data = RailingData.data["path_data"]
 
     si_conversion = ifcopenshell.util.unit.calculate_unit_scale(tool.Ifc.get())
+
+    # WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL renders the preview from the compute helper; IFC stays
+    # untouched until Finish Editing rebuilds the representation.
+    if not props.is_editing_path and props.railing_type == "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL":
+        generate_wall_mounted_handrail_preview(obj, props, path_data, si_conversion)
+        return
+
     # need to make sure we support edit mode
     # since users will probably be in edit mode when they'll be changing railing path
     bm = tool.Blender.get_bmesh_for_mesh(obj.data, clean=True)
@@ -165,8 +233,6 @@ def update_railing_modifier_bmesh(context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         thickness = props.thickness
         spacing = props.spacing
 
-        # spacing
-        # split each edge in 3 segments by 0.5 * spacing by x-y plane
         main_edges = bm.edges[:]
         for main_edge in main_edges:
             bm_split_edge_at_offset(main_edge, spacing)
@@ -211,7 +277,7 @@ def update_railing_modifier_bmesh(context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         bmesh.ops.dissolve_edges(bm, edges=edges_to_dissolve)
         bmesh.ops.dissolve_verts(bm, verts=verts_to_dissolve)
         # to remove unnecessary verts in 0 spacing case
-        bmesh.ops.remove_doubles(bm, verts=bm.verts, dist=0.0001)
+        bmesh.ops.remove_doubles(bm, verts=bm.verts, dist=WELD_TOLERANCE)
 
         bmesh.ops.recalc_face_normals(bm, faces=bm.faces[:])
 
@@ -271,8 +337,8 @@ def get_path_data(obj: bpy.types.Object) -> dict[str, Any]:
             segments.append((i - 1, 0))
             break
 
-        # skip path verts if they just go vertical to avoid errors
-        if (v.co.xy - prev_v.co.xy).length <= 0.0001:
+        # Vertical-only segments project to a degenerate XY edge; skip to avoid divide-by-zero downstream.
+        if (v.co.xy - prev_v.co.xy).length <= WELD_TOLERANCE:
             continue
 
         points.append(v.co)
@@ -407,9 +473,8 @@ class CopyRailingParameters(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
 
 
 class _RailingEditMixin(PathPreservingEditMixin):
-    """Type-specific hooks for railing parametric-edit operators. Single-object
-    (active_object). ``path_data`` is preserved through the edit; the separate
-    ``Enable/Finish/CancelEditingRailingPath`` operators handle path editing."""
+    """Single-object (active_object) railing-edit hooks; path_data is preserved
+    through the edit (path editing is a separate operator family)."""
 
     pset_name = "BBIM_Railing"
 
@@ -436,7 +501,21 @@ class _RailingEditMixin(PathPreservingEditMixin):
         update_railing_modifier_ifc_data(context)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _update_modifier_bmesh(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+    def _restore_viewport_after_cancel(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        """WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL reloads the committed Body; others rebuild the preview bmesh."""
+        props = tool.Model.get_railing_props(obj)
+        if props.railing_type == "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL":
+            element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+            assert element
+            body = ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_representation(element, "Model", "Body", "MODEL_VIEW")
+            if body:
+                bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
+                    tool.Ifc,
+                    tool.Geometry,
+                    obj=obj,
+                    representation=body,
+                )
+            return
         update_railing_modifier_bmesh(context)
 
 
@@ -467,6 +546,556 @@ class FinishEditingRailing(_RailingEditMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Opera
         return self._finish_targets(context)
 
 
+class CycleRailingType(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator, CycleTypeMixin):
+    """Cycle railing_type (FRAMELESS_PANEL ↔ WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL). Shift+click reverses."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.cycle_railing_type"
+    bl_label = "Cycle Railing Type"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    element_checker = tool.Parametric.is_railing
+    props_getter = tool.Model.get_railing_props
+    type_literal = tool.Model.RailingType
+    type_attr = "railing_type"
+
+    def _execute(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> set[str]:
+        return self._cycle_type(context)
+
+
+class ToggleRailingUseManualSupports(bpy.types.Operator):
+    """Flip use_manual_supports on the active WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL railing.
+
+    No-op unless a parametric edit is active and the railing is wall-mounted.
+    """
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.toggle_railing_use_manual_supports"
+    bl_label = "Toggle Railing Manual Supports"
+    bl_description = "Switch between automatic support spacing and manual per-vertex placement"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        resolved = tool.Model.resolve_active_props_for_edit(
+            context,
+            tool.Model.get_railing_props,
+            subtype=("railing_type", "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL"),
+        )
+        if resolved is None:
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        _obj, props = resolved
+        props.use_manual_supports = not props.use_manual_supports
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class PickRailingTerminalType(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator, PickTypeMixin):
+    """Pick ``terminal_type`` for the active WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL railing."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.pick_railing_terminal_type"
+    bl_label = "Pick Railing Terminal Type"
+    bl_description = "Pick the cap geometry applied at the rail ends"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    skip_element_check = True
+    props_getter = tool.Model.get_railing_props
+    type_literal = prop.CapType
+    type_attr = "terminal_type"
+
+    def _execute(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> set[str]:
+        if (
+            tool.Model.resolve_active_props_for_edit(
+                context,
+                tool.Model.get_railing_props,
+                subtype=("railing_type", "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL"),
+            )
+            is None
+        ):
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        return self._pick_type(context)
+
+
+def _format_attr_distance(attr_name: str):
+    """text_formatter that renders the named property as a distance, ignoring the
+    dimension's visible-length argument (which is fixed for schematic gizmos)."""
+    return lambda p, _v: tool.Unit.format_distance(getattr(p, attr_name))
+
+
+class GizmoRailingSchematic(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseSchematicGizmoGroup):
+    """Schematic-frame parametric editor for railings. Mutually exclusive with path-edit mode."""
+
+    bl_idname = "OBJECT_GGT_bim_railing_edition"
+    bl_label = "Railing Editing Gizmo"
+    bl_space_type = "VIEW_3D"
+    bl_region_type = "WINDOW"
+    bl_options = {"3D", "PERSISTENT"}
+
+    enable_editing_operator = "bim.enable_editing_railing"
+    finish_editing_operator = "bim.finish_editing_railing"
+    cancel_editing_operator = "bim.cancel_editing_railing"
+    cycle_type_operator = "bim.cycle_railing_type"
+
+    props_getter = tool.Model.get_railing_props
+    gizmo_pref_name = "railing"
+
+    # Schematic-local layout. +X → screen RIGHT, +Y → screen UP, +Z → toward viewer
+    # (post billboard rotation). Each dimension is anchored alongside the feature it
+    # measures so the label, not the bar length, carries the value.
+    SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC = 0.9  # Mesh top edge in schematic-local +Y
+    SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC = 0.7  # Mesh side edges in schematic-local ±X
+    SCHEMATIC_MESH_RAIL_Y_FRAC = SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC / 2  # WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL rail centreline
+    SCHEMATIC_MESH_DEPTH_FRAC = 0.06  # Panel depth — small so the schematic reads as slabs not boxes
+    # WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL dimensions — fractions of schematic_box_size so they
+    # scale with the host group's box size.
+    SCHEMATIC_RAIL_RADIUS_FRAC = 0.05
+    SCHEMATIC_RAIL_CLEAR_FRAC = 0.5  # Stylised — wider than real-world for visible bracket arm
+    SCHEMATIC_RAIL_INSET_FRAC = 0.08  # Wall extends past the outermost support on both sides
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schematic_rail_radius(cls) -> float:
+        return cls.schematic_box_size * cls.SCHEMATIC_RAIL_RADIUS_FRAC
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schematic_rail_clear(cls) -> float:
+        return cls.schematic_box_size * cls.SCHEMATIC_RAIL_CLEAR_FRAC
+
+    # Axonometric 3/4 view: +Z projects down-and-left so the depth axis
+    # is visibly separated from the back face. Without the X tilt, panel
+    # thickness (schematic-local Z) collapses to a near-horizontal bar.
+    schematic_view_rotation = Matrix.Rotation(math.radians(20), 4, "X") @ Matrix.Rotation(math.radians(-25), 4, "Y")
+
+    # Hover a dimension → highlight the schematic edges tagged with the matching feature.
+    # Tags are written by the mesh builders. "spacing" is empty space (no edges) so it's
+    # absent from this map and gracefully no-ops on hover.
+    schematic_attr_to_feature = {
+        "height": "panel_height",
+        "thickness": "panel_thickness",
+        "railing_diameter": "rail_tube",
+        "clear_width": "bracket",
+        "support_spacing": "bracket",
+    }
+
+    schematic_dimension_props = [
+        # ── FRAMELESS_PANEL ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+        DimensionGizmoConfig(
+            attr_name="height",
+            axis=(0, 1, 0),
+            min_value=0.01,
+            # Gated to FRAMELESS_PANEL: in WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL, height only
+            # feeds TO_FLOOR / TO_END_POST_AND_FLOOR terminals so dragging it
+            # is a no-op under the default "180" terminal.
+            visibility_condition=lambda p: p.railing_type == "FRAMELESS_PANEL",
+            matrix_position=lambda p: Vector((-GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2 - 0.08, 0.0, 0.0)),
+            schematic_visible_length=SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC,
+            text_formatter=_format_attr_distance("height"),
+        ),
+        DimensionGizmoConfig(
+            attr_name="thickness",
+            axis=(0, 0, 1),  # panel depth — projects to a true depth direction under the 3/4 tilt
+            min_value=0.005,
+            visibility_condition=lambda p: p.railing_type == "FRAMELESS_PANEL",
+            matrix_position=lambda p: Vector(
+                (
+                    (
+                        -GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2
+                        - GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_GAP_HALF_WIDTH
+                    )
+                    / 2,
+                    GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC + 0.05,
+                    -GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_DEPTH_FRAC / 2,
+                )
+            ),
+            schematic_visible_length=0.4,  # longer than default to survive depth foreshortening
+            text_formatter=_format_attr_distance("thickness"),
+        ),
+        DimensionGizmoConfig(
+            attr_name="spacing",
+            axis=(1, 0, 0),
+            min_value=0.0,  # zero-spacing collapses the picket gap into a single continuous panel
+            visibility_condition=lambda p: p.railing_type == "FRAMELESS_PANEL",
+            matrix_position=lambda p: Vector((0.0, -0.1, 0.0)),
+            text_formatter=_format_attr_distance("spacing"),
+        ),
+        # ── WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL ──────────────────────────────────────
+        DimensionGizmoConfig(
+            attr_name="railing_diameter",
+            axis=(0, 1, 0),
+            min_value=0.001,
+            visibility_condition=lambda p: p.railing_type == "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL",
+            matrix_position=lambda p: Vector(
+                (
+                    -GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2 - 0.05,
+                    GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_RAIL_Y_FRAC - 0.09,
+                    GizmoRailingSchematic.schematic_rail_clear(),
+                )
+            ),
+            text_formatter=_format_attr_distance("railing_diameter"),
+        ),
+        DimensionGizmoConfig(
+            attr_name="clear_width",
+            axis=(0, 0, 1),  # +Z is the wall-to-rail perpendicular axis under the 3/4 tilt
+            min_value=0.001,
+            visibility_condition=lambda p: p.railing_type == "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL",
+            matrix_position=lambda p: Vector(
+                (
+                    0.0,
+                    GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_RAIL_Y_FRAC,
+                    0.0,
+                )
+            ),
+            schematic_visible_length=0.36,  # 2× default so the call-out survives depth projection
+            text_formatter=_format_attr_distance("clear_width"),
+        ),
+        DimensionGizmoConfig(
+            attr_name="support_spacing",
+            axis=(1, 0, 0),
+            min_value=0.05,
+            visibility_condition=lambda p: (p.railing_type == "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL" and not p.use_manual_supports),
+            matrix_position=lambda p: Vector(
+                (
+                    -GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2
+                    + GizmoRailingSchematic.SCHEMATIC_RAIL_INSET_FRAC,
+                    -0.18,
+                    0.0,
+                )
+            ),
+            # Bare names (not Gizmo…SCHEMATIC_…) because the class is still under construction here.
+            schematic_visible_length=SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC - 2 * SCHEMATIC_RAIL_INSET_FRAC,
+            text_formatter=_format_attr_distance("support_spacing"),
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_element_type(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
+        return tool.Parametric.is_railing(element)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schematic_cache_key(cls, props) -> tuple:
+        """Cache the schematic mesh by ``railing_type`` — proportions are fixed
+        per type, so the bmesh build runs at most twice across a session
+        (once for ``FRAMELESS_PANEL``, once for ``WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL``)
+        rather than once per draw call."""
+        return (props.railing_type,)
+
+    def setup_element_specific_gizmos(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        """Create the WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL-only affordances on the schematic.
+
+        Two static lock glyphs (open/closed) for toggling
+        ``use_manual_supports``: instantiate both and let the per-frame state
+        query pick which one to show. State-aware icons use a static pair
+        rather than a single dynamic gizmo to avoid ``prop_path`` resolution
+        in the render path.
+
+        Plus a cycle-glyph at the rail end that opens the ``terminal_type``
+        popup when clicked.
+        """
+        default_color, highlight_color = self.get_decoration_colors()
+
+        self.lock_open_gizmo, self.lock_closed_gizmo = self.create_icon_gizmo_lock_pair(
+            "bim.toggle_railing_use_manual_supports",
+            open_color=default_color,
+        )
+
+        self.terminal_gizmo = self.gizmos.new("VIEW3D_GT_menu")
+        self.terminal_gizmo.color = default_color
+        self.terminal_gizmo.color_highlight = highlight_color
+        self.terminal_gizmo.use_draw_scale = False
+        self.terminal_gizmo.alpha = 0.8
+        self.terminal_gizmo.target_set_operator("bim.pick_railing_terminal_type")
+
+    def _refresh_element_specific(self, context: bpy.types.Context, mw: "Matrix", props) -> None:
+        """Position and gate the WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL-only gizmos.
+
+        - Lock glyphs: only WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL while editing. Show
+          ``lock_open`` when ``use_manual_supports`` is True, the closed
+          padlock when False ("auto-spacing is locked to support_spacing").
+        - Terminal gizmo: same gating, positioned just past the right rail
+          end so it reads as "configure the rail's end cap".
+        """
+        super()._refresh_element_specific(context, mw, props)
+
+        # ``draw_prepare`` can fire on a freshly recreated GizmoGroup instance
+        # before ``setup_element_specific_gizmos`` has populated the lock /
+        # terminal attributes (Blender 5.x recreates per-region groups on
+        # reload). Bail out cheaply; the next refresh after setup completes
+        # will reposition them correctly.
+        if not hasattr(self, "lock_open_gizmo"):
+            return
+
+        # Single gate for all WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL extras.
+        active = props.is_editing and not props.is_editing_path and props.railing_type == "WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL"
+
+        if not active:
+            self.lock_open_gizmo.hide = True
+            self.lock_closed_gizmo.hide = True
+            self.terminal_gizmo.hide = True
+            return
+
+        billboard_rot = self._frame_billboard_rot
+        view_rotation = self.schematic_view_rotation
+        anchor = self._compute_schematic_anchor(props, mw, billboard_rot)
+
+        # ── Lock glyphs for use_manual_supports ──────────────────────────
+        # Sit just above the wall's bottom line, near the centre of the
+        # schematic — visually grouped with the dimension it controls
+        # (support_spacing) without overlapping the arrow tail below.
+        is_manual = bool(props.use_manual_supports)
+        self.lock_open_gizmo.hide = not is_manual
+        self.lock_closed_gizmo.hide = is_manual
+        lock_local = Vector((0.0, 0.05, 0.0))
+        lock_world = anchor + billboard_rot @ view_rotation @ lock_local
+        lock_matrix = gizmo.billboarded_at(lock_world, billboard_rot, 0.09)
+        self.lock_open_gizmo.matrix_basis = lock_matrix
+        self.lock_closed_gizmo.matrix_basis = lock_matrix
+
+        # ── Terminal-type popup gizmo at the right rail end ──────────────
+        # Pushed well past the right wall edge so the icon doesn't crowd
+        # the wall outline or the bracket attach point. At rail height and
+        # rail depth so it reads as "attached to the rail terminal".
+        self.terminal_gizmo.hide = False
+        terminal_local = Vector(
+            (
+                self.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2 + 0.25,
+                self.SCHEMATIC_MESH_RAIL_Y_FRAC,
+                self.schematic_rail_clear(),
+            )
+        )
+        terminal_world = anchor + billboard_rot @ view_rotation @ terminal_local
+        self.terminal_gizmo.matrix_basis = gizmo.billboarded_at(terminal_world, billboard_rot, 0.18)
+
+    def update_editing_gizmos(
+        self, context: bpy.types.Context, mw: "Matrix", props: "prop.BIMRailingProperties"
+    ) -> None:
+        """Hide the pen gizmo while polyline path-edit is active; reposition the cycle icon.
+
+        The base class shows the pen gizmo whenever ``is_editing`` is False,
+        which is the case during path-edit too. Allowing the user to click
+        through into parametric edit while the polyline mesh is open in EDIT
+        mode mixes two distinct editing states and leaves a stale draft if
+        they cancel out — block the entry point instead. The operator itself
+        is intentionally not guarded (callers via scripting can still invoke
+        it); this is the UX-level enforcement.
+
+        The cycle icon defaults to the editing icon row (next to validate /
+        cancel) via the parent's positioning. We move it to just above the
+        schematic mesh so it reads as "cycle the railing type *shown here*"
+        — associated with the preview the user is interacting with, not a
+        generic editing button at the bottom of the schematic.
+        """
+        super().update_editing_gizmos(context, mw, props)
+        if props.is_editing_path:
+            self.pen_gizmo.hide = True
+
+        if props.is_editing and not props.is_editing_path:
+            billboard_rot = self._frame_billboard_rot
+            view_rotation = self.schematic_view_rotation
+            anchor = self._compute_schematic_anchor(props, mw, billboard_rot)
+            # Comfortably above the mesh top edge so the icon doesn't crowd
+            # the ``thickness`` / ``clear_width`` dimension callouts that
+            # already sit just above the panel/wall.
+            cycle_local = Vector((0.0, self.SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC + 0.25, 0.0))
+            world_pos = anchor + billboard_rot @ view_rotation @ cycle_local
+            # 30% smaller than the editing-icon-row default (0.30 → 0.21):
+            # the cycle is a tertiary affordance compared to pen/validate/cancel.
+            self.cycle_gizmo.matrix_basis = gizmo.billboarded_at(world_pos, billboard_rot, 0.21)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build_schematic_mesh(cls, props) -> "bmesh.types.BMesh":
+        """Build a wireframe preview of the railing in schematic-local coordinates.
+
+        FRAMELESS_PANEL renders as a box whose proportions track the bound
+        properties (height / thickness / spacing); WALL_MOUNTED_HANDRAIL
+        renders as a horizontal tube with two L-shaped supports whose
+        proportions track railing_diameter / clear_width / support_spacing.
+        Both are scaled to fit inside ``[-schematic_box_size, +schematic_box_size]``
+        on each axis so the schematic reads the same regardless of absolute
+        property values.
+
+        The mesh is decorative — clicks land on the labeled sliders, not on
+        the preview geometry. See ``BaseSchematicGizmoGroup`` for the
+        draw-handler lifecycle.
+        """
+        bm = bmesh.new()
+        if props.railing_type == "FRAMELESS_PANEL":
+            cls._build_frameless_panel_schematic(bm, props)
+        else:
+            cls._build_wall_mounted_handrail_schematic(bm, props)
+        return bm
+
+    # Schematic-local half-width of the visible gap between the two panel boxes.
+    # Conveys the "spacing" semantic at a glance — the user sees two pickets
+    # separated by air, with the spacing dimension emerging from that gap.
+    SCHEMATIC_MESH_GAP_HALF_WIDTH = 0.05
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_frameless_panel_schematic(cls, bm: "bmesh.types.BMesh", props) -> None:
+        """Stylised panel: two wireframe boxes with a visible gap between them.
+
+        The box edges sit at the ``SCHEMATIC_MESH_*_FRAC`` positions
+        (matching where the dimension gizmos anchor), so each dimension line
+        visually starts at the geometry feature it measures. Internal
+        proportions are stable across drags — the actual values are shown
+        through the dimension labels, while the schematic communicates
+        which feature each label refers to. The gap between the two boxes
+        (set by ``SCHEMATIC_MESH_GAP_HALF_WIDTH``) gives the "spacing"
+        dimension a real visual referent.
+
+        Edges are tagged on a string layer so hover-highlight can colour
+        the geometric feature being measured: vertical edges → height,
+        depth edges → thickness. The X-aligned edges along the panel
+        width are untagged (they don't correspond to a single dimension).
+        """
+        hw = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2
+        hd = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_DEPTH_FRAC / 2
+        h_top = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC
+        gap = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_GAP_HALF_WIDTH
+
+        layer_name = cls.SCHEMATIC_FEATURE_LAYER_NAME
+        feat_layer = bm.edges.layers.string.get(layer_name) or bm.edges.layers.string.new(layer_name)
+
+        # Edge index → feature tag for one box. Order matches the (a, b)
+        # tuple order below: bottom ring (4) + top ring (4) + verticals (4).
+        edge_tags_per_box = (
+            b"",  # (0,1) bottom-back, X-aligned
+            b"panel_thickness",  # (1,2) bottom-right, Z-aligned
+            b"",  # (2,3) bottom-front, X-aligned
+            b"panel_thickness",  # (3,0) bottom-left, Z-aligned
+            b"",  # (4,5) top-back, X-aligned
+            b"panel_thickness",  # (5,6) top-right, Z-aligned
+            b"",  # (6,7) top-front, X-aligned
+            b"panel_thickness",  # (7,4) top-left, Z-aligned
+            b"panel_height",  # (0,4) vertical back-left
+            b"panel_height",  # (1,5) vertical back-right
+            b"panel_height",  # (2,6) vertical front-right
+            b"panel_height",  # (3,7) vertical front-left
+        )
+
+        # Build two separate wireframe boxes — one on each side of the central
+        # gap. The boxes share the same Y range (0..h_top) and Z range (±hd)
+        # but split the X range so the gap from -gap to +gap stays empty.
+        for x_left, x_right in ((-hw, -gap), (gap, hw)):
+            corners = [
+                bm.verts.new((x_left, 0.0, -hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_right, 0.0, -hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_right, 0.0, hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_left, 0.0, hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_left, h_top, -hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_right, h_top, -hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_right, h_top, hd)),
+                bm.verts.new((x_left, h_top, hd)),
+            ]
+            for tag, (a, b) in zip(
+                edge_tags_per_box,
+                (
+                    (0, 1),
+                    (1, 2),
+                    (2, 3),
+                    (3, 0),  # bottom ring
+                    (4, 5),
+                    (5, 6),
+                    (6, 7),
+                    (7, 4),  # top ring
+                    (0, 4),
+                    (1, 5),
+                    (2, 6),
+                    (3, 7),  # vertical edges
+                ),
+            ):
+                edge = bm.edges.new((corners[a], corners[b]))
+                if tag:
+                    edge[feat_layer] = tag
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_wall_mounted_handrail_schematic(cls, bm: "bmesh.types.BMesh", props) -> None:
+        """Stylised wall-mounted handrail: wall outline, hex tube, two L-brackets.
+
+        Three visual elements convey "rail mounted on a wall":
+
+        - **Wall outline** — a wireframe rectangle in the YZ plane at ``z=0``,
+          extending slightly past the rail ends so the wall reads as a
+          surface the rail is *attached to* rather than a coincident frame.
+        - **Handrail tube** — a hexagonal cross-section extruded along ±X
+          at ``z=+clear_s`` (in front of the wall), at ``y=rail_y``.
+        - **L-shaped brackets** at each rail end — from the rail centreline
+          drop a short distance, then run perpendicular back to the wall
+          plane. Mirrors the standard wall-mount bracket geometry: a
+          horizontal arm holding the rail off the wall, a vertical drop
+          attaching to the rail.
+
+        Like ``_build_frameless_panel_schematic``, the schematic uses fixed
+        proportions so the dimension gizmos' anchor points stay aligned
+        with the geometry features regardless of property values.
+        """
+        half_len = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_WIDTH_FRAC / 2
+        wall_top = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_HEIGHT_FRAC
+        rail_y = cls.SCHEMATIC_MESH_RAIL_Y_FRAC  # rail sits at half wall height
+        radius_s = cls.schematic_rail_radius()
+        clear_s = cls.schematic_rail_clear()
+
+        layer_name = cls.SCHEMATIC_FEATURE_LAYER_NAME
+        feat_layer = bm.edges.layers.string.get(layer_name) or bm.edges.layers.string.new(layer_name)
+
+        # ── Wall outline (rectangle at z=0, slightly wider than the rail) ──
+        # Spans the full schematic height; the rail attaches in the middle,
+        # so the wall reads as "continuing past the rail above and below".
+        # Wall edges stay untagged — they're background context, not a
+        # feature any dimension measures.
+        wall_extra = 0.08
+        wall_x_left = -half_len - wall_extra
+        wall_x_right = half_len + wall_extra
+        wall_corners = [
+            bm.verts.new((wall_x_left, 0.0, 0.0)),
+            bm.verts.new((wall_x_right, 0.0, 0.0)),
+            bm.verts.new((wall_x_right, wall_top, 0.0)),
+            bm.verts.new((wall_x_left, wall_top, 0.0)),
+        ]
+        for a, b in ((0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0)):
+            bm.edges.new((wall_corners[a], wall_corners[b]))
+
+        # ── Handrail tube (hex cross-section in YZ, extruded along X) ──────
+        # Centred on the rail centreline at (±(half_len - rail_inset),
+        # rail_y, +clear_s) — in front of the wall plane at z=0. The tube
+        # is shorter than the wall so the wall visibly extends past it on
+        # both sides; the L-brackets sit at the tube ends, so the leftmost
+        # bracket no longer coincides with the wall's left edge.
+        rail_inset = cls.SCHEMATIC_RAIL_INSET_FRAC
+        rail_x_left = -half_len + rail_inset
+        rail_x_right = half_len - rail_inset
+        segments = 6
+        ring_left, ring_right = [], []
+        for i in range(segments):
+            theta = 2 * math.pi * i / segments
+            dy = math.cos(theta) * radius_s
+            dz = math.sin(theta) * radius_s
+            ring_left.append(bm.verts.new((rail_x_left, rail_y + dy, clear_s + dz)))
+            ring_right.append(bm.verts.new((rail_x_right, rail_y + dy, clear_s + dz)))
+        # All hex-tube edges tagged "rail_tube" so they highlight together
+        # when the railing_diameter dimension is hovered.
+        for i in range(segments):
+            j = (i + 1) % segments
+            e_left = bm.edges.new((ring_left[i], ring_left[j]))
+            e_right = bm.edges.new((ring_right[i], ring_right[j]))
+            e_axial = bm.edges.new((ring_left[i], ring_right[i]))
+            e_left[feat_layer] = b"rail_tube"
+            e_right[feat_layer] = b"rail_tube"
+            e_axial[feat_layer] = b"rail_tube"
+
+        # ── L-brackets at each rail end (rail → drop → wall) ───────────────
+        # Bracket attach points follow the rail ends, so they're pulled
+        # inward by ``rail_inset`` from the wall edges. From the rail
+        # centreline, drop ``bracket_drop`` in Y, then run perpendicular
+        # back to the wall plane (z=0). The L shape reads as a wall-mount
+        # bracket under the 3/4 tilt. Both bracket segments tagged
+        # "bracket" so they highlight when clear_width OR support_spacing
+        # is hovered (both dimensions measure features of the supports).
+        bracket_drop = 0.06
+        for x in (rail_x_left, rail_x_right):
+            v_rail = bm.verts.new((x, rail_y, clear_s))
+            v_corner = bm.verts.new((x, rail_y - bracket_drop, clear_s))
+            v_wall = bm.verts.new((x, rail_y - bracket_drop, 0.0))
+            e1 = bm.edges.new((v_rail, v_corner))
+            e2 = bm.edges.new((v_corner, v_wall))
+            e1[feat_layer] = b"bracket"
+            e2[feat_layer] = b"bracket"
+
+
 class FlipRailingPathOrder(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
     bl_idname = "bim.flip_railing_path_order"
     bl_label = "Flip Railing Path Order"
@@ -510,6 +1139,16 @@ class EnableEditingRailingPath(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         [o.select_set(False) for o in context.selected_objects if o != obj]
         assert obj
         props = tool.Model.get_railing_props(obj)
+
+        # Auto-commit any in-progress parametric draft before switching to
+        # path-edit. ``set_props_kwargs_from_ifc_data`` a few lines below
+        # overwrites props with the pset's stored values — without committing
+        # first, anything the user dragged on a dimension gizmo (height,
+        # diameter, …) would be silently discarded the moment path-edit
+        # starts.
+        if props.is_editing:
+            tool.Parametric.commit_object_draft(obj, "bim.finish_editing_railing")
+
         data = tool.Model.get_modeling_bbim_pset_data(obj, "BBIM_Railing")["data_dict"]
         # required since we could load pset from .ifc and BIMRoofProperties won't be set
         props.set_props_kwargs_from_ifc_data(data)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/slab.py

@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class DumbSlabPlaner:
                 # For instances, a 30 degrees angled extrusion with positive direction has the same extrusion direction as a
                 # -150 degrees angled extrusion with negative direction. The difference lies in the object's rotation.
                 # This means that things can get messy if the user changes the object x angle somehow. We have to figure out an alternative approach.
-                existing_x_angle = obj.rotation_euler.x
+                existing_x_angle = tool.Model.get_existing_x_angle(extrusion)
                 existing_x_angle = 0 if tool.Cad.is_x(existing_x_angle, 0, tolerance=0.001) else existing_x_angle
                 existing_x_angle = 0 if tool.Cad.is_x(existing_x_angle, pi, tolerance=0.001) else existing_x_angle
                 existing_x_angle = 0 if tool.Cad.is_x(existing_x_angle, 2 * pi, tolerance=0.001) else existing_x_angle
@@ -620,6 +620,14 @@ class EnableEditingExtrusionProfile(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
     def _execute(self, context):
         self.unit_scale = ifcopenshell.util.unit.calculate_unit_scale(tool.Ifc.get())
         obj = context.active_object
+
+        # Commit any in-progress parametric (gizmo) draft on this object
+        # before switching to profile-edit. Otherwise the in-memory draft
+        # state is overwritten when the profile mesh is imported below,
+        # silently discarding the user's pending dimension edits.
+        if feature := tool.Parametric.is_object_editing(obj):
+            tool.Parametric.commit_object_draft(obj, feature.finish_op)
+
         element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
 
         body = ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_representation(element, "Model", "Body", "MODEL_VIEW")
@@ -991,3 +999,74 @@ class RecalculateSlab(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
 
         tool.Model.recalculate_walls(walls)
         return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class EnableEditingSlab(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
+    """Open the slab disconnect-access mode. Pure UI toggle: flips
+    ``obj.BIMSlabProperties.is_editing`` so the per-wall disconnect
+    gizmos surface on the slab. ``tool.Ifc.Operator`` base because the
+    parametric framework's universal dispatcher routes through
+    ``tool.Parametric.run_bim_op``, which only accepts that subclass for
+    undo-safe lifecycle. No IFC mutation."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.enable_editing_slab"
+    bl_label = "Edit Slab Connections"
+    bl_description = "Show disconnect icons for every wall clipped to this slab"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def poll(cls, context):
+        obj = context.active_object
+        if obj is None:
+            return False
+        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+        return element is not None and element.is_a("IfcSlab")
+
+    def _execute(self, context):
+        context.active_object.BIMSlabProperties.is_editing = True
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class CancelEditingSlab(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
+    """Close the slab disconnect-access mode."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.cancel_editing_slab"
+    bl_label = "Close Slab Edit"
+    bl_description = "Hide the slab disconnect icons"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def poll(cls, context):
+        obj = context.active_object
+        if obj is None:
+            return False
+        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+        return element is not None and element.is_a("IfcSlab")
+
+    def _execute(self, context):
+        context.active_object.BIMSlabProperties.is_editing = False
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class FinishEditingSlab(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
+    """Close the slab disconnect-access mode. Same body as Cancel — slab
+    edit is a pure UI gate with no IFC draft to commit; the framework
+    requires both ``bim.finish_editing_<name>`` and
+    ``bim.cancel_editing_<name>`` to exist by name convention."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.finish_editing_slab"
+    bl_label = "Finish Slab Edit"
+    bl_description = "Hide the slab disconnect icons"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def poll(cls, context):
+        obj = context.active_object
+        if obj is None:
+            return False
+        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+        return element is not None and element.is_a("IfcSlab")
+
+    def _execute(self, context):
+        context.active_object.BIMSlabProperties.is_editing = False
+        return {"FINISHED"}

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/ui.py

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ from collections.abc import Iterable
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import bpy
+import ifcopenshell.util.unit
 from bpy.types import Panel
 
-import ifcopenshell.util.unit
 import bonsai.bim
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.helper import prop_with_search

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/wall.py

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import mathutils.geometry
 import numpy as np
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
+import bonsai.core.connection
 import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.core.model as core
 import bonsai.core.root
@@ -62,7 +63,6 @@ from bonsai.bim.module.model.decorator import (
     _BBOX_HIGHLIGHT_LINE_WIDTH,
     PolylineDecorator,
     ProductDecorator,
-    _fill_quads_alpha,
     bbox_world_edges,
     draw_polyline_segments,
 )
@@ -108,6 +108,50 @@ def _wall_gizmo_poll_gate(context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
     return True
 
 
+def _resolve_active_partner_pair(
+    context: bpy.types.Context,
+) -> "tuple[bpy.types.Object, bpy.types.Object, ifcopenshell.entity_instance, ifcopenshell.entity_instance] | None":
+    """Return ``(active_obj, partner_obj, active_elem, partner_elem)`` for a
+    selection of exactly two IFC-bound objects with the active one named,
+    else ``None``. Used by every 2-selection gizmo to skip the standard
+    "resolve active + partner + IFC entities" preamble."""
+    active = tool.Blender.get_active_object(is_selected=True)
+    if active is None:
+        return None
+    selected = list(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+    if len(selected) != 2:
+        return None
+    partner = next((o for o in selected if o != active), None)
+    if partner is None:
+        return None
+    active_elem = tool.Ifc.get_entity(active)
+    partner_elem = tool.Ifc.get_entity(partner)
+    if active_elem is None or partner_elem is None:
+        return None
+    return active, partner, active_elem, partner_elem
+
+
+def _slab_connection_gizmo_poll_gate(context: bpy.types.Context, *, require_editing: bool = False) -> bool:
+    """Shared gate for slab-side connection gizmos: exactly 1 IfcSlab
+    selected, not an array child, has at least one wall clipped to its
+    underside. With ``require_editing=True`` additionally requires the
+    slab's parametric edit lifecycle to be active (pen icon clicked) so
+    the gizmo only surfaces after explicit opt-in."""
+    active = tool.Blender.get_active_object(is_selected=True)
+    if active is None:
+        return False
+    if len(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects()) != 1:
+        return False
+    element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(active)
+    if element is None or not element.is_a("IfcSlab"):
+        return False
+    if tool.Blender.Modifier.any_selected_is_array_child():
+        return False
+    if require_editing and not tool.Model.get_slab_props(active).is_editing:
+        return False
+    return any(tool.Wall.iter_slab_wall_connections(element))
+
+
 def _wall_topology_gizmo_poll_gate(context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
     """Tighter gate for wall topology gizmos (merge / join / extend / unjoin
     / fillet): base ``_wall_gizmo_poll_gate`` plus an array-child filter.
@@ -246,6 +290,15 @@ def _resync_walls_after_mutation(objs: Iterable["bpy.types.Object | None"]) -> N
         _maybe_resync_wall_props_from_ifc(obj)
 
 
+def _regenerate_walls(objs: "Iterable[bpy.types.Object | None]") -> None:
+    """Rebuild every wall in ``objs`` from current IFC state — extrusion,
+    openings, and any underside slab clip — so the caller doesn't carry
+    feature-specific dispatch."""
+    for obj in objs:
+        if obj is not None:
+            tool.Model.regenerate_wall(obj)
+
+
 class _CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin:
     """Operator mixin that flushes any in-progress wall parametric drafts in
     the current selection before delegating to the subclass's ``_perform``.
@@ -285,19 +338,29 @@ class UnjoinWalls(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Oper
         _resync_walls_after_mutation(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
 
 
-class UnjoinWallPathConnection(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
-    """Surgical counterpart to `UnjoinWalls`: disconnect the active wall from one
-    specific partner wall, leaving the active wall's other connections intact. The
-    partner is identified by IFC GlobalId — invariant under Blender-object renames,
-    file save/reload, and the undo stack — set on the operator properties by the
-    single-wall unjoin gizmo at click time."""
+class DisconnectElements(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
+    """Disconnect two IFC elements given their GlobalIds — generic dispatcher
+    that infers the connection rel kind via tool.Connection.find_rels and runs
+    the right post-disconnect cleanup:
 
-    bl_idname = "bim.unjoin_wall_path_connection"
-    bl_label = "Unjoin Wall Connection"
-    bl_description = "Disconnect the active wall from a single specific partner wall"
+    - ``"path"`` (IfcRelConnectsPathElements) → removes every rel between
+      the pair (catches both orientations) via remove_connection + recreates
+      both walls + resyncs drafts.
+    - ``"element-top"`` (IfcRelConnectsElements with Description=="TOP") →
+      disconnect_element + regenerate_wall_to_underside on the wall side.
+    - ``"element"`` (other IfcRelConnectsElements) → disconnect_element only.
+
+    Both endpoints by GlobalId so the dispatch survives rename / undo / save.
+    Replaces the previous typed UnjoinWallPathConnection + DisconnectWallSlab
+    operators with one entry-point gizmos and shortcuts can bind to."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.disconnect_elements"
+    bl_label = "Disconnect Elements"
+    bl_description = "Remove the connection between two IFC elements identified by GlobalId"
     bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
 
-    other_wall_guid: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="Other Wall GlobalId")
+    element_a_guid: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="Element A GlobalId")
+    element_b_guid: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="Element B GlobalId")
 
     @classmethod
     def poll(cls, context):
@@ -309,44 +372,54 @@ class UnjoinWallPathConnection(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator,
         return True
 
     def _perform(self, context):
-        active = tool.Blender.get_active_object(is_selected=True)
-        if not active:
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Could not resolve walls for surgical unjoin.")
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        try:
+            elem_a = ifc_file.by_guid(self.element_a_guid) if self.element_a_guid else None
+            elem_b = ifc_file.by_guid(self.element_b_guid) if self.element_b_guid else None
+        except RuntimeError:
+            elem_a = elem_b = None
+        if elem_a is None or elem_b is None:
+            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Could not resolve elements from supplied GlobalIds.")
             return
-        elem_active = tool.Ifc.get_entity(active)
-        if not elem_active:
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Active object is not bound to an IFC entity.")
+        rels = tool.Connection.find_rels(elem_a, elem_b)
+        if not rels:
+            self.report({"ERROR"}, "No connection found between elements.")
             return
-        elem_other = None
-        if self.other_wall_guid:
-            try:
-                elem_other = tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(self.other_wall_guid)
-            except RuntimeError:
-                elem_other = None
-        other = tool.Ifc.get_object(elem_other) if elem_other else None
-        if not elem_other or not other:
-            self.report({"ERROR"}, "Could not resolve walls for surgical unjoin.")
+        # The fillet corner's join with its source walls defines the fillet's
+        # identity — unjoining there would tear down the chord axis reference
+        # without rebuilding the source walls' miter cuts. Deleting the corner
+        # wall is the supported teardown, which cascades back to the source
+        # walls via the connection-cleanup handler.
+        either_is_fillet = tool.Parametric.is_fillet_corner_wall(elem_a) or tool.Parametric.is_fillet_corner_wall(
+            elem_b
+        )
+        if either_is_fillet and any(k == "path" for _, k in rels):
+            self.report(
+                {"INFO"},
+                "Fillet wall path connections can't be unjoined — delete the fillet wall element to remove the corner.",
+            )
             return
-        # Walk the inverse graph for the specific IfcRelConnectsPathElements joining
-        # these two walls and remove only that one. `disconnect_path`'s
-        # (relating, related) mode only inspects `relating.ConnectedTo`, so a single
-        # call misses the rel when it was authored with the opposite orientation.
-        rels = [
-            rel
-            for rel in getattr(elem_active, "ConnectedTo", [])
-            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements") and rel.RelatedElement == elem_other
-        ] + [
-            rel
-            for rel in getattr(elem_active, "ConnectedFrom", [])
-            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements") and rel.RelatingElement == elem_other
-        ]
-        for rel in rels:
-            bonsai.core.geometry.remove_connection(tool.Geometry, connection=rel)
-        # Recreate body+axis on both walls so the mesh state matches the IFC mutation
-        # and stale miter cuts are dropped.
-        tool.Model.recreate_wall(elem_active, active)
-        tool.Model.recreate_wall(elem_other, other)
-        _resync_walls_after_mutation([active, other])
+        path_objs: list[bpy.types.Object] = []
+        for subject, kind in rels:
+            bonsai.core.connection.disconnect_rel(
+                tool.Ifc,
+                tool.Geometry,
+                tool.Model,
+                tool.Connection,
+                subject=subject,
+                kind=kind,
+                elem=elem_a,
+                partner=elem_b,
+            )
+            if kind == "path":
+                obj_a = tool.Ifc.get_object(elem_a)
+                obj_b = tool.Ifc.get_object(elem_b)
+                if obj_a is not None and obj_a not in path_objs:
+                    path_objs.append(obj_a)
+                if obj_b is not None and obj_b not in path_objs:
+                    path_objs.append(obj_b)
+        if path_objs:
+            _resync_walls_after_mutation(path_objs)
 
 
 class ExtendWallsToUnderside(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
@@ -369,7 +442,7 @@ class ExtendWallsToUnderside(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, to
             element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
             if not element:
                 continue
-            if tool.Model.get_usage_type(element) == "LAYER2":
+            if tool.Parametric.is_path_connectable_wall(element):
                 walls.append(obj)
             else:
                 slabs.append(obj)
@@ -390,7 +463,7 @@ class RegenerateWallToUnderside(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         wall_objs = [
             obj
             for obj in tool.Blender.get_selected_objects()
-            if (element := tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)) and tool.Model.get_usage_type(element) == "LAYER2"
+            if (element := tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)) and tool.Parametric.is_path_connectable_wall(element)
         ]
         if wall_objs:
             core.regenerate_wall_to_underside(tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, tool.Model, wall_objs)
@@ -642,9 +715,14 @@ class SplitWall(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operat
 
     def _perform(self, context):
         selected_objs = tool.Model.get_selected_mesh_objects()
+        post_split_walls: list[bpy.types.Object] = []
         for obj in selected_objs:
-            DumbWallJoiner().split(obj, context.scene.cursor.location)
-        _resync_walls_after_mutation(selected_objs)
+            new_obj = DumbWallJoiner().split(obj, context.scene.cursor.location)
+            post_split_walls.append(obj)
+            if new_obj is not None and new_obj not in post_split_walls:
+                post_split_walls.append(new_obj)
+        _resync_walls_after_mutation(post_split_walls)
+        _regenerate_walls(post_split_walls)
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -674,11 +752,13 @@ class MergeWall(_CommitWallDraftsFirstMixin, bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operat
         active_obj = context.active_object
         assert active_obj
         selected_objs = tool.Model.get_selected_mesh_objects()
-        # The merge deletes the second argument when the walls are collinear;
-        # only the first survives, so the resync targets the non-active wall.
-        surviving_obj = next(o for o in selected_objs if o != active_obj)
-        DumbWallJoiner().merge(surviving_obj, active_obj)
-        _maybe_resync_wall_props_from_ifc(surviving_obj)
+        # Active-is-survivor — matches Blender's Ctrl+J / "merge at last"
+        # convention. The first argument survives, the second is consumed,
+        # so the active wall ends up absorbing the other.
+        other_obj = next(o for o in selected_objs if o != active_obj)
+        DumbWallJoiner().merge(active_obj, other_obj)
+        _maybe_resync_wall_props_from_ifc(active_obj)
+        _regenerate_walls([active_obj])
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -745,6 +825,7 @@ class ChangeExtrusionDepth(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
 
         if layer2_objs:
             tool.Model.recalculate_walls(layer2_objs)
+            _resync_walls_after_mutation(layer2_objs)
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -791,7 +872,7 @@ class ChangeExtrusionXAngle(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                 extrusion.Depth = perpendicular_depth
             else:
                 if tool.Model.get_usage_type(element) == "LAYER3":
-                    existing_x_angle = obj.rotation_euler.x
+                    existing_x_angle = tool.Model.get_existing_x_angle(extrusion)
                     existing_x_angle = 0 if tool.Cad.is_x(existing_x_angle, 0, tolerance=0.001) else existing_x_angle
                     existing_x_angle = 0 if tool.Cad.is_x(existing_x_angle, pi, tolerance=0.001) else existing_x_angle
 
@@ -860,6 +941,7 @@ class ChangeExtrusionXAngle(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
 
         if layer2_objs:
             tool.Model.recalculate_walls(layer2_objs)
+            _resync_walls_after_mutation(layer2_objs)
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -882,6 +964,7 @@ class ChangeLayerLength(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         selected_objs = tool.Model.get_selected_mesh_ifc_objects()
         for obj in selected_objs:
             joiner.set_length(obj, self.length)
+        _resync_walls_after_mutation(selected_objs)
 
 
 class OffsetWalls(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
@@ -1463,7 +1546,7 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
         body = copy.deepcopy(axis1["reference"])
         tool.Model.recreate_wall(element1, wall1)
 
-    def split(self, wall1: bpy.types.Object, target: Vector) -> None:
+    def split(self, wall1: bpy.types.Object, target: Vector) -> "bpy.types.Object | None":
         unit_scale = ifcopenshell.util.unit.calculate_unit_scale(tool.Ifc.get())
 
         element1 = tool.Ifc.get_entity(wall1)
@@ -1484,6 +1567,13 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
         wall2 = self.duplicate_wall(wall1)
         element2 = tool.Ifc.get_entity(wall2)
 
+        # The duplicate inherits wall1's slab-trim boolean chain (copied by
+        # copy_class) but ``BBIM_Boolean.Data`` carries wall1's stale ids, so
+        # ``get_manual_booleans(element2)`` returns empty and the regenerator
+        # rebuilds wall2's body without those clips. Strip them up front so
+        # wall2 starts clean before the axis + placement reshape.
+        tool.Model.strip_underside_booleans(element2)
+
         # Get the ATEND connection from wall1 to use it in wall2
         relating_element = None
         connections = element1.ConnectedTo
@@ -1543,13 +1633,16 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
             r.RelatedOpeningElement for r in list(element1.HasOpenings) if r.RelatedOpeningElement.HasFillings
         ]:
             rel = opening.HasFillings[0]
-            filling = rel.RelatedBuildingElement
-            filling_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(filling)
-            filling_location = filling_obj.matrix_world.translation
-            _, filling_position = mathutils.geometry.intersect_point_line(filling_location.to_2d(), *axis_world_2d)
             min_t, max_t = _opening_axis_extent(opening, axis_world_2d, unit_scale)
+            # Use the opening's axis-projected midpoint to classify the side.
+            # The filling's ``matrix_world.translation`` is flip-fragile —
+            # flipping rotates the filler 180° + translates so the bbox
+            # stays visually in place, moving the door origin to the
+            # opposite corner, which would mis-classify a flipped door
+            # centred over the cut.
+            opening_midpoint = (min_t + max_t) / 2
             void_straddles = min_t < cut_percentage < max_t
-            if filling_position > cut_percentage:
+            if opening_midpoint > cut_percentage:
                 # The filling should be moved from element1 to element2.
                 new_opening = ifcopenshell.api.root.copy_class(tool.Ifc.get(), product=opening)
                 new_opening.VoidsElements[0].RelatingBuildingElement = element2
@@ -1564,13 +1657,16 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
 
                 rel.RelatingOpeningElement = new_opening
 
-                # Remove the old opening
-                ifcopenshell.api.feature.remove_feature(tool.Ifc.get(), feature=opening)
-
                 if void_straddles:
                     # Filling moved to element2, but void straddles — add a
-                    # pure-void copy back to element1 so its body still gets cut.
-                    _add_void_copy(element1, new_opening)
+                    # pure-void copy back to element1. Read from the original
+                    # ``opening`` whose ObjectPlacement still references
+                    # element1; ``new_opening`` was rebound to element2 and
+                    # would copy element2's frame instead.
+                    _add_void_copy(element1, opening)
+
+                # Remove the old opening
+                ifcopenshell.api.feature.remove_feature(tool.Ifc.get(), feature=opening)
             elif void_straddles:
                 # Filling stays on element1, but void straddles — add a pure-void
                 # copy to element2 so its body gets cut.
@@ -1583,6 +1679,7 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
 
         tool.Model.recreate_wall(element1, wall1)
         tool.Model.recreate_wall(element2, wall2)
+        return wall2
 
     def flip(self, wall1: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
         if tool.Ifc.is_moved(wall1):
@@ -1638,7 +1735,14 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
         p2[0] = max(x_ordinates)
         self.set_axis(element1, p1, p2)
 
+        # ConnectedTo / ConnectedFrom carry both ``IfcRelConnectsPathElements``
+        # (the wall-wall joins this loop migrates) and
+        # ``IfcRelConnectsElements`` (the slab underside clip). Only the
+        # path rels expose ``RelatingConnectionType`` / ``RelatedConnectionType``;
+        # the element rels die with element2 via the trailing cascade delete.
         for rel in element2.ConnectedTo:
+            if not rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements"):
+                continue
             ifcopenshell.api.geometry.disconnect_path(
                 tool.Ifc.get(), element=element1, connection_type=rel.RelatingConnectionType
             )
@@ -1651,6 +1755,8 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
             )
 
         for rel in element2.ConnectedFrom:
+            if not rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements"):
+                continue
             ifcopenshell.api.geometry.disconnect_path(
                 tool.Ifc.get(), element=element1, connection_type=rel.RelatedConnectionType
             )
@@ -1662,6 +1768,26 @@ class DumbWallJoiner:
                 related_connection=rel.RelatedConnectionType,
             )
 
+        # Re-host openings from the discarded wall to the survivor before
+        # the cascade delete tears down element2's voids and any filling
+        # that depends on them. ``edit_object_placement`` preserves the
+        # opening's world position when element1 and element2 have
+        # different placements — a ``PlacementRelTo`` swap alone would
+        # shift the opening as the relative offset changes.
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        for rel in list(element2.HasOpenings):
+            opening = rel.RelatedOpeningElement
+            rel.RelatingBuildingElement = element1
+            if opening.ObjectPlacement:
+                world_matrix = ifcopenshell.util.placement.get_local_placement(opening.ObjectPlacement)
+                ifcopenshell.api.geometry.edit_object_placement(
+                    ifc_file,
+                    product=opening,
+                    matrix=world_matrix,
+                    is_si=False,
+                    should_transform_children=False,
+                )
+
         tool.Model.recreate_wall(element1, wall1)
 
         tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object(wall2)
@@ -2458,7 +2584,9 @@ class ExtendWallToCursor(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
             tool.Model,
             context.scene.cursor.location,
         )
-        _resync_walls_after_mutation(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+        affected = list(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+        _resync_walls_after_mutation(affected)
+        _regenerate_walls(affected)
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -2491,6 +2619,7 @@ class ExtendWallHeightToCursor(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         with bpy.context.temp_override(active_object=obj, selected_objects=[obj]):
             bpy.ops.bim.change_extrusion_depth(depth=new_height)
         _maybe_resync_wall_props_from_ifc(obj)
+        _regenerate_walls([obj])
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -3117,6 +3246,12 @@ def regenerate_fillet_corner_wall(element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, obj: bp
     # the banana body. If a neighbour moved, the new placement follows; if
     # neither moved, the new matrix equals the old within floating-point noise.
     _apply_fillet_corner_geometry(ifc_file, obj, geom, wall_a_obj)
+    # The body rebuild swaps the wall's representation, so any prior underside
+    # clip is gone. Re-clip from the surviving TOP rels so an extend-to-slab
+    # applied to a fillet wall isn't silently wiped on the next neighbour
+    # recalc, ChangeExtrusionDepth, or split / merge call site.
+    if tool.Model.has_underside_connection(element):
+        core.regenerate_wall_to_underside(tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, tool.Model, [obj])
 
 
 class EnableWallFilletPreview(bpy.types.Operator):
@@ -3236,6 +3371,19 @@ class CancelWallFilletPreview(bpy.types.Operator):
         props = preview_base.get_preview_props(context, "wall_fillet")
         if props is None or not props.is_active:
             return {"CANCELLED"}
+        # Clear the corner's edit flag so the connection disconnect gizmos
+        # disappear in lockstep with the radius preview when the user
+        # cancels. The id read happens BEFORE clear_preview_state wipes it.
+        corner_id = props.editing_corner_id
+        if corner_id:
+            ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+            if ifc_file is not None:
+                try:
+                    corner_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(ifc_file.by_id(corner_id))
+                except RuntimeError:
+                    corner_obj = None
+                if corner_obj is not None:
+                    tool.Model.get_wall_props(corner_obj).is_editing = False
         preview_base.clear_preview_state(props)
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
@@ -3309,6 +3457,11 @@ class EnableWallFilletPreviewFromCorner(bpy.types.Operator):
         props.radius = float(radius)
         props.editing_corner_id = corner_elem.id()
         props.is_active = True
+        # Flag the corner as "in edit mode" so the wall-side connection
+        # disconnect gizmos surface in parallel with the fillet preview —
+        # one pen-icon click enters BOTH radius retune AND connection
+        # inspection.
+        tool.Model.get_wall_props(corner_obj).is_editing = True
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -3589,7 +3742,7 @@ class GizmoWallExtendVertically(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardin
             return False
         other = next(o for o in selected if o is not active)
         other_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(other)
-        if not other_element or tool.Model.get_usage_type(other_element) != "LAYER2":
+        if not other_element or not tool.Parametric.is_path_connectable_wall(other_element):
             return False
         return True
 
@@ -3855,15 +4008,17 @@ class GizmoWallLinkToggle(gizmo.GizmoLinkToggle, bpy.types.Gizmo):
 
 class GizmoWallUnjoinSingle(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMixin):
     """Activates when exactly one LAYER2 wall is selected. Surfaces an unjoin icon at
-    every join location inferred from the wall's IfcRelConnectsPathElements inverse
-    graph — the single-selection mirror of `GizmoWallJoinIntersection`'s two-wall
-    unjoin state. A wall may participate in many such rels (up to 1 ATSTART + 1 ATEND
-    by end, plus unlimited ATPATH T-junctions), so a pool of icons is preallocated
-    and hidden on a per-frame basis based on the live connection set.
+    every connection location on the wall — wall-wall path connections via
+    IfcRelConnectsPathElements + wall-slab underside clips via IfcRelConnectsElements
+    with Description=="TOP". A wall may participate in many such rels (up to 1 ATSTART
+    + 1 ATEND by end, plus unlimited ATPATH T-junctions, plus one rel per clipped
+    slab), so a pool of icons is preallocated and hidden on a per-frame basis based
+    on the live connection set.
 
-    Each visible icon dispatches `bim.unjoin_wall_path_connection` with the partner
-    wall's GlobalId set on the bound operator properties, so a click removes only
-    the single rel under that icon — the other connections on the same wall survive.
+    Each visible icon dispatches `bim.disconnect_elements` with the active wall +
+    partner element GlobalIds set on the bound operator properties, so a click
+    removes only the single rel under that icon — the other connections on the
+    same wall survive.
 
     Mutually exclusive with `GizmoWallJoinIntersection` via `poll()` (that group
     requires len(selected) == 2; this one requires 1)."""
@@ -3881,10 +4036,25 @@ class GizmoWallUnjoinSingle(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMix
     # creation is forbidden — so the pool must be sized upfront for the worst case.
     POOL_SIZE = 16
     ICON_SCALE = 0.35
+    SLAB_STACK_MAX = 5
+    SLAB_STACK_OFFSET_Z = 0.5
+    # Muted gray used for connection icons that are visible (the connection
+    # exists) but inert (clicking dispatches a no-op + INFO report). Fillet
+    # corner ↔ source-wall joins use this — disconnecting them would tear
+    # down the fillet's chord axis reference, so the supported teardown is
+    # deleting the corner wall instead.
+    LOCKED_COLOR: ClassVar[tuple[float, float, float]] = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
 
     @classmethod
     def poll(cls, context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
-        if not _wall_topology_gizmo_poll_gate(context):
+        # Bypass the shared topology gate's ``any_preview_active`` block —
+        # ``BIMWallProperties.is_editing`` is the real gate for this gizmo
+        # group, and that flag is set both by the regular wall edit lifecycle
+        # AND by the fillet preview entry (so a fillet corner under preview
+        # surfaces its connections in parallel with the radius drag).
+        if not tool.Blender.are_viewport_gizmos_enabled():
+            return False
+        if tool.Blender.Modifier.any_selected_is_array_child():
             return False
         active = tool.Blender.get_active_object(is_selected=True)
         if active is None:
@@ -3902,6 +4072,9 @@ class GizmoWallUnjoinSingle(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMix
 
     def setup(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         default_color, highlight_color = self.get_decoration_colors()
+        # Stashed so per-frame ``_bind_unjoin_icon`` can restore the active
+        # tone when an icon was muted in a previous frame for fillet lock.
+        self._default_unjoin_color = default_color
         # Bind the operator on each pool icon ONCE at setup time and keep the returned
         # OperatorProperties handles. target_set_operator allocates a fresh handle on
         # every call, so calling it from position_gizmos (which fires every redraw
@@ -3911,11 +4084,11 @@ class GizmoWallUnjoinSingle(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMix
         self.unjoin_op_props = []
         for _ in range(self.POOL_SIZE):
             icon = self.setup_icon_gizmo(
-                "VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle", default_color, highlight_color, "bim.unjoin_wall_path_connection"
+                "VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle", default_color, highlight_color, "bim.disconnect_elements"
             )
             icon.hide = True
             self.unjoin_icons.append(icon)
-            self.unjoin_op_props.append(icon.target_set_operator("bim.unjoin_wall_path_connection"))
+            self.unjoin_op_props.append(icon.target_set_operator("bim.disconnect_elements"))
 
     def position_gizmos(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         # Default: hide every pool slot. The visible-set is rebuilt from the live
@@ -3936,15 +4109,28 @@ class GizmoWallUnjoinSingle(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMix
         billboard_rot = gizmo.get_billboard_rotation(context)
         clearance = gizmo.top_down_clearance(context, billboard_rot)
 
-        connections = _get_wall_connections_cached(self, elem)
-        if len(connections) > self.POOL_SIZE and not getattr(self, "_pool_cap_warned", False):
+        path_connections = _get_wall_connections_cached(self, elem)
+        slab_connections = list(tool.Wall.iter_wall_slab_connections(elem))
+        slab_overflow = max(0, len(slab_connections) - self.SLAB_STACK_MAX)
+        if slab_overflow and not getattr(self, "_slab_cap_warned", False):
             print(
-                f"[bonsai] GizmoWallUnjoinSingle: wall has {len(connections)} path connections; "
+                f"[bonsai] GizmoWallUnjoinSingle: wall has {len(slab_connections)} slab "
+                f"connections; only the first {self.SLAB_STACK_MAX} are shown stacked."
+            )
+            self._slab_cap_warned = True
+        slab_connections = slab_connections[: self.SLAB_STACK_MAX]
+        total = len(path_connections) + len(slab_connections)
+        if total > self.POOL_SIZE and not getattr(self, "_pool_cap_warned", False):
+            print(
+                f"[bonsai] GizmoWallUnjoinSingle: wall has {total} connections "
+                f"({len(path_connections)} path + {len(slab_connections)} slab); "
                 f"only the first {self.POOL_SIZE} unjoin gizmos are shown."
             )
             self._pool_cap_warned = True
 
-        for slot_idx, (other_elem, self_ct, other_ct) in enumerate(connections):
+        slot_idx = 0
+        self_is_fillet = tool.Parametric.is_fillet_corner_wall(elem)
+        for other_elem, self_ct, other_ct in path_connections:
             if slot_idx >= self.POOL_SIZE:
                 break
             other_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(other_elem)
@@ -3955,20 +4141,224 @@ class GizmoWallUnjoinSingle(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, _WallGeomCachedBillboardingMix
                 continue
             seg_other = _wall_axis_world_segment_from_geom(other_obj, other_geom)
             location = tool.Wall.path_connection_location_world(seg_self, self_ct, seg_other, other_ct)
+            is_locked = self_is_fillet or tool.Parametric.is_fillet_corner_wall(other_elem)
+            self._bind_unjoin_icon(
+                slot_idx, location + clearance, billboard_rot, elem, other_elem, other_obj, is_locked=is_locked
+            )
+            slot_idx += 1
+
+        for stack_idx, (slab_elem, _rel) in enumerate(slab_connections):
+            if slot_idx >= self.POOL_SIZE:
+                break
+            slab_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(slab_elem)
+            if slab_obj is None:
+                continue
+            location = tool.Wall.wall_slab_connection_location_world(wall_obj, slab_obj)
+            if location is None:
+                continue
+            # Stack vertically so each slab gets a distinct clickable icon;
+            # hover-highlight then shows the user which slab they're about to
+            # disconnect from.
+            stacked = location + Vector((0.0, 0.0, stack_idx * self.SLAB_STACK_OFFSET_Z))
+            self._bind_unjoin_icon(slot_idx, stacked + clearance, billboard_rot, elem, slab_elem, slab_obj)
+            slot_idx += 1
+
+    def _bind_unjoin_icon(
+        self, slot_idx, location, billboard_rot, active_elem, partner_elem, partner_obj, *, is_locked=False
+    ):
+        """Place + bind one pool icon to a (active, partner) GlobalId pair.
+
+        Only the GlobalId properties are rewritten per frame; the operator
+        binding itself is the long-lived handle set up at setup() time. GlobalId
+        (not Blender object name) keeps the binding stable across renames, file
+        save/reload, and any sit-in-the-undo-stack interlude between dispatch
+        and execute. The partner Blender object is mirrored onto the icon for
+        its hover-outline draw, since the Gizmo API exposes
+        ``target_set_operator`` but no symmetric reader.
+
+        ``is_locked=True`` (fillet corner involvement) writes a muted color
+        instead of the active tone; the GUIDs still propagate so the bound
+        operator can surface a friendly INFO report on click."""
+        icon = self.unjoin_icons[slot_idx]
+        icon.matrix_basis = gizmo.billboarded_at(location, billboard_rot, scale=self.ICON_SCALE)
+        icon.hide = False
+        icon.color = self.LOCKED_COLOR if is_locked else self._default_unjoin_color
+        self.unjoin_op_props[slot_idx].element_a_guid = active_elem.GlobalId
+        self.unjoin_op_props[slot_idx].element_b_guid = partner_elem.GlobalId
+        icon.partner_obj = partner_obj
+
+
+class GizmoSlabUnjoinWalls(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BillboardingGizmoGroupMixin):
+    """Slab-side mirror of GizmoWallUnjoinSingle: when exactly one IfcSlab is
+    selected and at least one wall is clipped to its underside, surface an
+    unjoin icon at each connection point. The icons resolve at the same
+    world location as the wall-side gizmo (via the symmetric
+    tool.Wall.wall_slab_connection_location_world) so the same connection
+    has a single visual marker reachable from either selection.
+
+    Each visible icon dispatches bim.disconnect_elements with the slab +
+    wall GlobalIds, so a click removes the single rel under that icon and
+    re-clips the wall to whatever remaining slabs it's connected to."""
+
+    bl_idname = "OBJECT_GGT_bim_slab_unjoin_walls"
+    bl_label = "Slab Unjoin Walls Gizmo"
+    bl_space_type = "VIEW_3D"
+    bl_region_type = "WINDOW"
+    bl_options = {"3D", "PERSISTENT"}
+
+    POOL_SIZE = 16
+    ICON_SCALE = 0.35
+
+    @classmethod
+    def poll(cls, context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
+        return _slab_connection_gizmo_poll_gate(context, require_editing=True)
+
+    def setup(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        default_color, highlight_color = self.get_decoration_colors()
+        self.unjoin_icons = []
+        self.unjoin_op_props = []
+        for _ in range(self.POOL_SIZE):
+            icon = self.setup_icon_gizmo(
+                "VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle", default_color, highlight_color, "bim.disconnect_elements"
+            )
+            icon.hide = True
+            self.unjoin_icons.append(icon)
+            self.unjoin_op_props.append(icon.target_set_operator("bim.disconnect_elements"))
+
+    def position_gizmos(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        for icon in self.unjoin_icons:
+            icon.hide = True
+
+        selected = list(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+        if len(selected) != 1:
+            return
+        slab_obj = selected[0]
+        slab_elem = tool.Ifc.get_entity(slab_obj)
+        if slab_elem is None:
+            return
+
+        billboard_rot = gizmo.get_billboard_rotation(context)
+        clearance = gizmo.top_down_clearance(context, billboard_rot)
+        connections = list(tool.Wall.iter_slab_wall_connections(slab_elem))
+        if len(connections) > self.POOL_SIZE and not getattr(self, "_pool_cap_warned", False):
+            print(
+                f"[bonsai] GizmoSlabUnjoinWalls: slab has {len(connections)} wall connections; "
+                f"only the first {self.POOL_SIZE} unjoin gizmos are shown."
+            )
+            self._pool_cap_warned = True
+
+        slot_idx = 0
+        for wall_elem, _rel in connections:
+            if slot_idx >= self.POOL_SIZE:
+                break
+            wall_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(wall_elem)
+            if wall_obj is None:
+                continue
+            location = tool.Wall.wall_slab_connection_location_world(wall_obj, slab_obj)
+            if location is None:
+                continue
             icon = self.unjoin_icons[slot_idx]
             icon.matrix_basis = gizmo.billboarded_at(location + clearance, billboard_rot, scale=self.ICON_SCALE)
             icon.hide = False
-            # Only the partner-GlobalId property is rewritten per frame; the operator
-            # binding itself is the long-lived handle set up at setup() time. GlobalId
-            # (not Blender object name) keeps the binding stable across renames, file
-            # save/reload, and any sit-in-the-undo-stack interlude between dispatch
-            # and execute.
-            self.unjoin_op_props[slot_idx].other_wall_guid = other_elem.GlobalId
-            # Mirror the partner reference onto the icon itself so its draw()
-            # can outline the partner on hover without a Gizmo-side getter on
-            # the bound operator (the API exposes target_set_operator with
-            # no symmetric reader).
-            icon.partner_obj = other_obj
+            self.unjoin_op_props[slot_idx].element_a_guid = slab_elem.GlobalId
+            self.unjoin_op_props[slot_idx].element_b_guid = wall_elem.GlobalId
+            icon.partner_obj = wall_obj
+            slot_idx += 1
+
+
+class GizmoSlabEdition(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BaseParametricGizmoGroup):
+    """Pen / validate / cancel triad for slab disconnect-access mode.
+
+    Polls on a single IfcSlab with at least one wall clipped to its underside.
+    Pen routes through the universal ``bim.enable_editing_parametric``
+    dispatcher; finish + cancel both clear ``is_editing`` (no IFC mutation —
+    the framework requires the triad to exist by name convention even for a
+    pure UI gate). ESC, the red-coloured cancel icon, mutual exclusion with
+    other active parametric edits, gizmo prefs gating — all handled by the
+    base class."""
+
+    bl_idname = "OBJECT_GGT_bim_slab_edition"
+    bl_label = "Slab Editing Gizmo"
+    bl_space_type = "VIEW_3D"
+    bl_region_type = "WINDOW"
+    bl_options = {"3D", "PERSISTENT"}
+
+    enable_editing_operator = "bim.enable_editing_slab"
+    finish_editing_operator = "bim.finish_editing_slab"
+    cancel_editing_operator = "bim.cancel_editing_slab"
+    cycle_type_operator = ""
+
+    props_getter = tool.Model.get_slab_props
+    gizmo_pref_name = "slab"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_element_type(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
+        return tool.Parametric.is_slab(element) and any(tool.Wall.iter_slab_wall_connections(element))
+
+
+class GizmoPairDisconnect(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BillboardingGizmoGroupMixin):
+    """Surfaces a disconnect icon when exactly 2 IFC elements are selected
+    and they share a supported rel — currently the wall + slab pair joined
+    by an ``IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP)``. Click dispatches
+    ``bim.disconnect_elements`` with both GlobalIds. For wall-wall pairs,
+    ``GizmoWallJoinIntersection``'s unjoin icon already exposes the same
+    affordance via ``bim.unjoin_walls``."""
+
+    bl_idname = "OBJECT_GGT_bim_pair_disconnect"
+    bl_label = "Disconnect Pair Gizmo"
+    bl_space_type = "VIEW_3D"
+    bl_region_type = "WINDOW"
+    bl_options = {"3D", "PERSISTENT"}
+
+    ICON_SCALE = 0.35
+
+    @classmethod
+    def poll(cls, context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
+        selected = list(tool.Blender.get_selected_objects())
+        if len(selected) != 2:
+            return False
+        if tool.Blender.Modifier.any_selected_is_array_child():
+            return False
+        elem_a = tool.Ifc.get_entity(selected[0])
+        elem_b = tool.Ifc.get_entity(selected[1])
+        if elem_a is None or elem_b is None:
+            return False
+        rels = tool.Connection.find_rels(elem_a, elem_b)
+        return any(kind == "element-top" for _, kind in rels)
+
+    def setup(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        default_color, highlight_color = self.get_decoration_colors()
+        self.disconnect_icon = self.setup_icon_gizmo(
+            "VIEW3D_GT_wall_link_toggle", default_color, highlight_color, "bim.disconnect_elements"
+        )
+        self.disconnect_icon.hide = True
+        self.disconnect_op = self.disconnect_icon.target_set_operator("bim.disconnect_elements")
+
+    def position_gizmos(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        self.disconnect_icon.hide = True
+        pair = _resolve_active_partner_pair(context)
+        if pair is None:
+            return
+        active, partner_obj, active_elem, partner_elem = pair
+        # Helper expects wall + slab regardless of which the user marked active.
+        if active_elem.is_a("IfcWall"):
+            wall_obj, slab_obj = active, partner_obj
+        elif partner_elem.is_a("IfcWall"):
+            wall_obj, slab_obj = partner_obj, active
+        else:
+            return
+        location = tool.Wall.wall_slab_connection_location_world(wall_obj, slab_obj)
+        if location is None:
+            return
+        billboard_rot = gizmo.get_billboard_rotation(context)
+        clearance = gizmo.top_down_clearance(context, billboard_rot)
+        self.disconnect_icon.matrix_basis = gizmo.billboarded_at(
+            location + clearance, billboard_rot, scale=self.ICON_SCALE
+        )
+        self.disconnect_icon.hide = False
+        self.disconnect_op.element_a_guid = active_elem.GlobalId
+        self.disconnect_op.element_b_guid = partner_elem.GlobalId
+        self.disconnect_icon.partner_obj = partner_obj
 
 
 class GizmoWallFilletPreview(bpy.types.GizmoGroup, gizmo.BillboardingGizmoGroupMixin):
@@ -4468,7 +4858,7 @@ class WallGizmoPreviewDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
         ],
         color_rgb: tuple[float, float, float],
     ) -> None:
-        _fill_quads_alpha(context, quads, color_rgb, self.QUAD_ALPHA)
+        tool.Blender.draw_quads(context, quads, fill_color=(*color_rgb, self.QUAD_ALPHA))
 
     @staticmethod
     def _wall_floor_quad(mw: Matrix, x0: float, x1: float, y0: float, y1: float) -> tuple[

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/model/workspace.py

@@ -963,7 +963,11 @@ class EditObjectUI:
 
     @classmethod
     def draw_regen_operations(cls, row, ui_context):
-        if AuthoringData.data["is_regenable_element"]:
+        # ``AuthoringData.load`` flips ``is_loaded`` at entry as a recursion
+        # guard, so a partial load (any computation along the way raising)
+        # leaves the tail keys unset. ``.get()`` keeps the header draw alive
+        # until the underlying failure is investigated.
+        if AuthoringData.data.get("is_regenable_element"):
             row = cls.layout.row(align=True) if ui_context != "TOOL_HEADER" else row
             add_layout_hotkey_operator(row, "Regen", "S_G", "Recalculate Element Geometry", ui_context)
 
@@ -1317,7 +1321,7 @@ class Hotkey(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                 bpy.ops.bim.recalculate_profile()
         elif self.active_class in ("IfcWindow", "IfcWindowStandardCase", "IfcDoor", "IfcDoorStandardCase"):
             bpy.ops.bim.recalculate_fill()
-        elif self.active_class in ("IfcSpace"):
+        elif self.active_class in ("IfcSpace",):
             bpy.ops.bim.generate_space()
 
     def hotkey_S_M(self):

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/nest/decorator.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import blf
 import bpy
 import gpu
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
-from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras import view3d_utils
 from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Vector
@@ -28,12 +27,6 @@ from mathutils import Vector
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 
 
-def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-    color = [i for i in color]
-    color[3] = alpha
-    return color
-
-
 def create_bounding_box(objs):
     # Initialize the bounding box coordinates
     min_x, min_y, min_z = float("inf"), float("inf"), float("inf")
@@ -79,26 +72,8 @@ def create_bounding_box(objs):
     return indices, edges
 
 
-class NestDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_nest, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
+class NestDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_method = "draw_nest"
 
     def dotted_line_shader(self):
         vert_out = gpu.types.GPUStageInterfaceInfo("my_interface")
@@ -154,14 +129,6 @@ class NestDecorator:
         shader.uniform_float("u_Scale", 25)
         batch.draw(shader)
 
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
-
     def draw_nest(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         props = tool.Nest.get_nest_props()
         if props.in_nest_mode:
@@ -226,35 +193,11 @@ class NestDecorator:
             self.draw_custom_batch(line, decorator_color_unselected)
 
 
-class NestModeDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_nest_name, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL"))
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_nest_empty, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class NestModeDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_nest_name", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw_nest_empty", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_nest_name(self, context):
         if context.mode == "EDIT_MESH":

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/patch/__init__.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import bpy
 from . import operator, prop, ui
 
 classes = (
+    operator.AddIfcPatchPreset,
     operator.ExecuteIfcPatch,
     operator.ExtractSelectedElements,
     operator.RunMigratePatch,
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ classes = (
     operator.SelectIfcPatchOutput,
     operator.UpdateIfcPatchArguments,
     prop.BIMPatchProperties,
+    ui.BIM_MT_ifc_patch_presets,
     ui.BIM_PT_patch,
 )
 

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/patch/operator.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 import bpy
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcpatch
+from bl_operators.presets import AddPresetBase
 from bpy_extras.io_utils import ExportHelper, ImportHelper
 
 import bonsai.bim.handler
@@ -77,6 +78,27 @@ class ExecuteIfcPatch(bpy.types.Operator):
             return False
         return True
 
+    def invoke(self, context, event):
+        # Migrating IFC4 → IFC2X3 is lossy (enum drops, IFC4-only classes
+        # become IfcBuildingElementProxy, tessellated meshes get rebuilt as
+        # IfcFacetedBrep). Confirm before running so the user knows.
+        if tool.Patch.migration_is_lossy_downgrade():
+            return context.window_manager.invoke_props_dialog(self, width=480)
+        return self.execute(context)
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        layout.label(text="Downgrading to IFC2X3 is lossy.", icon="ERROR")
+        column = layout.column(align=True)
+        column.label(text="Geometry will be preserved as faithfully as possible:")
+        column.label(text="• IfcIndexedPolyCurve → IfcPolyline (arcs approximated by chords)")
+        column.label(text="• IfcPolygonalFaceSet / IfcTriangulatedFaceSet → IfcFacetedBrep")
+        column.separator()
+        column.label(text="The following information is lost:")
+        column.label(text="• IFC4-only classes (IfcLamp, IfcPipeSegment, …) → IfcBuildingElementProxy")
+        column.label(text="• PredefinedType enum values absent from IFC2X3 are dropped")
+        column.label(text="  (original class + enum saved as ObjectType, e.g. 'IfcLamp/COMPACTFLUORESCENT')")
+
     def execute(self, context):
         props = tool.Patch.get_patch_props()
         recipe_name = props.ifc_patch_recipes
@@ -224,3 +246,38 @@ class ExtractSelectedElements(bpy.types.Operator):
         query = tool.Search.get_query_for_selected_elements()
         props.ifc_patch_args_attr[0].string_value = query
         return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class AddIfcPatchPreset(AddPresetBase, bpy.types.Operator):
+    """Save / remove ifc-patch argument presets, scoped per recipe.
+
+    Presets live in the standard Blender preset directory under
+    ``bonsai/ifc_patch/<recipe>/`` so a preset created for ``ExtractElements``
+    does not pollute the preset list for ``Migrate``. Persistence across files
+    and sessions is inherited from Blender's preset system."""
+
+    bl_idname = "bim.add_ifc_patch_preset"
+    bl_label = "Add IFC Patch Preset"
+    preset_menu = "BIM_MT_ifc_patch_presets"
+    preset_defines = ["props = bpy.context.scene.BIMPatchProperties"]
+
+    @property
+    def preset_subdir(self) -> str:
+        return tool.Patch.get_preset_subdir()
+
+    @property
+    def preset_values(self) -> list[str]:
+        # `Attribute.get_value_name()` returns the storage field for the
+        # argument's data_type (string_value, bool_value, …). For file
+        # arguments it returns the wrapping PointerProperty (`filepath_value`)
+        # — the scalar path the preset needs is `.single_file` on that.
+        props = tool.Patch.get_patch_props()
+        values = []
+        for i, arg in enumerate(props.ifc_patch_args_attr):
+            field = arg.get_value_name()
+            if not field:
+                continue
+            if arg.data_type == "file":
+                field = f"{field}.single_file"
+            values.append(f"props.ifc_patch_args_attr[{i}].{field}")
+        return values

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/patch/prop.py

@@ -71,6 +71,15 @@ def get_ifcpatch_recipes(self: "BIMPatchProperties", context: bpy.types.Context)
 
 def update_ifc_patch_recipe(self: "BIMPatchProperties", context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
     bpy.ops.bim.update_ifc_patch_arguments(recipe=self.ifc_patch_recipes)
+    # Blender's script.execute_preset mutates the menu class's bl_label to
+    # the loaded preset's display name (used as a "currently selected"
+    # indicator). The label persists across recipe changes — making the new
+    # recipe's menu falsely show the previous recipe's preset name. Reset
+    # the label to the menu's canonical title so it always matches the
+    # active recipe's preset list.
+    menu_cls = getattr(bpy.types, "BIM_MT_ifc_patch_presets", None)
+    if menu_cls is not None:
+        menu_cls.bl_label = "IFC Patch Presets"
 
 
 class BIMPatchProperties(PropertyGroup):

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/patch/ui.py

@@ -29,6 +29,20 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bonsai.bim.prop import Attribute
 
 
+class BIM_MT_ifc_patch_presets(bpy.types.Menu):
+    """Lists ifc-patch presets for the currently selected recipe.
+
+    ``preset_subdir`` is resolved per draw so switching recipes swaps the
+    preset list without re-registering the menu."""
+
+    bl_label = "IFC Patch Presets"
+    preset_operator = "script.execute_preset"
+
+    def draw(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        self.preset_subdir = tool.Patch.get_preset_subdir()
+        bpy.types.Menu.draw_preset(self, context)
+
+
 class BIM_PT_patch(bpy.types.Panel):
     bl_label = "Patch"
     bl_idname = "BIM_PT_patch"
@@ -66,6 +80,11 @@ class BIM_PT_patch(bpy.types.Panel):
                 row.operator("bim.patch_query_from_selected", text="", icon="EYEDROPPER")
 
         if props.ifc_patch_args_attr:
+            preset_row = layout.row(heading="Preset", align=True)
+            preset_row.menu("BIM_MT_ifc_patch_presets", text=BIM_MT_ifc_patch_presets.bl_label)
+            preset_row.operator("bim.add_ifc_patch_preset", text="", icon="ADD")
+            preset_row.operator("bim.add_ifc_patch_preset", text="", icon="REMOVE").remove_active = True
+
             draw_callback = draw_callback_ if props.ifc_patch_recipes == "ExtractElements" else None
             draw_attributes(props.ifc_patch_args_attr, layout, callback=draw_callback)
 

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/project/__init__.py

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import bpy
 
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+
 from . import decorator, gizmo, operator, prop, ui, workspace
 
 classes = (
@@ -30,7 +32,9 @@ classes = (
     operator.BIM_FH_import_ifc,
     operator.BIM_OT_apply_pending_opening_cuts,
     operator.BIM_OT_dismiss_multi_instance_warning,
+    operator.BIM_OT_dismiss_pending_array_repair,
     operator.BIM_OT_dismiss_pending_opening_cuts,
+    operator.BIM_OT_select_pending_array_repair,
     operator.BIM_OT_select_pending_opening_cuts,
     operator.BIM_OT_load_clipping_planes,
     operator.BIM_OT_save_clipping_planes,
@@ -56,6 +60,8 @@ classes = (
     operator.LinkIfc,
     operator.LoadBlendMetadataAndIFC,
     operator.LoadLink,
+    operator.AutosavePrompt,
+    operator.LoadAutosavedRecoveryPopup,
     operator.LoadLinkedProject,
     operator.LoadProject,
     operator.LoadProjectElements,
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@ classes = (
     prop.FilterCategory,
     prop.Link,
     prop.EditedObj,
+    prop.PendingArrayRepair,
     prop.PendingOpeningRecut,
     prop.BIMProjectProperties,
     prop.MeasureToolSettings,
@@ -133,6 +140,7 @@ def register():
 def unregister():
     if not bpy.app.background:
         bpy.utils.unregister_tool(workspace.ExploreTool)
+    tool.Autosave.cancel_timer()
     del bpy.types.Scene.BIMProjectProperties
     del bpy.types.Scene.MeasureToolSettings
     bpy.app.handlers.load_post.remove(decorator.toggle_decorations_on_load)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/project/data.py

@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ class ProjectLibraryData:
         library_file = IfcStore.library_file
         if library_file is None or library_file.schema == "IFC2X3":
             return results
-        project = library_file.by_type("IfcProject")[0]
-        results.append((str(project.id()), f"IfcProject {project.Name or 'Unnamed'}", project.Description or ""))
+        root = tool.Project.get_root_context(library_file)
+        results.append((str(root.id()), f"{root.is_a()} {root.Name or 'Unnamed'}", root.Description or ""))
         for library_id, data in cls.data["project_libraries"].items():
             results.append((str(library_id), data["Name"] or "Unnamed", data["Description"] or ""))
         return results

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/project/decorator.py

@@ -42,12 +42,6 @@ def toggle_decorations_on_load(*args):
     # as queried object is linked from separate .blend file.
 
 
-def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-    color = [i for i in color]
-    color[3] = alpha
-    return color
-
-
 class ProjectDecorator:
     installed = None
 
@@ -80,11 +74,6 @@ class ProjectDecorator:
         unselected_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_unselected
         special_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special
 
-        def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-            color = [i for i in color]
-            color[3] = alpha
-            return color
-
         gpu.state.point_size_set(6)
         gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
 
@@ -110,7 +99,9 @@ class ProjectDecorator:
 
         if geom.selected_edges:
             self.draw_batch("LINES", selected_vertices, selected_elements_color, geom.selected_edges)
-            self.draw_batch("TRIS", selected_vertices, transparent_color(selected_elements_color), geom.selected_tris)
+            self.draw_batch(
+                "TRIS", selected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(selected_elements_color), geom.selected_tris
+            )
 
 
 class ClippingPlaneDecorator:
@@ -145,11 +136,6 @@ class ClippingPlaneDecorator:
         unselected_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_unselected
         special_elements_color = self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special
 
-        def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-            color = [i for i in color]
-            color[3] = alpha
-            return color
-
         gpu.state.point_size_set(6)
         gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
 
@@ -210,37 +196,21 @@ class ClippingPlaneDecorator:
 
             if unselected_edges:
                 self.draw_batch("LINES", unselected_vertices, special_elements_color, unselected_edges)
-                self.draw_batch("TRIS", unselected_vertices, transparent_color(special_elements_color), unselected_tris)
+                self.draw_batch(
+                    "TRIS", unselected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(special_elements_color), unselected_tris
+                )
             if selected_edges:
                 self.draw_batch("LINES", selected_vertices, selected_elements_color, selected_edges)
-                self.draw_batch("TRIS", selected_vertices, transparent_color(selected_elements_color), selected_tris)
+                self.draw_batch(
+                    "TRIS", selected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(selected_elements_color), selected_tris
+                )
 
 
-class MeasureDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(
-            SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_measurements_text, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL")
-        )
-        cls.handlers.append(
-            SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_measurements_poly, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW")
-        )
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
+class MeasureDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_measurements_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw_measurements_poly", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_measurements_text(self, context):
         PolylineDecorator().select_and_draw_measurements_text(context)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/project/operator.py

@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ class RefreshLibrary(bpy.types.Operator):
         elements = {e for e in elements if not tool.Project.is_element_assigned_to_project_library(e, rels)}
         self.props.add_library_project_library("Unassigned", len(elements), 0, False)
 
-        ifc_project = library_file.by_type("IfcProject")[0]
+        root_context = tool.Project.get_root_context(library_file)
         hierarchy = tool.Project.get_project_hierarchy(library_file)
-        tool.Project.load_project_libraries_to_ui(ifc_project, hierarchy)
+        tool.Project.load_project_libraries_to_ui(root_context, hierarchy)
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
 
@@ -763,7 +763,10 @@ class EditProjectLibrary(bpy.types.Operator):
         previous_parent_library = tool.Project.get_parent_library(project_library)
         new_parent_library = library_file.by_id(int(props.parent_library))
         if previous_parent_library != new_parent_library:
-            if previous_parent_library.is_a("IfcProject"):
+            if previous_parent_library is None:
+                # Edited library was a root in a library-only file; nest it under the new parent.
+                ifcopenshell.api.nest.assign_object(library_file, [project_library], new_parent_library)
+            elif previous_parent_library.is_a("IfcProject"):
                 # Then new one is IfcProjectLibrary.
                 ifcopenshell.api.nest.assign_object(library_file, [project_library], new_parent_library)
             else:  # Previous is IfcProjectLibrary.
@@ -804,9 +807,12 @@ class AddProjectLibrary(bpy.types.Operator):
         props = tool.Project.get_project_props()
         library_file = IfcStore.library_file
         assert library_file
-        project = library_file.by_type("IfcProject")[0]
+        root_context = tool.Project.get_root_context(library_file)
         project_library = ifcopenshell.api.root.create_entity(library_file, "IfcProjectLibrary")
-        ifcopenshell.api.project.assign_declaration(library_file, [project_library], project)
+        if root_context.is_a("IfcProject"):
+            ifcopenshell.api.project.assign_declaration(library_file, [project_library], root_context)
+        else:
+            ifcopenshell.api.nest.assign_object(library_file, [project_library], root_context)
         ProjectLibraryData.load()  # Update enum.
         props.selected_project_library = str(project_library.id())
         props.is_editing_project_library = True
@@ -979,8 +985,10 @@ class LoadProject(bpy.types.Operator, IFCFileSelector, ImportHelper):
         ),
         default=False,
     )
+    skip_autosave_recovery: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"HIDDEN", "SKIP_SAVE"})
     use_detailed_tooltip: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"HIDDEN"})
     filename_ext = ".ifc"
+    skip_recent: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"HIDDEN", "SKIP_SAVE"})
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         filepath: str
@@ -989,6 +997,7 @@ class LoadProject(bpy.types.Operator, IFCFileSelector, ImportHelper):
         use_relative_path: bool
         should_start_fresh_session: bool
         import_without_ifc_data: bool
+        skip_autosave_recovery: bool
         use_detailed_tooltip: bool
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1035,7 +1044,26 @@ class LoadProject(bpy.types.Operator, IFCFileSelector, ImportHelper):
 
         return tooltip
 
+    def check_autosave_recovery(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> set["rna_enums.OperatorReturnItems"] | None:
+        if self.skip_autosave_recovery:
+            return None
+        autosaved_filepath = tool.Autosave.get_newer_autosaved_path(self.get_filepath_abs())
+        if not autosaved_filepath:
+            return None
+        return bpy.ops.bim.load_autosaved_recovery_popup(
+            "INVOKE_DEFAULT",
+            original_filepath=str(self.get_filepath_abs()),
+            autosaved_filepath=autosaved_filepath,
+            is_advanced=self.is_advanced,
+            use_relative_path=self.use_relative_path,
+            should_start_fresh_session=self.should_start_fresh_session,
+            import_without_ifc_data=self.import_without_ifc_data,
+        )
+
     def execute(self, context):
+        if recovery := self.check_autosave_recovery(context):
+            return recovery
+
         if (
             tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences().save_metadata_blend_file
             and self.should_start_fresh_session
@@ -1113,6 +1141,14 @@ class LoadProject(bpy.types.Operator, IFCFileSelector, ImportHelper):
                     f"Error loading IFC file from filepath '{filepath}'. See logs above in the system console for the details.",
                 )
                 return {"CANCELLED"}
+            if not tool.Ifc.get().by_type("IfcProject"):
+                self.report(
+                    {"ERROR"},
+                    "This file contains no IfcProject. It is likely an IFC project library — "
+                    "load it via Project Setup → Project Library → Select Library File instead.",
+                )
+                IfcStore.purge()
+                return {"CANCELLED"}
             props = tool.Project.get_project_props()
             props.is_loading = True
             props.total_elements = len(tool.Ifc.get().by_type("IfcElement"))
@@ -1122,7 +1158,8 @@ class LoadProject(bpy.types.Operator, IFCFileSelector, ImportHelper):
             props.should_save_metadata_for_this_file = metadata_doc is not None
 
             tool.Blender.register_toolbar()
-            tool.Project.add_recent_ifc_project(self.get_filepath_abs())
+            if not self.skip_recent:
+                tool.Project.add_recent_ifc_project(self.get_filepath_abs())
 
             if self.is_advanced:
                 pass
@@ -1135,10 +1172,13 @@ class LoadProject(bpy.types.Operator, IFCFileSelector, ImportHelper):
         except:
             bonsai.last_error = traceback.format_exc()
             raise
+        tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
     def invoke(self, context, event):
         if self.filepath:
+            if recovery := self.check_autosave_recovery(context):
+                return recovery
             return self.execute(context)
         return ImportHelper.invoke(self, context, event)
 
@@ -1236,6 +1276,17 @@ class LoadProjectElements(bpy.types.Operator):
                 f"Apply manually from the Project panel.",
             )
 
+        props.pending_array_repair.clear()
+        if ifc_importer.broken_arrays:
+            for element in ifc_importer.broken_arrays:
+                item = props.pending_array_repair.add()
+                item.ifc_definition_id = element.id()
+            self.report(
+                {"WARNING"},
+                f"{len(ifc_importer.broken_arrays)} array parent(s) reference missing child GUIDs. "
+                f"Inspect from the Project panel.",
+            )
+
         tool.Project.load_default_thumbnails()
         tool.Project.set_default_context()
         tool.Project.set_default_modeling_dimensions()
@@ -1269,6 +1320,11 @@ class LoadProjectElements(bpy.types.Operator):
             if element.IsDecomposedBy:
                 for subelement in element.IsDecomposedBy[0].RelatedObjects:
                     decomposed_elements.add(subelement)
+            # IfcSurfaceFeature (e.g. road markings) adhere to a host element
+            # via IfcRelAdheresToElement, a [1:1] hierarchical relationship in
+            # the same family as aggregation, containment and nesting (IFC4.3).
+            for rel in getattr(element, "HasSurfaceFeatures", ()):
+                decomposed_elements.update(rel.RelatedSurfaceFeatures)
         if decomposed_elements:
             self.append_decomposed_elements(decomposed_elements)
         elements.update(decomposed_elements)
@@ -1397,6 +1453,7 @@ class LinkIfc(bpy.types.Operator, ImportHelper, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                 new.ifc_definition_id = reference.id()
             new.name = filepath
             new.filepath = filepath
+            new.query = self.query
             bpy.ops.bim.load_link(link_index=-1, use_cache=self.use_cache, query=self.query)
 
 
@@ -1467,6 +1524,10 @@ class LoadLink(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
 
     def _execute(self, context):
         self.link = tool.Project.get_project_props().links[self.link_index]
+        # Fall back to the Link's stored query so callers that omit it
+        # still replay the filter the link was created with.
+        if not self.query and self.link.query:
+            self.query = self.link.query
         filepath = Path(tool.Ifc.resolve_uri(self.link.filepath))
         if not filepath.exists():
             self.report({"ERROR"}, f"File does not exist: '{filepath}'")
@@ -1634,13 +1695,36 @@ class ReloadLink(bpy.types.Operator):
     bl_description = "Reload the selected file"
 
     link_index: bpy.props.IntProperty(name="Link Index")
+    query: bpy.props.StringProperty(
+        name="Query",
+        description=(
+            "Custom selector query to use to load element from a linked model. E.g. 'IfcElement'.\n\n"
+            "Default query - IfcElement, but excluding IfcProxy, IfcSpatialStructureElement, IfcSpatialElement, IfcFeatureElement."
+        ),
+    )
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         link_index: int
+        query: str
+
+    def invoke(self, context, event):
+        link = tool.Project.get_project_props().links[self.link_index]
+        self.query = link.query
+        return context.window_manager.invoke_props_dialog(self)
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        assert self.layout
+        self.layout.prop(self, "query", placeholder="IfcElement")
 
     def execute(self, context):
+        link = tool.Project.get_project_props().links[self.link_index]
+        # An unset query means the operator was called without the dialog
+        # (e.g. from a script) - preserve the link's stored query instead
+        # of overwriting it with the empty default.
+        if self.properties.is_property_set("query"):
+            link.query = self.query
         bpy.ops.bim.unload_link(link_index=self.link_index)
-        return bpy.ops.bim.load_link(link_index=self.link_index, use_cache=False) or {"FINISHED"}
+        return bpy.ops.bim.load_link(link_index=self.link_index, use_cache=False, query=link.query) or {"FINISHED"}
 
 
 class ToggleLinkSelectability(bpy.types.Operator):
@@ -1889,6 +1973,7 @@ class ExportIFC(bpy.types.Operator, ExportHelper):
     json_compact: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Export Compact IFCJSON", default=False)
     should_save_as: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Should Save As", default=False, options={"HIDDEN"})
     use_relative_path: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Use Relative Path", default=False)
+    skip_recent: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"HIDDEN", "SKIP_SAVE"})
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         filter_glob: str
@@ -1949,6 +2034,18 @@ class ExportIFC(bpy.types.Operator, ExportHelper):
         return {"FINISHED"}
 
     def _execute(self, context):
+        project_props = tool.Project.get_project_props()
+        project_props.use_relative_project_path = self.use_relative_path
+
+        # Fallback if filepath is not set
+        if not getattr(self, "filepath", None) or self.filepath.strip() in ("", ".ifc"):
+            props = tool.Blender.get_bim_props()
+            if props.ifc_file:
+                self.filepath = str(tool.Blender.ensure_blender_path_is_abs(Path(props.ifc_file)))
+            else:
+                self.report({"ERROR"}, "No filepath available for saving.")
+                return {"CANCELLED"}
+
         committed, failed_commits = tool.Parametric.commit_pending_edits()
         # Previews are session-transient — discard rather than commit. Sibling
         # gizmo polls gate on each preview's is_active flag, and a stuck flag
@@ -2011,7 +2108,8 @@ class ExportIFC(bpy.types.Operator, ExportHelper):
         settings.logger.info("Export finished in {:.2f} seconds".format(time.time() - start))
         print("Export finished in {:.2f} seconds".format(time.time() - start))
         # New project created in Bonsai should be in recent projects too.
-        tool.Project.add_recent_ifc_project(Path(output_file))
+        if not self.skip_recent:
+            tool.Project.add_recent_ifc_project(Path(output_file))
         props = tool.Project.get_project_props()
         if props.use_relative_project_path and bpy.data.is_saved:
             output_file = os.path.relpath(output_file, bpy.path.abspath("//"))
@@ -2045,6 +2143,7 @@ class ExportIFC(bpy.types.Operator, ExportHelper):
             )
 
         bonsai.bim.handler.refresh_ui_data()
+        tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
 
     @classmethod
     def description(cls, context, properties):
@@ -2053,6 +2152,97 @@ class ExportIFC(bpy.types.Operator, ExportHelper):
         return "Save the IFC file.  Will save both .IFC/.BLEND files if synced together"
 
 
+class LoadAutosavedRecoveryPopup(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.load_autosaved_recovery_popup"
+    bl_label = "Recover Autosaved File"
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    original_filepath: bpy.props.StringProperty(options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    autosaved_filepath: bpy.props.StringProperty(options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    is_advanced: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    use_relative_path: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    should_start_fresh_session: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=True, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+    import_without_ifc_data: bpy.props.BoolProperty(default=False, options={"SKIP_SAVE"})
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        layout.label(text="A newer autosaved copy was found:", icon="INFO")
+        layout.label(text=os.path.basename(self.autosaved_filepath))
+        layout.separator()
+        layout.label(text="Do you want to load the autosaved version instead?")
+        layout.label(text="(Cancel will load the original)")
+
+    def invoke(self, context, event):
+        # invoke_props_dialog is modal - unlike invoke_popup/popup_menu, it
+        # isn't dismissed by the mouse simply leaving its bounds. It always
+        # renders both a fixed "Cancel" button and this confirm_text one, so
+        # the question is framed as Yes/Cancel rather than adding separate
+        # Load buttons on top.
+        return context.window_manager.invoke_props_dialog(
+            self, width=420, title="Recover Autosaved File", confirm_text="Yes"
+        )
+
+    def _load(self, filepath: str, skip_recent: bool) -> set["rna_enums.OperatorReturnItems"]:
+        return bpy.ops.bim.load_project(
+            filepath=filepath,
+            skip_autosave_recovery=True,  # Prevent infinite loop
+            is_advanced=self.is_advanced,
+            use_relative_path=self.use_relative_path,
+            should_start_fresh_session=self.should_start_fresh_session,
+            import_without_ifc_data=self.import_without_ifc_data,
+            skip_recent=skip_recent,
+        )
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        result = self._load(self.autosaved_filepath, skip_recent=True)
+        # Re-point tracking at the original path so future saves write back
+        # to it, not "_autosaved.ifc".
+        tool.Ifc.set_path(self.original_filepath)
+        return result
+
+    def cancel(self, context):
+        # Also reached via Escape or a click outside the dialog, not just Cancel.
+        self._load(self.original_filepath, skip_recent=False)
+
+
+class AutosavePrompt(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.autosave_prompt"
+    bl_label = "Autosave Reminder"
+    bl_options = set()
+
+    def invoke(self, context, event):
+        return context.window_manager.invoke_props_dialog(
+            self, width=400, confirm_text="Save", title="Autosave Reminder"
+        )
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        layout.label(text="The autosave timer has expired.", icon="INFO")
+        layout.label(text="Would you like to save your IFC project now?")
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        # Get current IFC path
+        props = tool.Blender.get_bim_props()
+        current_ifc_path = props.ifc_file
+
+        if not current_ifc_path:
+            self.report({"WARNING"}, "No IFC file path set. Please save manually.")
+            tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+
+        # Call save_project with explicit filepath using EXEC_DEFAULT
+        result = bpy.ops.bim.save_project(
+            "EXEC_DEFAULT", filepath=current_ifc_path, should_save_as=False, skip_recent=True
+        )
+
+        tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
+        return result
+
+    def cancel(self, context):
+        tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
+        return {"CANCELLED"}
+
+
 class LoadLinkedProject(bpy.types.Operator, ImportHelper):
     bl_idname = "bim.load_linked_project"
     bl_label = "Load Project For Viewing Only"
@@ -3539,3 +3729,44 @@ class BIM_OT_select_pending_opening_cuts(bpy.types.Operator):
         tool.Blender.set_objects_selection(context, active_object=objects[0], selected_objects=objects)
         self.report({"INFO"}, f"Selected {len(objects)} element(s).")
         return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_select_pending_array_repair(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.select_pending_array_repair"
+    bl_label = "Select Array Parents With Missing Children"
+    bl_description = "Select the Blender objects of array parents whose BBIM_Array.Data references children that don't resolve in the file."
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    def execute(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> set[str]:
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        if ifc_file is None:
+            self.report({"INFO"}, "No IFC file loaded.")
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        objects: list[bpy.types.Object] = []
+        for item in tool.Project.get_project_props().pending_array_repair:
+            try:
+                element = ifc_file.by_id(item.ifc_definition_id)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                continue
+            obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
+            if obj is not None:
+                objects.append(obj)
+        if not objects:
+            self.report({"INFO"}, "No matching Blender objects found for the pending list.")
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+        tool.Blender.set_objects_selection(context, active_object=objects[0], selected_objects=objects)
+        self.report({"INFO"}, f"Selected {len(objects)} array parent(s).")
+        return {"FINISHED"}
+
+
+class BIM_OT_dismiss_pending_array_repair(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "bim.dismiss_pending_array_repair"
+    bl_label = "Dismiss Pending Array Repair"
+    bl_description = (
+        "Clear the pending array-repair list without acting on it. The underlying BBIM_Array.Data stays unchanged."
+    )
+    bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
+
+    def execute(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> set[str]:
+        tool.Project.get_project_props().pending_array_repair.clear()
+        return {"FINISHED"}

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/project/prop.py

@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ def is_editing_project_library_update(self: "BIMProjectProperties", context: bpy
         project_library = library_file.by_id(int(self.selected_project_library))
         self.project_library_attributes.clear()
         bonsai.bim.helper.import_attributes(project_library, self.project_library_attributes)
-        self.parent_library = str(tool.Project.get_parent_library(project_library).id())
+        if parent_library := tool.Project.get_parent_library(project_library):
+            self.parent_library = str(parent_library.id())
         ProjectLibraryData.load()  # Show edit icon in enum.
         return
 
@@ -259,6 +260,11 @@ class Link(PropertyGroup):
         description="STEP ID of the IfcDocumentReference when linked to a parent IFC project. Zero when no parent IFC exists",
         default=0,
     )
+    query: StringProperty(
+        name="Query",
+        description="Selector query used to filter elements when loading the linked model",
+        default="",
+    )
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         name: str
@@ -274,6 +280,7 @@ class Link(PropertyGroup):
         include_in_drawings: bool
         empty_handle: Union[bpy.types.Object, None]
         ifc_definition_id: int
+        query: str
 
 
 class EditedObj(PropertyGroup):
@@ -306,6 +313,17 @@ class PendingOpeningRecut(PropertyGroup):
         ifc_definition_id: int
 
 
+class PendingArrayRepair(PropertyGroup):
+    """One array parent whose ``BBIM_Array.Data`` references at least one
+    child GUID that does not resolve in the current IFC file. The user can
+    select these parents from the Project panel banner to inspect them."""
+
+    ifc_definition_id: IntProperty(name="IFC Definition ID")
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        ifc_definition_id: int
+
+
 class BIMProjectProperties(PropertyGroup):
     is_editing: BoolProperty(name="Is Editing", default=False)
     is_loading: BoolProperty(name="Is Loading", default=False)
@@ -372,6 +390,7 @@ class BIMProjectProperties(PropertyGroup):
         description="Maxium number of openings that object can have. If object has more openings, it will be loaded without openings",
     )
     pending_opening_recut: CollectionProperty(name="Pending Opening Recut", type=PendingOpeningRecut)
+    pending_array_repair: CollectionProperty(name="Pending Array Repair", type=PendingArrayRepair)
     style_limit: IntProperty(
         name="Style Limit",
         default=300,
@@ -538,6 +557,7 @@ class BIMProjectProperties(PropertyGroup):
         angular_tolerance: float
         void_limit: int
         pending_opening_recut: bpy.types.bpy_prop_collection_idprop[PendingOpeningRecut]
+        pending_array_repair: bpy.types.bpy_prop_collection_idprop[PendingArrayRepair]
         style_limit: int
         distance_limit: float
         false_origin_mode: Literal["AUTOMATIC", "MANUAL", "DISABLED"]

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/project/ui.py

@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@ from bpy.types import Menu, Panel, UIList
 import bonsai.bim
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.helper import draw_attributes, prop_with_search
-from bonsai.bim.ifc import IfcStore, is_cache_locked_by_other_process
+from bonsai.bim.ifc import IfcStore
 from bonsai.bim.module.project.data import LinksData, ProjectData
-from bonsai.bim.ui import draw_multiline_text
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bonsai.bim.module.project.prop import (
@@ -167,20 +166,6 @@ class BIM_PT_project(Panel):
         if pprops.is_loading:
             self.draw_advanced_loading_ui(context)
         elif self.file or props.ifc_file:
-            if is_cache_locked_by_other_process():
-                box = self.layout.box()
-                box.alert = True
-                row = box.row(align=True)
-                row.label(text="IFC Already Open in Another Blender Instance", icon="ERROR")
-                row.operator("bim.dismiss_multi_instance_warning", text="", icon="CANCEL")
-                draw_multiline_text(
-                    box.column(align=True),
-                    "This file is open in another Blender instance. Editing the same "
-                    "IFC from two instances at once can lose your work or display "
-                    "outdated geometry. Close the other Blender instances to continue safely.",
-                    context=context,
-                )
-
             if props.has_blend_warning:
                 box = self.layout.box()
                 box.alert = True
@@ -190,21 +175,6 @@ class BIM_PT_project(Panel):
                 op.uri = "https://docs.bonsaibim.org/guides/troubleshooting.html#saving-and-loading-blend-files"
                 row.operator("bim.close_blend_warning", text="", icon="CANCEL")
 
-            if pending := pprops.pending_opening_recut:
-                box = self.layout.box()
-                box.alert = True
-                box.label(text="Opening Cuts Skipped", icon="ERROR")
-                draw_multiline_text(
-                    box.column(align=True),
-                    f"{len(pending)} element(s) had too many openings to cut during load. "
-                    f"Apply to recompute their meshes, or dismiss to leave them as they are.",
-                    context=context,
-                )
-                row = box.row(align=True)
-                row.operator("bim.select_pending_opening_cuts", text="Select Elements", icon="RESTRICT_SELECT_OFF")
-                row.operator("bim.apply_pending_opening_cuts", text="Apply Openings", icon="PLAY")
-                row.operator("bim.dismiss_pending_opening_cuts", text="", icon="CANCEL")
-
             if props.ifc_file:
                 self.draw_loaded_project_ui(context)
             else:

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/spatial/decorator.py

@@ -18,43 +18,17 @@
 
 import blf
 import gpu
-from bpy.types import SpaceView3D
 from bpy_extras.view3d_utils import location_3d_to_region_2d
-from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from mathutils import Vector
 
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 
 
-class GridDecorator:
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
-
-    @classmethod
-    def install(cls, context):
-        if cls.is_installed:
-            cls.uninstall()
-        handler = cls()
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw_text, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_PIXEL"))
-        cls.handlers.append(SpaceView3D.draw_handler_add(handler.draw, (context,), "WINDOW", "POST_VIEW"))
-        cls.is_installed = True
-
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls):
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
-    def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
-        if not tool.Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
-            return
-        shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
-        batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
-        shader.uniform_float("color", color)
-        batch.draw(shader)
+class GridDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_text", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("draw", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
 
     def draw_text(self, context):
         if not tool.Blender.is_addon_enabled():

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/structural/decorator.py

@@ -31,11 +31,17 @@ import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim.module.structural.load_decoration_data import ShaderInfo
 
 
-class LoadsDecorator:
+class LoadsDecorator(tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator):
     """Decorator to show structural loads in 3D"""
 
-    is_installed = False
-    handlers = []
+    # draw_methods exists to satisfy ViewportDecorator.__init_subclass__'s
+    # method-existence check; the override install below is what actually
+    # registers handlers (the POST_VIEW binding passes no context arg, which
+    # the base's generic install cannot express).
+    draw_methods = (
+        ("draw_load_values", "POST_PIXEL"),
+        ("__call__", "POST_VIEW"),
+    )
     decoration_data = None
     text_info = []
     shader_info = []
@@ -54,15 +60,6 @@ class LoadsDecorator:
         cls.update()
         cls.is_installed = True
 
-    @classmethod
-    def uninstall(cls) -> None:
-        for handler in cls.handlers:
-            try:
-                SpaceView3D.draw_handler_remove(handler, "WINDOW")
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        cls.is_installed = False
-
     @classmethod
     def update(cls) -> None:
         cls.decoration_data.update()

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/style/operator.py

@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ class EnableEditingSurfaceStyle(bpy.types.Operator):
         if self.ifc_class == "IfcSurfaceStyleLighting":
 
             def callback(attribute_name: str, _: object, data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-                assert attributes
+                assert attributes is not None
                 color = attributes.add()
                 assert isinstance(color, ColourRgb)
                 color.name = attribute_name
@@ -782,34 +782,40 @@ class EditSurfaceStyle(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
     def _execute(self, context):
         self.props = tool.Style.get_style_props()
         self.style = tool.Ifc.get().by_id(self.props.is_editing_style)
+        prev_update_graph = self.props.update_graph
+        self.props["update_graph"] = False
 
-        style_elements = tool.Style.get_style_elements(self.style)
-        # NOTE: currently this operator is used to edit existing (and only existing) IfcSurfaceStyles
-        # or new or existing IfcSurfaceStyle components (shading, etc)
-        # which is kind of confusing.
-        if self.props.is_editing_class == "IfcSurfaceStyle":
-            self.surface_style = self.style
-        else:
-            self.surface_style = style_elements.get(self.props.is_editing_class, None)
-            self.shading_style = style_elements.get("IfcSurfaceStyleShading", None)
-            self.rendering_style = style_elements.get("IfcSurfaceStyleRendering", None)
-            self.texture_style = style_elements.get("IfcSurfaceStyleWithTextures", None)
+        try:
+            style_elements = tool.Style.get_style_elements(self.style)
 
-        if self.surface_style:
-            result = self.edit_existing_style()
-        else:
-            result = self.add_new_style()
+            # NOTE: currently this operator is used to edit existing (and only existing) IfcSurfaceStyles
+            # or new or existing IfcSurfaceStyle components (shading, etc)
+            # which is kind of confusing.
+            if self.props.is_editing_class == "IfcSurfaceStyle":
+                self.surface_style = self.style
+            else:
+                self.surface_style = style_elements.get(self.props.is_editing_class, None)
+                self.shading_style = style_elements.get("IfcSurfaceStyleShading", None)
+                self.rendering_style = style_elements.get("IfcSurfaceStyleRendering", None)
+                self.texture_style = style_elements.get("IfcSurfaceStyleWithTextures", None)
 
-        if result:
-            return result
+            if self.surface_style:
+                result = self.edit_existing_style()
+            else:
+                result = self.add_new_style()
 
-        tool.Style.disable_editing()
-        core.load_styles(tool.Style, style_type=self.props.style_type)
+            if result:
+                return result
 
-        # restore selected style type
-        material = tool.Ifc.get_object(self.style)
-        msprops = tool.Style.get_material_style_props(material)
-        msprops.active_style_type = msprops.active_style_type
+            tool.Style.disable_editing()
+            core.load_styles(tool.Style, style_type=self.props.style_type)
+
+            # restore selected style type
+            material = tool.Ifc.get_object(self.style)
+            msprops = tool.Style.get_material_style_props(material)
+            msprops.active_style_type = msprops.active_style_type
+        finally:
+            self.props["update_graph"] = prev_update_graph
 
     def edit_existing_style(self) -> None:
         ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
@@ -1231,4 +1237,5 @@ class RemoveSurfaceStyle(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         surface_style = tool.Style.get_style_elements(style)[props.is_editing_class]
         ifcopenshell.api.style.remove_surface_style(ifc_file, surface_style)
         core.disable_editing_style(tool.Style)
+        core.load_styles(tool.Style, style_type=props.style_type)
         return {"FINISHED"}

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/style/prop.py

@@ -185,6 +185,13 @@ class ColourRgb(PropertyGroup):
     # to fit blender.bim.helper.draw_attribute
     is_optional = False
     special_type = ""
+    data_type = ""
+    ifc_class = ""
+    use_explorer_ui = False
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        return self.name
 
     def get_value_name(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return "color_value"

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/style/ui.py

@@ -176,8 +176,30 @@ class BIM_PT_styles(Panel):
         row.prop(self.props, "reflectance_method")
 
         if self.props.reflectance_method not in ("PHYSICAL", "NOTDEFINED", "FLAT"):
-            self.layout.label(text="Supported reflectance methods are:")
-            self.layout.label(text="PHYSICAL / NOTDEFINED / FLAT")
+            self.layout.label(
+                text=f"{self.props.reflectance_method} will be skipped: only PHYSICAL / NOTDEFINED / FLAT are supported",
+                icon="ERROR",
+            )
+        elif self.props.reflectance_method in ("PHYSICAL", "NOTDEFINED"):
+            if self.props.specular_colour_class == "IfcColourRgb":
+                self.layout.label(
+                    text="Metallic color is IFC-only in PHYSICAL/NOTDEFINED and does not affect Blender appearance",
+                    icon="ERROR",
+                )
+        elif self.props.reflectance_method == "FLAT":
+            if self.props.diffuse_colour_class == "IfcNormalisedRatioMeasure":
+                self.layout.label(
+                    text="Emissive ratio is IFC-only in FLAT Reflectance method and does not affect Blender appearance",
+                    icon="ERROR",
+                )
+            self.layout.label(
+                text="Specular value is IFC-only in FLAT Reflectance method and does not affect Blender appearance",
+                icon="ERROR",
+            )
+            self.layout.label(
+                text="Highlight value is IFC-only in FLAT Reflectance method and does not affect Blender appearance",
+                icon="ERROR",
+            )
 
         row = self.layout.row(align=True)
         row.label(text="Emissive" if self.props.reflectance_method == "FLAT" else "Diffuse")
@@ -232,6 +254,8 @@ class BIM_PT_styles(Panel):
         row.operator("bim.add_surface_texture", text="", icon="ADD")
         if textures:
             self.layout.prop(self.props, "uv_mode")
+            if self.props.uv_mode in ("Generated", "Camera"):
+                self.layout.label(text="Not available in SOLID Mode", icon="INFO")
 
         for i, texture in enumerate(textures):
             split = self.layout.split(factor=0.30, align=True)
@@ -244,6 +268,22 @@ class BIM_PT_styles(Panel):
             op_clear = row.operator("bim.remove_texture_map", text="", icon="X")
             op_path.texture_map_index = op_clear.texture_map_index = i
 
+            reflectance = self.props.reflectance_method
+            mode = texture.mode
+            if reflectance == "FLAT":
+                if mode != "EMISSIVE":
+                    self.layout.label(
+                        text=f"{mode} will be skipped: only EMISSIVE is supported for Render Reflectance FLAT",
+                        icon="ERROR",
+                    )
+            elif reflectance in ("PHYSICAL", "NOTDEFINED"):
+                _SUPPORTED = {"DIFFUSE", "NORMAL", "METALLICROUGHNESS", "EMISSIVE", "OCCLUSION"}
+                if mode not in _SUPPORTED:
+                    self.layout.label(
+                        text=f"{mode} will be skipped: not supported for Render Reflectance PHYSICAL/NOTDEFINED",
+                        icon="ERROR",
+                    )
+
     def draw_externally_defined_surface_style(self):
         row = self.layout.row()
         op = row.operator("bim.browse_external_style", icon="APPEND_BLEND", text="Append From Blend File")
@@ -252,10 +292,17 @@ class BIM_PT_styles(Panel):
         bonsai.bim.helper.draw_attributes(self.props.external_style_attributes, self.layout, enable_search=True)
 
     def draw_refraction_surface_style(self):
+        self.layout.label(
+            text="Refraction values are IFC-only and do not affect Blender surface appearance",
+            icon="ERROR",
+        )
         bonsai.bim.helper.draw_attributes(self.props.refraction_style_attributes, self.layout, enable_search=True)
-        row = self.layout.row(align=True)
 
     def draw_lighting_surface_style(self):
+        self.layout.label(
+            text="Lighting values are IFC-only and do not affect Blender surface appearance",
+            icon="ERROR",
+        )
         bonsai.bim.helper.draw_attributes(self.props.lighting_style_colours, self.layout)
 
     def draw_edit_ui(self, edit_label: str):

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/system/decorator.py

@@ -31,12 +31,6 @@ ERROR_ELEMENTS_COLOR = (1, 0.2, 0.322, 1)  # RED
 UNSPECIAL_ELEMENT_COLOR = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1)  # GREY
 
 
-def transparent_color(color, alpha=0.1):
-    color = [i for i in color]
-    color[3] = alpha
-    return color
-
-
 @persistent
 def toggle_decorations_on_load(*args):
     props = tool.System.get_system_props()
@@ -80,7 +74,7 @@ class SystemDecorator:
 
     def draw_faces(self, bm, vertices_coords):
         """Submit a non-mutating beauty-triangulated TRIS batch over ``bm``'s faces."""
-        faces_color = transparent_color(self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special)
+        faces_color = tool.Blender.transparent_color(self.addon_prefs.decorator_color_special)
         tool.Blender.draw_bmesh_face_tris(bm, vertices_coords, faces_color, self.draw_batch)
 
     def __call__(self, context, get_custom_bmesh=None, draw_faces=False, exit_edit_mode_callback=None):
@@ -128,13 +122,15 @@ class SystemDecorator:
         self.shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("UNIFORM_COLOR")
         self.shader.bind()
 
-        self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, transparent_color(unselected_elements_color), unselected_edges)
+        self.draw_batch(
+            "LINES", all_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(unselected_elements_color), unselected_edges
+        )
         self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, selected_elements_color, selected_edges)
         self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, UNSPECIAL_ELEMENT_COLOR, arc_edges)
         self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, special_elements_color, preview_edges)
         self.draw_batch("LINES", all_vertices, special_elements_color, roof_angle_edges)
 
-        self.draw_batch("POINTS", unselected_vertices, transparent_color(unselected_elements_color, 0.5))
+        self.draw_batch("POINTS", unselected_vertices, tool.Blender.transparent_color(unselected_elements_color, 0.5))
         self.draw_batch("POINTS", error_vertices, ERROR_ELEMENTS_COLOR)
         self.draw_batch("POINTS", special_vertices, special_elements_color)
         self.draw_batch("POINTS", selected_vertices, selected_elements_color)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/type/operator.py

@@ -65,10 +65,28 @@ class AssignType(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
             if active_drawing:
                 active_target_view = tool.Drawing.get_drawing_target_view(active_drawing)
 
+        compatible: list[tuple[bpy.types.Object, ifcopenshell.entity_instance]] = []
+        skipped_classes: set[str] = set()
         for obj in related_objects:
             element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
             if not element or not element.is_a("IfcObject"):
                 continue
+            if not tool.Type.is_relating_type_compatible(element, relating_type):
+                skipped_classes.add(element.is_a())
+                continue
+            compatible.append((obj, element))
+
+        if skipped_classes:
+            self.report(
+                {"WARNING"},
+                f"Skipped {', '.join(sorted(skipped_classes))}: not a valid occurrence for " f"{relating_type.is_a()}.",
+            )
+
+        if not compatible:
+            self.report({"ERROR"}, f"No selected object can be typed by {relating_type.is_a()}.")
+            return {"CANCELLED"}
+
+        for obj, element in compatible:
             core.assign_type(tool.Ifc, tool.Model, tool.Type, element=element, type=relating_type)
 
             # Switch to the drawing's target view if available
@@ -376,12 +394,22 @@ class DuplicateType(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         if self.assign_selected_objects:
             selected_objects = tool.Blender.get_selected_objects()
             prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
+            skipped_classes: set[str] = set()
             for selected_obj in selected_objects:
                 selected_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(selected_obj)
-                if selected_element and selected_element.is_a("IfcObject"):
-                    core.assign_type(tool.Ifc, tool.Model, tool.Type, element=selected_element, type=new)
-                    if prefs.occurrence_name_style == "TYPE":
-                        selected_obj.name = tool.Model.generate_occurrence_name(new, selected_element.is_a())
+                if not selected_element or not selected_element.is_a("IfcObject"):
+                    continue
+                if not tool.Type.is_relating_type_compatible(selected_element, new):
+                    skipped_classes.add(selected_element.is_a())
+                    continue
+                core.assign_type(tool.Ifc, tool.Model, tool.Type, element=selected_element, type=new)
+                if prefs.occurrence_name_style == "TYPE":
+                    selected_obj.name = tool.Model.generate_occurrence_name(new, selected_element.is_a())
+            if skipped_classes:
+                self.report(
+                    {"WARNING"},
+                    f"Skipped {', '.join(sorted(skipped_classes))}: not a valid occurrence for " f"{new.is_a()}.",
+                )
 
         if obj in context.selectable_objects:
             tool.Blender.select_and_activate_single_object(context, new_obj)

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/module/void/operator.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import bonsai.bim.handler
 import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.core.root
 import bonsai.tool as tool
-from bonsai.bim.module.model.opening import FilledOpeningGenerator
+from bonsai.bim.module.model.opening import FilledOpeningGenerator, is_filling_supported
 
 
 class AddOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@ class AddOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
     bl_label = "Apply Opening"
     bl_options = {"REGISTER", "UNDO"}
     bl_description = (
-        "Apply opening objects to an Element.\n\n"
-        "The Element and the openings to be applied should be selected. The order of selection is not important.\n"
-        "Opening can be just a Blender mesh object.\n\n"
-        "Shift+click: keep the filling at its current matrix_world — skip the wall-axis snap "
-        "and the rl1/rl2 Z-elevation default that the regular click applies."
+        "Cuts openings in a wall, slab, or roof using selected shape objects — "
+        "doors, windows, existing openings, or plain (non-IFC) meshes. "
+        "Selection order doesn't matter.\n\n"
+        "Doors and windows also fill the opening. Other IFC classes are currently "
+        "unsupported by the opening generator and get skipped with a warning.\n\n"
+        "Shift+click: keep each opening at its shape object's current position "
+        "instead of snapping to the wall."
     )
 
     # Toggled by ``invoke`` when the user holds SHIFT during a gizmo / hotkey
@@ -59,6 +61,12 @@ class AddOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
         return self.execute(context)
 
     def _execute(self, context):
+        # Multi-opening drops on the same host fan out N update_representation
+        # writes + N switch_representation recuts without batching. Coalesce.
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            return self._add_openings(context)
+
+    def _add_openings(self, context):
         selected_objects = context.selected_objects
         target_object = selected_objects[0]
 
@@ -78,8 +86,14 @@ class AddOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                     self.report({"INFO"}, "You can't add an opening to another opening.")
                     continue
                 elif not element1.is_a("IfcOpeningElement") and not element2.is_a("IfcOpeningElement"):
-                    if element1.is_a("IfcWindow") or element1.is_a("IfcDoor"):  # Add a fill to an element.
+                    if is_filling_supported(element1):  # Add a fill to an element.
                         obj1, obj2 = obj2, obj1
+                    elif not is_filling_supported(element2):
+                        self.report(
+                            {"INFO"},
+                            f"Cannot apply {element2.is_a()} as an opening — Bonsai currently supports only IfcDoor and IfcWindow as parametric fillings.",
+                        )
+                        continue
                     FilledOpeningGenerator().generate(
                         obj2,
                         obj1,
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@ class AddOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
                             voided_obj.scale = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
                             tool.Ifc.finish_edit(voided_obj)
                         else:
-                            bpy.ops.bim.update_representation(obj=voided_obj.name)
+                            tool.Geometry.update_host_representation(voided_obj)
 
                     if tool.Ifc.is_moved(voided_obj):
                         bonsai.core.geometry.edit_object_placement(
@@ -174,12 +188,7 @@ class AddOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
 
                     representation = tool.Geometry.get_active_representation(voided_obj)
                     assert representation
-                    bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                        tool.Ifc,
-                        tool.Geometry,
-                        obj=voided_obj,
-                        representation=representation,
-                    )
+                    tool.Geometry.recut_host(voided_obj, representation)
                 tool.Geometry.lock_scale(voided_obj)
 
             if not has_visible_openings:
@@ -217,12 +226,7 @@ class RemoveOpening(bpy.types.Operator, tool.Ifc.Operator):
             if building_obj and building_obj.data:
                 representation = tool.Geometry.get_active_representation(building_obj)
                 assert representation
-                bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                    tool.Ifc,
-                    tool.Geometry,
-                    obj=building_obj,
-                    representation=representation,
-                )
+                tool.Geometry.recut_host(building_obj, representation)
         tool.Geometry.unlock_scale_object_with_openings(obj)
         tool.Geometry.clear_cache(element)
         return {"FINISHED"}

src/bonsai/bonsai/bim/ui.py

@@ -39,21 +39,10 @@ from natsort import natsorted
 import bonsai.bim
 import bonsai.bim.helper
 import bonsai.tool as tool
+from bonsai.bim.ifc import is_cache_locked_by_other_process
 from bonsai.bim.module.bsdd.prop import BIMBSDDProperties, BSDDProperty
-from bonsai.bim.module.model.prop import (
-    BIMDoorProperties,
-    BIMRailingProperties,
-    BIMRoofProperties,
-    BIMStairProperties,
-    BIMWindowProperties,
-)
-from bonsai.bim.module.model.ui import (
-    draw_door_properties,
-    draw_railing_properties,
-    draw_roof_properties,
-    draw_stair_properties,
-    draw_window_properties,
-)
+from bonsai.bim.module.model import prop as _model_prop
+from bonsai.bim.module.model import ui as _model_ui
 from bonsai.bim.module.pset.prop import IfcProperty
 from bonsai.bim.prop import Attribute
 
@@ -278,34 +267,29 @@ class BIM_UL_panel_visibilities(bpy.types.UIList):
 class GizmoPreferences(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
     """Aggregator for parametric gizmo visibility settings. One flat bool per
     parametric feature; controls whether that feature's gizmo group polls
-    visible in the viewport."""
+    visible in the viewport.
+
+    The per-feature ``<name>: BoolProperty`` fields are derived from
+    ``tool.Parametric.EDIT_TYPES`` at module load — adding a new parametric
+    type to the registry automatically surfaces its toggle here, with no
+    parallel hand-maintained list to keep in sync."""
 
     draw_gizmos_in_3d_viewport: BoolProperty(
         name="Draw Gizmos In 3D Viewport",
         default=True,
         description="Show interactive gizmos in the 3D viewport for parametric elements",
     )
-    door: BoolProperty(name="Door", default=True)
-    window: BoolProperty(name="Window", default=True)
-    stair: BoolProperty(name="Stair", default=True)
-    railing: BoolProperty(name="Railing", default=True)
-    roof: BoolProperty(name="Roof", default=True)
-    array: BoolProperty(name="Array", default=True)
-    pipe_segment: BoolProperty(name="Pipe Segment", default=True)
-    duct_segment: BoolProperty(name="Duct Segment", default=True)
-    wall: BoolProperty(name="Wall", default=True)
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         draw_gizmos_in_3d_viewport: bool
-        door: bool
-        window: bool
-        stair: bool
-        railing: bool
-        roof: bool
-        array: bool
-        pipe_segment: bool
-        duct_segment: bool
-        wall: bool
+
+
+for _gizmo_pref_entry in tool.Parametric.EDIT_TYPES:
+    GizmoPreferences.__annotations__[_gizmo_pref_entry.name] = BoolProperty(
+        name=_gizmo_pref_entry.name.replace("_", " ").title(),
+        default=True,
+    )
+del _gizmo_pref_entry
 
 
 class DocPreferences(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
@@ -401,11 +385,22 @@ class DocPreferences(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
 
 
 class DefaultParameters(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
-    door: bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=BIMDoorProperties)
-    window: bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=BIMWindowProperties)
-    railing: bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=BIMRailingProperties)
-    roof: bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=BIMRoofProperties)
-    stair: bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=BIMStairProperties)
+    """Per-type preset values used to seed new parametric instances.
+
+    The ``<name>: PointerProperty`` fields are derived from the subset of
+    ``tool.Parametric.EDIT_TYPES`` flagged ``has_default_parameters=True``,
+    each pointing at the matching ``BIM<Name>Properties`` class. Adding a
+    new entry with that flag automatically surfaces a preferences section
+    and gives the create operator a preset to copy from."""
+
+
+for _default_params_entry in tool.Parametric.EDIT_TYPES:
+    if not _default_params_entry.has_default_parameters:
+        continue
+    DefaultParameters.__annotations__[_default_params_entry.name] = bpy.props.PointerProperty(
+        type=getattr(_model_prop, _default_params_entry.props_attr),
+    )
+del _default_params_entry
 
 
 class BIM_ADDON_preferences(bpy.types.AddonPreferences):
@@ -517,6 +512,15 @@ class BIM_ADDON_preferences(bpy.types.AddonPreferences):
         size=4,
         description="Color of not selected verts/edges (used in profile editing mode)",
     )
+    clip_box_cap_color: bpy.props.FloatVectorProperty(
+        name="Clip Box Caps Color",
+        subtype="COLOR",
+        default=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+        min=0.0,
+        max=1.0,
+        size=4,
+        description="Fill color of clip-box cross-section caps",
+    )
     decorator_color_special: bpy.props.FloatVectorProperty(
         name="Special Elements Color",
         subtype="COLOR",
@@ -573,6 +577,43 @@ class BIM_ADDON_preferences(bpy.types.AddonPreferences):
     should_disable_undo_on_save: BoolProperty(
         name="Disable Undo When Saving (Faster saves, no undo for you!)", default=False
     )
+
+    def update_autosave_settings(self, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        if self.autosave_enabled:
+            tool.Autosave.reset_timer()
+        else:
+            tool.Autosave.cancel_timer()
+
+    autosave_enabled: BoolProperty(
+        name="Enable IFC Autosave Timer",
+        description="Periodically remind you to save or automatically create a backup copy of the IFC file",
+        default=False,
+        update=update_autosave_settings,
+    )
+    autosave_interval_minutes: bpy.props.IntProperty(
+        name="Autosave Interval (Minutes)",
+        description="Time between autosave reminders or backups. The timer resets whenever you open or save a project",
+        default=10,
+        min=1,
+        max=1440,
+        update=update_autosave_settings,
+    )
+    autosave_mode: bpy.props.EnumProperty(
+        name="Autosave Mode",
+        items=[
+            (
+                "PROMPT",
+                "Prompt to Save",
+                "Show a dialog offering to save the IFC project when the timer expires",
+            ),
+            (
+                "BACKUP",
+                "Automatic Backup",
+                "Save a backup copy as filename_autosaved.ifc when the timer expires",
+            ),
+        ],
+        default="PROMPT",
+    )
     should_stream: BoolProperty(name="Stream Data From IFC-SPF (Only for advanced users)", default=False)
     should_always_cache: BoolProperty(
         name="Always Cache Geometry",
@@ -685,6 +726,9 @@ class BIM_ADDON_preferences(bpy.types.AddonPreferences):
         bsdd_load_test_dictionaries: bool
         bsdd_baseurl: str
         should_disable_undo_on_save: bool
+        autosave_enabled: bool
+        autosave_interval_minutes: int
+        autosave_mode: Literal["PROMPT", "BACKUP"]
         should_stream: bool
         should_always_cache: bool
         occurrence_name_style: Literal["CLASS", "TYPE", "CUSTOM"]
@@ -806,43 +850,39 @@ class BIM_ADDON_preferences(bpy.types.AddonPreferences):
         layout.row().prop(self, "decorator_color_special")
         layout.row().prop(self, "decorator_color_error")
         layout.row().prop(self, "decorator_color_background")
+        bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
+            layout,
+            context,
+            "Clip Box",
+            self.draw_clip_box_colors,
+        )
+
+    def draw_clip_box_colors(self, layout: bpy.types.UILayout, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        layout.row().prop(self, "clip_box_cap_color")
 
     def draw_default_parameters(self, layout: bpy.types.UILayout, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         box = layout.box()
-        bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
-            box,
-            context,
-            "Door",
-            lambda _layout, _context: draw_door_properties(_layout, self.default_parameters.door),
-        )
-        bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
-            box,
-            context,
-            "Window",
-            lambda _layout, _context: draw_window_properties(_layout, self.default_parameters.window),
-        )
-        bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
-            box,
-            context,
-            "Railing",
-            lambda _layout, _context: draw_railing_properties(_layout, self.default_parameters.railing),
-        )
-        bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
-            box,
-            context,
-            "Roof",
-            lambda _layout, _context: draw_roof_properties(_layout, self.default_parameters.roof),
-        )
-        bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
-            box,
-            context,
-            "Stair",
-            lambda _layout, _context: draw_stair_properties(_layout, self.default_parameters.stair),
-        )
+        for entry in tool.Parametric.EDIT_TYPES:
+            if not entry.has_default_parameters:
+                continue
+            props = getattr(self.default_parameters, entry.name)
+            draw_props = getattr(_model_ui, f"draw_{entry.name}_properties")
+            bonsai.bim.helper.draw_expandable_panel(
+                box,
+                context,
+                entry.name.replace("_", " ").title(),
+                lambda _layout, _context, _draw=draw_props, _props=props: _draw(_layout, _props),
+            )
 
     def draw_other_settings(self, layout: bpy.types.UILayout, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
         layout.prop(self, "opening_focus_opacity")
         layout.prop(self, "should_disable_undo_on_save")
+        layout.separator()
+        layout.label(text="Autosave:")
+        layout.prop(self, "autosave_enabled")
+        if self.autosave_enabled:
+            layout.prop(self, "autosave_interval_minutes")
+            layout.prop(self, "autosave_mode")
         layout.prop(self, "should_stream")
         layout.prop(self, "should_always_cache")
         layout.label(text="bSDD:")
@@ -956,6 +996,50 @@ class BIM_PT_tabs(Panel):
             op.uri = "https://docs.bonsaibim.org/guides/troubleshooting.html#saving-and-loading-blend-files"
             row.operator("bim.close_blend_warning", text="", icon="CANCEL")
 
+        if is_cache_locked_by_other_process():
+            box = self.layout.box()
+            box.alert = True
+            row = box.row(align=True)
+            row.label(text="IFC Already Open in Another Blender Instance", icon="ERROR")
+            row.operator("bim.dismiss_multi_instance_warning", text="", icon="CANCEL")
+            draw_multiline_text(
+                box.column(align=True),
+                "This file is open in another Blender instance. Editing the same "
+                "IFC from two instances at once can lose your work or display "
+                "outdated geometry. Close the other Blender instances to continue safely.",
+                context=context,
+            )
+
+        pprops = tool.Project.get_project_props()
+        if pending := pprops.pending_opening_recut:
+            box = self.layout.box()
+            box.alert = True
+            box.label(text="Opening Cuts Skipped", icon="ERROR")
+            draw_multiline_text(
+                box.column(align=True),
+                f"{len(pending)} element(s) had too many openings to cut during load. "
+                f"Apply to recompute their meshes, or dismiss to leave them as they are.",
+                context=context,
+            )
+            row = box.row(align=True)
+            row.operator("bim.select_pending_opening_cuts", text="Select Elements", icon="RESTRICT_SELECT_OFF")
+            row.operator("bim.apply_pending_opening_cuts", text="Apply Openings", icon="PLAY")
+            row.operator("bim.dismiss_pending_opening_cuts", text="", icon="CANCEL")
+
+        if pending := pprops.pending_array_repair:
+            box = self.layout.box()
+            box.alert = True
+            box.label(text="Arrays With Missing Children", icon="ERROR")
+            draw_multiline_text(
+                box.column(align=True),
+                f"{len(pending)} array parent(s) reference child GUIDs that don't exist in this file. "
+                f"The arrays loaded incomplete. Select to inspect, or dismiss.",
+                context=context,
+            )
+            row = box.row(align=True)
+            row.operator("bim.select_pending_array_repair", text="Select Elements", icon="RESTRICT_SELECT_OFF")
+            row.operator("bim.dismiss_pending_array_repair", text="", icon="CANCEL")
+
         gprops = tool.Geometry.get_geometry_props()
         # Check that Blender mode and IFC Mode do match.
         if context.mode == "OBJECT" and gprops.mode in ("OBJECT", "ITEM"):
@@ -1907,6 +1991,7 @@ class BIM_PT_decorators_overlay(Panel):
         aggregate_props = tool.Aggregate.get_aggregate_props()
         nest_props = tool.Nest.get_nest_props()
         model_props = tool.Model.get_model_props()
+        system_props = tool.System.get_system_props()
         display_all = overlay.show_overlays
 
         col = layout.column()
@@ -1924,10 +2009,20 @@ class BIM_PT_decorators_overlay(Panel):
         row = col.row(align=True)
         row.prop(model_props, "show_slab_direction", text="Slab Direction")
         row = col.row(align=True)
+        row.prop(model_props, "show_paths", text="Element Paths")
+        row.prop(system_props, "should_draw_decorations", text="System Decorations")
+        row = col.row(align=True)
         row.prop(model_props, "show_bounding_box", text="Bounding Box Dimensions")
         row = col.row(align=True)
         row.prop(model_props, "show_cut_decorator", text="Cut Decorator")
         row.prop(model_props, "show_cut_decorator_fill", text="Fill Cut Decorator")
+        clip_box_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props(context.scene)
+        row = col.row(align=True)
+        # Grey out the toggles when there is no clip box to act on, so the
+        # user can see the controls but can't flip a switch that does nothing.
+        row.enabled = bool(clip_box_props.clip_boxes)
+        row.prop(clip_box_props, "enabled", text="Enable Clipping")
+        row.prop(clip_box_props, "show_caps", text="Show Caps")
 
 
 class BIM_PT_snappping(Panel):

src/bonsai/bonsai/core/connection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+"""Shared post-disconnect cleanup dispatch.
+
+Used by both ``bim.disconnect_elements`` (explicit user disconnect) and the
+connection cascade in ``tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object`` (implicit
+disconnect-on-delete). Each kind returned by
+:py:meth:`bonsai.tool.connection.Connection.find_rels` /
+:py:meth:`find_rels_for_element` maps to a single arm here, so adding a new
+kind means extending one dispatch table — both call sites benefit
+automatically and the AST forward-compat guard enforces coverage.
+
+The ``subject`` parameter is the entity whose teardown effects the
+disconnect: for ``"path"`` / ``"element"`` / ``"element-top"`` kinds it
+carries an ``IfcRel*`` relationship entity (the rel that gets removed);
+for ``"mep-pair-fitting"`` it carries an ``IfcFlowFitting`` (the fitting
+that gets deleted). The slot is uniform on intent — the dispatch decides
+the teardown mechanism by kind.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import bonsai.core.geometry
+from bonsai.core.model import regenerate_wall_to_underside
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ifcopenshell
+
+    import bonsai.tool as tool
+
+
+def disconnect_rel(
+    ifc: type[tool.Ifc],
+    geometry: type[tool.Geometry],
+    model: type[tool.Model],
+    connection: type[tool.Connection],
+    subject: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    kind: str,
+    elem: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    partner: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    skip_elem_recreate: bool = False,
+    skip_partner_recreate: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Run the post-disconnect cleanup for one connection.
+
+    ``elem`` and ``partner`` are the two endpoints. The ``skip_*_recreate``
+    flags suppress per-side regenerate / recreate work — used by the
+    cascade-on-delete to avoid re-extruding entities that are about to be
+    removed by ``remove_product``. For the disconnect operator (where neither
+    endpoint is being deleted), both flags stay False and the full cleanup
+    runs on both sides.
+    """
+    if kind == "path":
+        bonsai.core.geometry.remove_connection(geometry, connection=subject)
+        if not skip_elem_recreate:
+            elem_obj = ifc.get_object(elem)
+            if elem_obj is not None:
+                model.recreate_wall(elem, elem_obj)
+        if not skip_partner_recreate:
+            partner_obj = ifc.get_object(partner)
+            if partner_obj is not None:
+                model.recreate_wall(partner, partner_obj)
+    elif kind == "element-top":
+        wall, _slab = connection.orient_element_top(subject, elem, partner)
+        ifc.run(
+            "geometry.disconnect_element",
+            relating_element=subject.RelatingElement,
+            related_element=subject.RelatedElement,
+        )
+        # Skip the wall-side regenerate when the wall is itself being deleted —
+        # either it's the elem of this cascade pass, or it's the partner that
+        # was queued earlier in the same batch.
+        if (wall is elem and skip_elem_recreate) or (wall is partner and skip_partner_recreate):
+            return
+        wall_obj = ifc.get_object(wall)
+        if wall_obj is not None:
+            regenerate_wall_to_underside(ifc, geometry, model, [wall_obj])
+    elif kind == "element":
+        ifc.run(
+            "geometry.disconnect_element",
+            relating_element=subject.RelatingElement,
+            related_element=subject.RelatedElement,
+        )
+    elif kind == "mep-pair-fitting":
+        if skip_elem_recreate and subject is elem:
+            return
+        if skip_partner_recreate and subject is partner:
+            return
+        fitting_obj = ifc.get_object(subject)
+        if fitting_obj is not None:
+            geometry.delete_ifc_object(fitting_obj)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown kind: {kind!r}")

src/bonsai/bonsai/core/drawing.py

@@ -302,9 +302,25 @@ def add_drawing(
         context=drawing.get_body_context(),
         ifc_representation_class=None,
     )
+
+    drawings_parent_group = None
+    for group in ifc.get().by_type("IfcGroup"):
+        if group.Name == "DRAWINGS" and group.ObjectType == "DRAWINGS":
+            drawings_parent_group = group
+            break
+
+    if not drawings_parent_group:
+        drawings_parent_group = ifc.run("group.add_group")
+        ifc.run(
+            "group.edit_group", group=drawings_parent_group, attributes={"Name": "DRAWINGS", "ObjectType": "DRAWINGS"}
+        )
+
     group = ifc.run("group.add_group")
     ifc.run("group.edit_group", group=group, attributes={"Name": drawing_name, "ObjectType": "DRAWING"})
     ifc.run("group.assign_group", group=group, products=[element])
+
+    ifc.run("group.assign_group", group=drawings_parent_group, products=[group])
+
     collector.assign(camera)
     pset = ifc.run("pset.add_pset", product=element, name="EPset_Drawing")
     if drawing.get_unit_system() == "METRIC":
@@ -335,7 +351,22 @@ def add_drawing(
         },
     )
     drawing.setup_shading_styles_path(shading_styles_path)
-    information = ifc.run("document.add_information")
+
+    drawings_parent_document = None
+    for document in ifc.get().by_type("IfcDocumentInformation"):
+        if document.Name == "DRAWINGS" and document.Scope == "DRAWINGS":
+            drawings_parent_document = document
+            break
+
+    if not drawings_parent_document:
+        drawings_parent_document = ifc.run("document.add_information")
+        if ifc.get_schema() == "IFC2X3":
+            attributes = {"DocumentId": "DRAWINGS", "Name": "DRAWINGS", "Scope": "DRAWINGS"}
+        else:
+            attributes = {"Identification": "DRAWINGS", "Name": "DRAWINGS", "Scope": "DRAWINGS"}
+        ifc.run("document.edit_information", information=drawings_parent_document, attributes=attributes)
+
+    information = ifc.run("document.add_information", parent=drawings_parent_document)
     uri = drawing.get_default_drawing_path(drawing_name)
     reference = ifc.run("document.add_reference", information=information)
     if ifc.get_schema() == "IFC2X3":
@@ -363,9 +394,23 @@ def duplicate_drawing(
     drawing_tool.set_name(new_drawing, drawing_name)
     group = drawing_tool.get_drawing_group(new_drawing)
     ifc.run("group.unassign_group", group=group, products=[new_drawing])
+
+    drawings_parent_group = None
+    for parent_group in ifc.get().by_type("IfcGroup"):
+        if parent_group.Name == "DRAWINGS" and parent_group.ObjectType == "DRAWINGS":
+            drawings_parent_group = parent_group
+            break
+
+    if not drawings_parent_group:
+        drawings_parent_group = ifc.run("group.add_group")
+        ifc.run(
+            "group.edit_group", group=drawings_parent_group, attributes={"Name": "DRAWINGS", "ObjectType": "DRAWINGS"}
+        )
+
     new_group = ifc.run("group.add_group")
     ifc.run("group.edit_group", group=new_group, attributes={"Name": drawing_name, "ObjectType": "DRAWING"})
     ifc.run("group.assign_group", group=new_group, products=[new_drawing])
+    ifc.run("group.assign_group", group=drawings_parent_group, products=[new_group])
     if should_duplicate_annotations:
         new_annotations: list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = []
         annotation_objs = [ifc.get_object(a) for a in drawing_tool.get_group_elements(group) if a != drawing]
@@ -381,7 +426,21 @@ def duplicate_drawing(
     old_reference = drawing_tool.get_drawing_document(new_drawing)
     ifc.run("document.unassign_document", products=[new_drawing], document=old_reference)
 
-    information = ifc.run("document.add_information")
+    drawings_parent_document = None
+    for document in ifc.get().by_type("IfcDocumentInformation"):
+        if document.Name == "DRAWINGS" and document.Scope == "DRAWINGS":
+            drawings_parent_document = document
+            break
+
+    if not drawings_parent_document:
+        drawings_parent_document = ifc.run("document.add_information")
+        if ifc.get_schema() == "IFC2X3":
+            attributes = {"DocumentId": "DRAWINGS", "Name": "DRAWINGS", "Scope": "DRAWINGS"}
+        else:
+            attributes = {"Identification": "DRAWINGS", "Name": "DRAWINGS", "Scope": "DRAWINGS"}
+        ifc.run("document.edit_information", information=drawings_parent_document, attributes=attributes)
+
+    information = ifc.run("document.add_information", parent=drawings_parent_document)
     uri = drawing_tool.get_default_drawing_path(drawing_name)
     reference = ifc.run("document.add_reference", information=information)
     if ifc.get_schema() == "IFC2X3":

src/bonsai/bonsai/core/model.py

@@ -167,12 +167,22 @@ def regenerate_wall_to_underside(
     model: type[tool.Model],
     wall_objs: list[bpy.types.Object],
 ) -> None:
-    """Re-clip walls to their connected underside objects after the slab has moved."""
+    """Re-clip walls to their connected underside objects after the slab has moved.
+
+    When a wall has no remaining slab connections — the case reached after the
+    last TOP rel is severed (via disconnect or via cascade-on-slab-delete) — the
+    stale trim booleans are cleaned up so the wall reverts to its pre-clip
+    extrusion instead of holding orphan ``IfcBooleanResult`` items and a dead
+    ``BBIM_Boolean`` pset.
+    """
     clipped_objs = []
+    reverted_objs = []
     for obj in wall_objs:
         wall = ifc.get_entity(obj)
         slab_objs = model.get_connected_slab_objs(wall)
         if not slab_objs:
+            model.remove_wall_to_underside_booleans(wall)
+            reverted_objs.append(obj)
             continue
         if ifc.is_moved(obj):
             geometry.run_edit_object_placement(obj=obj)
@@ -185,8 +195,9 @@ def regenerate_wall_to_underside(
             if clip:
                 model.clip_wall_to_slab(wall, clip)
         clipped_objs.append(obj)
-    if clipped_objs:
-        model.reload_body_representation(clipped_objs)
+    refresh_objs = clipped_objs + reverted_objs
+    if refresh_objs:
+        model.reload_body_representation(refresh_objs)
 
 
 def extend_wall_to_slab(

src/bonsai/bonsai/core/product.py

@@ -50,14 +50,15 @@ def copy_z_rotation_to_selected(
     flip: bool = False,
 ) -> int:
     """Apply ``active``'s Z-Euler rotation to each target."""
-    source_z = surveyor.get_z_rotation(active)
+    source_z = surveyor.get_z_rotation(active)  # ty: ignore[missing-argument]
     if flip:
         source_z += math.pi
     rotated = 0
     for obj in targets:
-        if abs(_z_rotation_diff(surveyor.get_z_rotation(obj), source_z)) < Z_ROTATION_ALIGNMENT_TOLERANCE:
+        target_z = surveyor.get_z_rotation(obj)  # ty: ignore[missing-argument]
+        if abs(_z_rotation_diff(target_z, source_z)) < Z_ROTATION_ALIGNMENT_TOLERANCE:
             continue
-        surveyor.set_z_rotation(obj, source_z)
+        surveyor.set_z_rotation(obj, source_z)  # ty: ignore[missing-argument]
         rotated += 1
         if ifc.get_entity(obj) is not None:
             bonsai.core.geometry.edit_object_placement(ifc, geometry, surveyor, obj=obj)

src/bonsai/bonsai/core/tool.py

@@ -195,6 +195,14 @@ class Collector:
     def assign(cls, obj, should_clean_users_collection=False): pass
 
 
+@interface
+class Connection:
+    def find_rel(cls, elem_a, elem_b): pass
+    def find_rels(cls, elem_a, elem_b): pass
+    def find_rels_for_element(cls, elem): pass
+    def orient_element_top(cls, rel, elem_a, elem_b): pass
+
+
 @interface
 class Context:
     def clear_context(cls): pass
@@ -694,11 +702,13 @@ class Model:
     def load_openings(cls, openings): pass
     def purge_scene_openings(cls): pass
     def recalculate_walls(cls, objs): pass
+    def recreate_wall(cls, element, obj): pass
     def regenerate_array(cls, parent, data): pass
     def regenerate_profile(cls, obj): pass
     def regenerate_slab(cls, obj): pass
     def reload_body_representation(cls, obj_or_objects): pass
     def remove_wall_to_underside_booleans(cls, wall): pass
+    def strip_underside_booleans(cls, wall): pass
     def replace_object_ifc_representation(cls, ifc_file, ifc_context, obj, new_representation): pass
 
 
@@ -794,7 +804,7 @@ class Profile:
 
 @interface
 class Parametric:
-    def get_geom_generation(cls) -> int: pass
+    def get_geom_generation(cls): pass
     def refresh_post_commit(cls, operator) -> None: pass
 
 
@@ -1198,6 +1208,7 @@ class Type:
     def get_representation_context(cls, representation): pass
     def get_type_occurrences(cls, element_type): pass
     def has_material_usage(cls, element): pass
+    def is_relating_type_compatible(cls, occurrence, relating_type): pass
     def record_material_usage_attributes(cls, element): pass
     def restore_material_usage_attributes(cls, element, usage_attributes): pass
     def run_geometry_add_representation(cls, obj=None, context=None, ifc_representation_class=None, profile_set_usage=None): pass

src/bonsai/bonsai/core/type.py

@@ -36,7 +36,13 @@ def assign_type(
     usage_attributes = type_tool.record_material_usage_attributes(element)
     ifc.run("type.assign_type", related_objects=[element], relating_type=type)
     obj = ifc.get_object(element)
-    if (usage := model.get_usage_type(type)) and usage_attributes:
+    # Reassigning the type recreates the material usage from scratch, defaulting
+    # its LayerSetDirection/DirectionSense/offset to the values derived from the
+    # occurrence class (e.g. AXIS3 for IfcCovering). Restore the recorded usage
+    # attributes so a manually-set direction (e.g. AXIS2) is preserved. The
+    # restore is a no-op when the element no longer carries a matching usage, so
+    # it is safe regardless of what get_usage_type() reports for the new type.
+    if usage_attributes:
         type_tool.restore_material_usage_attributes(element, usage_attributes)
     if (usage := model.get_usage_type(type)) == "PROFILE":
         model.regenerate_profile(obj)

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/__init__.py

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ from bonsai.tool.bsdd import Bsdd
 from bonsai.tool.cad import Cad
 from bonsai.tool.clash import Clash
 from bonsai.tool.classification import Classification
+from bonsai.tool.clip_box import ClipBox
 from bonsai.tool.collector import Collector
+from bonsai.tool.connection import Connection
 from bonsai.tool.context import Context
 from bonsai.tool.cost import Cost
 from bonsai.tool.covering import Covering
@@ -78,3 +80,6 @@ from bonsai.tool.type import Type
 from bonsai.tool.unit import Unit
 from bonsai.tool.wall import Wall
 from bonsai.tool.web import Web
+
+# Have to move after import of tool.drawing
+from bonsai.tool.autosave import Autosave  # isort: skip

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/array.py

@@ -178,6 +178,25 @@ class Array(bonsai.core.tool.Array):
         element_root = cls.get_array_root_guid(element)
         return [o for o in occurrences if cls.get_array_root_guid(o) == element_root]
 
+    @classmethod
+    def select_only_parent(cls, parent_obj: bpy.types.Object, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        """Post-condition for the user-facing regenerate and finish-edit paths:
+        only ``parent_obj`` is selected + active. Grow and shrink otherwise
+        diverge on which objects stay selected, surfacing an inconsistency."""
+        tool.Blender.select_and_activate_single_object(context, parent_obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_array_child(cls, element: entity_instance) -> bool:
+        """True when ``element`` is a child of a parametric array — has a
+        BBIM_Array pset whose Parent GUID points to a different element.
+        Lighter than ``get_child_layer_index`` (no ``by_guid`` lookup, no
+        Data parse); suitable for per-element checks in draw handlers."""
+        pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(element, "BBIM_Array")
+        if not pset:
+            return False
+        parent_guid = pset.get("Parent")
+        return bool(parent_guid) and parent_guid != element.GlobalId
+
     @classmethod
     def get_child_layer_index(cls, child_element: entity_instance) -> int | None:
         """Index of the layer that produced ``child_element``, or ``None``

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/autosave.py

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import atexit
+import logging
+import os
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union
+
+import bpy
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+from bonsai.bim import export_ifc
+from bonsai.bim.module.model import preview_base
+
+AUTOSAVING_SUFFIX = "_autosaving.ifc"
+AUTOSAVED_SUFFIX = "_autosaved.ifc"
+
+_timer_callback: Union[Callable[[], None], None] = None
+# See cleanup_stale_autosave() for why this is a cached plain string rather
+# than looked up live.
+_active_ifc_path_cache: Union[str, None] = None
+
+
+class Autosave:
+    @classmethod
+    def get_paths(cls, ifc_path: Union[str, Path]) -> tuple[Path, Path, Path]:
+        path = Path(ifc_path)
+        stem = path.stem if path.suffix.lower() == ".ifc" else path.name
+        parent = path.parent
+        main_path = path if path.suffix.lower() == ".ifc" else parent / f"{stem}.ifc"
+        autosaving_path = parent / f"{stem}{AUTOSAVING_SUFFIX}"
+        autosaved_path = parent / f"{stem}{AUTOSAVED_SUFFIX}"
+        return main_path, autosaving_path, autosaved_path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_active_ifc_path(cls) -> Union[Path, None]:
+        props = tool.Blender.get_bim_props()
+        if not props.ifc_file:
+            return None
+        path = tool.Blender.ensure_blender_path_is_abs(Path(props.ifc_file))
+        if path.suffix.lower() != ".ifc":
+            return None
+        return path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _update_active_ifc_path_cache(cls) -> None:
+        global _active_ifc_path_cache
+        ifc_path = cls.get_active_ifc_path()
+        _active_ifc_path_cache = ifc_path.as_posix() if ifc_path is not None else None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_enabled(cls) -> bool:
+        return bool(tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences().autosave_enabled)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_interval_seconds(cls) -> float:
+        minutes = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences().autosave_interval_minutes
+        return max(1.0, float(minutes) * 60.0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_eligible(cls) -> bool:
+        return cls.is_enabled() and tool.Ifc.get() is not None and cls.get_active_ifc_path() is not None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancel_timer(cls) -> None:
+        global _timer_callback
+        if _timer_callback is not None and bpy.app.timers.is_registered(_timer_callback):
+            bpy.app.timers.unregister(_timer_callback)
+        _timer_callback = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def reset_timer(cls) -> None:
+        cls.cancel_timer()
+        cls._update_active_ifc_path_cache()
+        if not cls.is_eligible():
+            return
+
+        def on_timer() -> None:
+            cls._on_timer_expired()
+            return None
+
+        global _timer_callback
+        _timer_callback = on_timer
+        bpy.app.timers.register(on_timer, first_interval=cls.get_interval_seconds())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _on_timer_expired(cls) -> None:
+        if not cls.is_eligible():
+            return
+
+        prefs = tool.Blender.get_addon_preferences()
+        bim_props = tool.Blender.get_bim_props()
+
+        if bim_props.is_dirty:
+            if prefs.autosave_mode == "PROMPT":
+                bpy.ops.bim.autosave_prompt("INVOKE_DEFAULT")
+            elif prefs.autosave_mode == "BACKUP":
+                try:
+                    cls.perform_backup(bpy.context)
+                except Exception as error:
+                    print(f"Bonsai: autosave backup failed: {error}")
+        cls.reset_timer()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def perform_backup(cls, context: bpy.types.Context) -> None:
+        ifc_path = cls.get_active_ifc_path()
+        if ifc_path is None:
+            return
+
+        _, autosaving_path, autosaved_path = cls.get_paths(ifc_path)
+        autosaving_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        tool.Parametric.commit_pending_edits()
+        preview_base.discard_pending_previews(context.scene)
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("ExportIFC")
+        output_file = autosaving_path.as_posix().replace("\\", "/")
+        settings = export_ifc.IfcExportSettings.factory(context, output_file, logger)
+        export_ifc.IfcExporter(settings).export()
+
+        try:
+            os.replace(autosaving_path, autosaved_path)
+        except OSError:
+            if autosaving_path.is_file():
+                autosaving_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_newer_autosaved_path(cls, ifc_path: Union[str, Path]) -> Union[str, None]:
+        path = Path(ifc_path)
+        if path.suffix.lower() != ".ifc" or not path.is_file():
+            return None
+
+        _, _, autosaved_path = cls.get_paths(path)
+        if not autosaved_path.is_file():
+            return None
+        if autosaved_path.stat().st_mtime > path.stat().st_mtime:
+            return autosaved_path.as_posix().replace("\\", "/")
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cleanup_stale_autosave(cls) -> None:
+        """Remove the active IFC's autosave file(s) on a graceful shutdown.
+
+        Registered via `atexit`, which only runs on a normal interpreter
+        shutdown - never on an actual crash. So a deliberate quit (whether
+        the user saved or chose "don't save") clears the recovery file and
+        won't prompt on next startup, while a genuine crash leaves it in
+        place for recovery, since no atexit callbacks fire then.
+
+        Deliberately reads only `_active_ifc_path_cache` - a plain string
+        kept up to date by `reset_timer()` - rather than touching `bpy` here.
+        By the time `atexit` fires, Blender's own C++ side is torn down far
+        enough that even reading `bpy.context.scene` aborts the process
+        (std::bad_optional_access) instead of raising a catchable exception.
+        """
+        if _active_ifc_path_cache is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            _, autosaving_path, autosaved_path = cls.get_paths(_active_ifc_path_cache)
+            autosaving_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            autosaved_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+atexit.register(Autosave.cleanup_stale_autosave)

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/blender.py

@@ -30,7 +30,15 @@ import sys
 import tempfile
 import traceback
 import types
-from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence, Sized
+from collections.abc import (
+    Callable,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+    Sized,
+)
 from datetime import datetime
 from functools import cache, lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -47,9 +55,11 @@ from typing import (
 
 import bmesh
 import bpy
+import gpu
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
 import numpy as np
 import numpy.typing as npt
+from gpu_extras.batch import batch_for_shader
 from ifcopenshell import entity_instance
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
@@ -528,6 +538,19 @@ class Blender(bonsai.core.tool.Blender):
             cls.handlers.clear()
             cls.is_installed = False
 
+        def draw_batch(self, shader_type, content_pos, color, indices=None):
+            """Submit a GPU batch through ``self.line_shader`` (for ``"LINES"``)
+            or ``self.shader`` (for any other primitive). Skips empty batches
+            via ``validate_shader_batch_data`` so Blender 4.4+ doesn't crash on
+            empty ``indices``. Subclasses bind both shaders in their draw method
+            before calling this helper."""
+            if not Blender.validate_shader_batch_data(content_pos, indices):
+                return
+            shader = self.line_shader if shader_type == "LINES" else self.shader
+            batch = batch_for_shader(shader, shader_type, {"pos": content_pos}, indices=indices)
+            shader.uniform_float("color", color)
+            batch.draw(shader)
+
         @staticmethod
         def _lookup_active_instance(gizmo_cls: type, context: bpy.types.Context) -> Optional[Any]:
             """Return the live ``GizmoGroup`` instance registered under
@@ -575,6 +598,120 @@ class Blender(bonsai.core.tool.Blender):
                 else:
                     decorator_cls.uninstall()
 
+    # Bonsai overrides Blender's default move/duplicate keymaps with macros
+    # that wrap TRANSFORM_OT_translate. While a macro is the outer modal
+    # entry, the inner TRANSFORM_OT_translate does not surface in
+    # window.modal_operators — the macro's own idname does. The ``BIM_OT_``
+    # prefix is what Blender returns from ``bl_idname`` at runtime (the
+    # class declaration uses the dotted ``bim.`` form).
+    BONSAI_TRANSFORM_MACROS: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+        {
+            "BIM_OT_override_move_macro",  # G key
+            "BIM_OT_override_object_duplicate_move_macro",  # Shift+D
+            "BIM_OT_override_object_duplicate_move_linked_macro",  # Alt+D
+            "BIM_OT_object_duplicate_move_linked_aggregate_macro",  # Ctrl+Shift+D
+        }
+    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_transform_modal_active(cls, context: bpy.types.Context) -> bool:
+        """True iff a Blender transform modal (G/R/S and siblings, including
+        Bonsai's macro overrides) is currently driving per-frame
+        ``matrix_world`` updates. Reads ``window.modal_operators`` — the
+        Blender 4.2+ collection of running modal operators. Callers gate
+        per-frame side effects (gizmo positioning, IFC persistence, etc.)
+        on this so they don't fire during the drag.
+
+        Falls back to scanning every window in the window manager when
+        ``context.window`` is ``None`` — depsgraph callbacks run with a
+        limited context where ``context.window`` is typically missing,
+        but the modal is still active on one of the WM's windows.
+        """
+        window = getattr(context, "window", None)
+        if window is not None and getattr(window, "modal_operators", None):
+            windows = [window]
+        else:
+            wm = getattr(context, "window_manager", None) or bpy.context.window_manager
+            if wm is None:
+                return False
+            windows = list(wm.windows)
+        for w in windows:
+            modal_ops = getattr(w, "modal_operators", None)
+            if not modal_ops:
+                continue
+            for op in modal_ops:
+                idname = op.bl_idname
+                if idname.startswith("TRANSFORM_OT_") or idname in cls.BONSAI_TRANSFORM_MACROS:
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_in_edit_mode(cls, context: Optional[bpy.types.Context] = None) -> bool:
+        """True iff the active object is in any edit-style mode.
+
+        Catches every ``EDIT_*`` variant (mesh, curve, armature,
+        metaball, lattice, surface, text, grease pencil). Defaults to
+        ``OBJECT`` when the mode attribute is missing so background-mode
+        callers (no UI context) don't false-positive.
+        """
+        ctx = context if context is not None else bpy.context
+        mode = getattr(ctx, "mode", "OBJECT")
+        return mode.startswith("EDIT_")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def iter_view3d_regions(cls) -> Iterator[tuple[bpy.types.Area, bpy.types.Region, bpy.types.RegionView3D]]:
+        """Yield ``(area, region, region_3d)`` for every WINDOW region in every 3D viewport.
+
+        Useful for features that need to act on every visible 3D viewport
+        (clip planes, draw handlers, region redraw fanout). Empty
+        generator when ``bpy.context.screen`` is unavailable (shutdown,
+        background mode without a screen).
+        """
+        screen = getattr(getattr(bpy, "context", None), "screen", None)
+        if screen is None:
+            return
+        for area in screen.areas:
+            if area.type != "VIEW_3D":
+                continue
+            for region in area.regions:
+                if region.type != "WINDOW":
+                    continue
+                region_3d = getattr(region, "data", None)
+                if region_3d is None:
+                    continue
+                yield area, region, region_3d
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_or_create_collection(cls, scene: bpy.types.Scene, name: str) -> bpy.types.Collection:
+        """Return the named collection, creating + linking it to ``scene`` if absent."""
+        collection = bpy.data.collections.get(name)
+        if collection is None:
+            collection = bpy.data.collections.new(name)
+            scene.collection.children.link(collection)
+        return collection
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serialize_matrix(cls, matrix: Matrix) -> str:
+        """Serialize a 4x4 matrix as a 16-float comma-separated string.
+
+        Round-trip pair with :meth:`deserialize_matrix`. Used for storing
+        a matrix in an IFC pset string property without losing precision
+        (``%.9g`` carries ~9 significant digits, enough for ``float32``
+        round-trip).
+        """
+        return ",".join(f"{matrix[r][c]:.9g}" for r in range(4) for c in range(4))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize_matrix(cls, text: str) -> Matrix:
+        """Inverse of :meth:`serialize_matrix`."""
+        floats = [float(v) for v in text.split(",")]
+        return Matrix([tuple(floats[r * 4 : r * 4 + 4]) for r in range(4)])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def hash_matrix(cls, matrix: Matrix) -> int:
+        """Hash a 4x4 matrix by its 16 floats. Useful as a cache key."""
+        return hash(tuple(matrix[r][c] for r in range(4) for c in range(4)))
+
     @classmethod
     def is_view_top_down(cls, context: bpy.types.Context, threshold: float = 0.9659) -> bool:
         """True when the viewport camera is looking ~straight down (or up) the world Z axis.
@@ -1274,7 +1411,10 @@ class Blender(bonsai.core.tool.Blender):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_object_from_guid(cls, guid: str) -> Union[bpy.types.Object, None]:
-        element = tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(guid)
+        try:
+            element = tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(guid)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return None
         obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
         if obj:
             return obj
@@ -1397,6 +1537,10 @@ class Blender(bonsai.core.tool.Blender):
                 bpy.ops.bim.enable_editing_railing_path()
             elif feature := tool.Parametric.is_object_editing(obj):
                 tool.Parametric.run_bim_op(feature.finish_op)
+            elif tool.Parametric.is_wall(element):
+                # Placed after the generic finish dispatch so the TAB toggle splits:
+                # wall already editing → finish above; wall not editing → enter here.
+                bpy.ops.bim.enable_editing_wall()
             else:
                 return False
             return True
@@ -2260,6 +2404,13 @@ class Blender(bonsai.core.tool.Blender):
             return False
         return True
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def transparent_color(color: Iterable[float], alpha: float = 0.1) -> list[float]:
+        """Copy an RGBA color with its alpha channel overridden."""
+        out = [c for c in color]
+        out[3] = alpha
+        return out
+
     @classmethod
     def draw_bmesh_face_tris(
         cls,
@@ -2278,6 +2429,83 @@ class Blender(bonsai.core.tool.Blender):
         tris = [[loop.vert.index for loop in tri] for tri in bm.calc_loop_triangles()]
         draw_batch("TRIS", world_vert_coords, color, tris)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def draw_quads(
+        cls,
+        context: bpy.types.Context,
+        quads: Sequence[
+            tuple[
+                tuple[float, float, float],
+                tuple[float, float, float],
+                tuple[float, float, float],
+                tuple[float, float, float],
+            ]
+        ],
+        *,
+        fill_color: Optional[tuple[float, float, float, float]] = None,
+        outline_color: Optional[tuple[float, float, float, float]] = None,
+        outline_width: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render ``quads`` (each a 4-tuple of CCW world-space corners) as
+        a filled TRIS batch, an outline LINES batch, or both.
+
+        Both colors are RGBA 4-tuples. Pass ``fill_color=None`` to skip
+        the fill pass and ``outline_color=None`` to skip the outline.
+        Skipping both is a no-op.
+
+        Replaces the per-decorator quad-fill helpers that used to live
+        inline in each feature module.
+        """
+        if not quads or (fill_color is None and outline_color is None):
+            return
+        region = getattr(context, "region", None)
+        if region is None:
+            return
+
+        verts: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        tri_indices: list[tuple[int, int, int]] = []
+        line_indices: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+        for quad in quads:
+            if len(quad) != 4:
+                continue
+            base = len(verts)
+            verts.extend(tuple(v) for v in quad)
+            if fill_color is not None:
+                tri_indices.append((base, base + 1, base + 2))
+                tri_indices.append((base, base + 2, base + 3))
+            if outline_color is not None:
+                line_indices.append((base, base + 1))
+                line_indices.append((base + 1, base + 2))
+                line_indices.append((base + 2, base + 3))
+                line_indices.append((base + 3, base))
+
+        if not cls.validate_shader_batch_data(verts, None):
+            return
+
+        gpu.state.blend_set("ALPHA")
+        try:
+            if fill_color is not None and tri_indices:
+                shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("UNIFORM_COLOR")
+                shader.bind()
+                shader.uniform_float("color", fill_color)
+                batch = batch_for_shader(shader, "TRIS", {"pos": verts}, indices=tri_indices)
+                batch.draw(shader)
+            if outline_color is not None and line_indices:
+                shader = gpu.shader.from_builtin("UNIFORM_COLOR")
+                shader.bind()
+                shader.uniform_float("color", outline_color)
+                # Outline width: the UNIFORM_COLOR shader respects the
+                # GPU's current line-width state; restore on exit.
+                prev_width = gpu.state.line_width_get()
+                gpu.state.line_width_set(outline_width)
+                try:
+                    batch = batch_for_shader(shader, "LINES", {"pos": verts}, indices=line_indices)
+                    batch.draw(shader)
+                finally:
+                    gpu.state.line_width_set(prev_width)
+        finally:
+            gpu.state.blend_set("NONE")
+
     @classmethod
     def build_dashed_line_segments(
         cls,

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/cad.py

@@ -206,6 +206,237 @@ class Cad:
         """
         return geometry.intersect_line_plane(v1, v2, plane_co, plane_no)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def obb_world_clip_planes(
+        cls,
+        center: Vector,
+        axes: tuple[Vector, Vector, Vector],
+        half_extents: Vector,
+    ) -> tuple[tuple[float, float, float, float], ...]:
+        """Return the 6 inward world clip planes of an oriented bounding box.
+
+        Each plane is a 4-tuple ``(a, b, c, d)`` for the equation
+        ``a*x + b*y + c*z + d``; a point is KEPT when the value is ``>= 0``
+        for every plane, matching ``RegionView3D.clip_planes`` semantics.
+        Return order is ``(+x, -x, +y, -y, +z, -z)`` where ``+x`` is the face
+        on the positive side of ``axes[0]``. ``axes`` are assumed orthonormal.
+        """
+        cx, cy, cz = center.x, center.y, center.z
+        planes: list[tuple[float, float, float, float]] = []
+        for i in range(3):
+            ux, uy, uz = axes[i].x, axes[i].y, axes[i].z
+            h = float(half_extents[i])
+            px, py, pz = cx + h * ux, cy + h * uy, cz + h * uz
+            nx, ny, nz = -ux, -uy, -uz
+            planes.append((nx, ny, nz, -(nx * px + ny * py + nz * pz)))
+            px, py, pz = cx - h * ux, cy - h * uy, cz - h * uz
+            planes.append((ux, uy, uz, -(ux * px + uy * py + uz * pz)))
+        return tuple(planes)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def obb_clip_planes_from_matrix(
+        cls,
+        matrix_world: Matrix,
+        expand: float = 0.0,
+        expand_rel: float = 0.0,
+    ) -> tuple[tuple[float, float, float, float], ...]:
+        """Return the 6 inward world clip planes for the unit cube under ``matrix_world``.
+
+        The implicit box is ``[-1, +1]^3`` in object-local space, so the
+        host's ``matrix_world`` translation is the world centre, its
+        rotation orients the box axes, and each column's magnitude is the
+        world half-extent along that local axis. ``expand`` (absolute
+        world units) and ``expand_rel`` (fraction of each axis's
+        half-extent) both add an outward margin — callers that visualise
+        the box with overlapping geometry (e.g. an empty CUBE display
+        sharing edges with the clip planes) pass non-zero values so the
+        box's own wireframe sits safely INSIDE the clip volume. Use the
+        relative form when the box is rendered at varying scales, since
+        the depth-buffer precision needed to keep an edge unclipped grows
+        with world-coordinate magnitude.
+        """
+        world_center = matrix_world.col[3].xyz
+        linear = matrix_world.to_3x3()
+        world_axes = []
+        world_half_list = []
+        for i in range(3):
+            v = linear.col[i].copy()
+            length = v.length
+            if length > 0.0:
+                world_axes.append(v / length)
+            else:
+                world_axes.append(Vector((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)))
+            world_half_list.append(length + expand + length * expand_rel)
+        return cls.obb_world_clip_planes(
+            world_center,
+            (world_axes[0], world_axes[1], world_axes[2]),
+            Vector(world_half_list),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def point_is_inside_clip_planes(
+        cls,
+        planes: tuple[tuple[float, float, float, float], ...],
+        point: Vector,
+        eps: float = 1e-6,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """True iff ``point`` is on the kept side of every plane (inclusive)."""
+        x, y, z = point.x, point.y, point.z
+        for a, b, c, d in planes:
+            if a * x + b * y + c * z + d < -eps:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def newell_normal(cls, points: Sequence) -> Vector:
+        """Newell's-method normal for a (possibly non-planar) 3D polygon ring.
+
+        Robust for thin / near-degenerate rings where a two-edge cross
+        product would be unstable.
+        """
+        nx = ny = nz = 0.0
+        n = len(points)
+        for i in range(n):
+            cur = points[i]
+            nxt = points[(i + 1) % n]
+            nx += (cur[1] - nxt[1]) * (cur[2] + nxt[2])
+            ny += (cur[2] - nxt[2]) * (cur[0] + nxt[0])
+            nz += (cur[0] - nxt[0]) * (cur[1] + nxt[1])
+        return Vector((nx, ny, nz))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def plane_basis(cls, points: Sequence) -> tuple[Vector, Vector]:
+        """Return an orthonormal ``(u, v)`` basis for the ring's best-fit plane."""
+        normal = cls.newell_normal(points)
+        if normal.length < 1e-12:
+            normal = Vector((0.0, 0.0, 1.0))
+        normal = normal.normalized()
+        ref = Vector((1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+        if abs(normal.x) > 0.9:
+            ref = Vector((0.0, 1.0, 0.0))
+        u = normal.cross(ref)
+        if u.length < 1e-12:
+            ref = Vector((0.0, 0.0, 1.0))
+            u = normal.cross(ref)
+        u = u.normalized()
+        v = normal.cross(u).normalized()
+        return u, v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tessellate_ring_planar(cls, polyline_list: list[list]) -> list[tuple[int, int, int]]:
+        """Triangulate ``[outer, *inners]`` 3D coord rings in their own plane.
+
+        Projects every ring onto the outer ring's best-fit plane and
+        returns ``(i, j, k)`` index triples into the flat
+        ``outer + inners[0] + inners[1] + ...`` vertex list. Falls
+        back to a shapely constrained Delaunay triangulation when
+        ``mathutils.geometry.tessellate_polygon`` silently leaves ring
+        vertices unused (its known failure mode on complex concave
+        polygons-with-holes).
+        """
+        from mathutils.geometry import tessellate_polygon
+
+        if not polyline_list or not polyline_list[0]:
+            return []
+        outer = polyline_list[0]
+        u, v = cls.plane_basis(outer)
+        origin = Vector(outer[0])
+
+        def _project_xy(ring):
+            return [((Vector(co) - origin).dot(u), (Vector(co) - origin).dot(v)) for co in ring]
+
+        projected_xy = [_project_xy(ring) for ring in polyline_list]
+        projected = [[Vector((x, y, 0.0)) for x, y in ring] for ring in projected_xy]
+        triangles = tessellate_polygon(projected)
+
+        n_total = sum(len(r) for r in projected_xy)
+        used = {i for tri in triangles for i in tri}
+        if triangles and len(used) >= n_total:
+            return triangles
+
+        fallback = cls._tessellate_via_shapely(projected_xy)
+        return fallback if fallback else triangles
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _tessellate_via_shapely(cls, projected_xy: list[list[tuple[float, float]]]) -> list[tuple[int, int, int]]:
+        """Constrained-Delaunay fallback for :meth:`tessellate_ring_planar`.
+
+        Honours the polygon's boundary AND holes. Returns ``[]`` when
+        shapely is unavailable or the polygon can't be cleaned via
+        ``buffer(0)``.
+        """
+        try:
+            from shapely.geometry import Polygon
+        except Exception:
+            return []
+        outer = projected_xy[0]
+        inners = projected_xy[1:]
+        if len(outer) < 3:
+            return []
+        try:
+            poly = Polygon(outer, inners)
+            poly = poly if poly.is_valid else poly.buffer(0)
+            if poly.is_empty:
+                return []
+        except Exception:
+            return []
+
+        flat = list(outer)
+        for r in inners:
+            flat.extend(r)
+
+        def _key(x, y):
+            return (round(x, 6), round(y, 6))
+
+        index_of: dict[tuple[float, float], int] = {}
+        for idx, (x, y) in enumerate(flat):
+            index_of.setdefault(_key(x, y), idx)
+
+        try:
+            from shapely import constrained_delaunay_triangles
+
+            res = constrained_delaunay_triangles(poly)
+            tri_geoms = list(getattr(res, "geoms", []) or [])
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                from shapely.ops import triangulate
+
+                tri_geoms = [t for t in triangulate(poly) if poly.contains(t.representative_point())]
+            except Exception:
+                return []
+
+        out: list[tuple[int, int, int]] = []
+        for t in tri_geoms:
+            coords = list(t.exterior.coords)[:-1]
+            if len(coords) != 3:
+                continue
+            idxs = [index_of.get(_key(x, y)) for x, y in coords]
+            if any(i is None for i in idxs):
+                continue
+            out.append(tuple(idxs))
+        return out
+
+    @classmethod
+    def corners_might_cross_clip_planes(
+        cls,
+        planes: tuple[tuple[float, float, float, float], ...],
+        corners: Sequence[Vector],
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Conservative reject test: True if ``corners`` might cross the clip volume.
+
+        Returns False only when at least one plane has ALL corners on its
+        rejected side — meaning the convex hull of ``corners`` is fully
+        outside the clip volume and a per-mesh bisect can be skipped.
+        Returns True otherwise (possibly with false positives — never
+        false negatives), so callers always cap any object that actually
+        crosses the box. ``corners`` is typically the 8 world-space corners
+        of an object's bound box.
+        """
+        for a, b, c, d in planes:
+            if all(a * v.x + b * v.y + c * v.z + d < 0.0 for v in corners):
+                return False
+        return True
+
     def intersect_edge_plane_v2(v1, v2, plane_co, plane_no, eps=1e-9):
         """
         Numpy version of intersect_edge_plane

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/connection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+"""Generic discovery of the connection linking two IFC elements.
+
+Used by ``bim.disconnect_elements`` so the operator surface is one operator
+per disconnect intent (active vs. partner, identified by GlobalId) rather
+than one per rel class. Each lookup returns ``(subject, kind)`` tuples where
+``subject`` is the entity whose teardown effects the disconnect:
+
+- ``"path"`` — ``IfcRelConnectsPathElements`` (wall-wall, wall-roof, etc.).
+  ``subject`` is the rel; removing it disconnects.
+- ``"element-top"`` — ``IfcRelConnectsElements`` with ``Description=="TOP"``
+  (created by ``extend_walls_to_underside``). ``subject`` is the rel.
+- ``"element"`` — any other ``IfcRelConnectsElements``. ``subject`` is the rel.
+- ``"mep-pair-fitting"`` — two MEP elements joined via ``IfcRelConnectsPorts``
+  through a single bridging ``IfcFlowFitting``. ``subject`` is the fitting
+  itself; removing it disconnects. ``OBSTRUCTION`` fittings are excluded
+  here; those go through ``bim.mep_add_obstruction(mode=REMOVE)``.
+
+Add new kinds by extending :py:meth:`Connection.find_rels`. The dispatch in
+``bonsai.core.connection.disconnect_rel`` maps each kind to the right
+post-mutation cleanup; the AST forward-compat guard enforces coverage."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ifcopenshell
+
+
+class Connection:
+    @classmethod
+    def find_rels(
+        cls,
+        elem_a: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+        elem_b: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    ) -> list[tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, str]]:
+        """Return every supported connection linking ``elem_a`` to ``elem_b``
+        as a list of ``(subject, kind)`` tuples — ``subject`` is the entity
+        whose teardown effects the disconnect (the rel itself for
+        relationship-kinds, the bridging fitting for ``"mep-pair-fitting"``).
+        Walks both ``ConnectedTo`` and ``ConnectedFrom`` because either side
+        of a rel can be the relating element, and the same pair may carry
+        rels authored with opposite orientations."""
+        rels: list[tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, str]] = []
+        seen: set[int] = set()
+
+        def _record(rel, kind):
+            if rel.id() not in seen:
+                seen.add(rel.id())
+                rels.append((rel, kind))
+
+        for rel in getattr(elem_a, "ConnectedTo", []) or ():
+            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements") and getattr(rel, "RelatedElement", None) == elem_b:
+                _record(rel, "path")
+        for rel in getattr(elem_a, "ConnectedFrom", []) or ():
+            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements") and getattr(rel, "RelatingElement", None) == elem_b:
+                _record(rel, "path")
+
+        for rel in getattr(elem_a, "ConnectedFrom", []) or ():
+            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements") and getattr(rel, "RelatingElement", None) == elem_b:
+                kind = "element-top" if getattr(rel, "Description", None) == "TOP" else "element"
+                _record(rel, kind)
+        for rel in getattr(elem_a, "ConnectedTo", []) or ():
+            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements") and getattr(rel, "RelatedElement", None) == elem_b:
+                kind = "element-top" if getattr(rel, "Description", None) == "TOP" else "element"
+                _record(rel, kind)
+
+        fitting = tool.System.find_bridging_fitting(elem_a, elem_b)
+        if fitting is not None:
+            _record(fitting, "mep-pair-fitting")
+
+        return rels
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_rel(
+        cls,
+        elem_a: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+        elem_b: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    ) -> tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance | None, str | None]:
+        """Return the first ``(subject, kind)`` or ``(None, None)``. Cheaper
+        than ``find_rels`` when callers only need to know whether a connection
+        exists or what kind it is."""
+        rels = cls.find_rels(elem_a, elem_b)
+        return rels[0] if rels else (None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_rels_for_element(
+        cls,
+        elem: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    ) -> list[tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, str, ifcopenshell.entity_instance]]:
+        """Return every supported connection touching ``elem`` as
+        ``(subject, kind, partner)`` triples. ``partner`` is the *other*
+        element on the connection — the side cascade cleanup must operate on
+        when ``elem`` is being deleted.
+
+        Mirrors :py:meth:`find_rels`'s relationship-kind taxonomy. Notably
+        does NOT emit ``"mep-pair-fitting"`` triples: ``IfcRelConnectsPorts``
+        cleanup is owned by ``tool.Geometry.delete_ifc_object``'s
+        ``remove_port`` loop, which runs unconditionally on any IFC root
+        deletion. Including MEP here would cause the cascade to also remove
+        the bridging fitting when one of its connected segments is deleted —
+        a policy choice (fitting may still join other live segments) that's
+        better left to the user via the explicit disconnect operator.
+        """
+        result: list[tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, str, ifcopenshell.entity_instance]] = []
+        seen: set[int] = set()
+
+        def _record(rel, kind, partner):
+            if partner is None or rel.id() in seen:
+                return
+            seen.add(rel.id())
+            result.append((rel, kind, partner))
+
+        for rel in getattr(elem, "ConnectedTo", []) or ():
+            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements"):
+                _record(rel, "path", getattr(rel, "RelatedElement", None))
+            elif rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements"):
+                kind = "element-top" if getattr(rel, "Description", None) == "TOP" else "element"
+                _record(rel, kind, getattr(rel, "RelatedElement", None))
+        for rel in getattr(elem, "ConnectedFrom", []) or ():
+            if rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsPathElements"):
+                _record(rel, "path", getattr(rel, "RelatingElement", None))
+            elif rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements"):
+                kind = "element-top" if getattr(rel, "Description", None) == "TOP" else "element"
+                _record(rel, kind, getattr(rel, "RelatingElement", None))
+
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def orient_element_top(
+        cls,
+        rel: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+        elem_a: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+        elem_b: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    ) -> tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, ifcopenshell.entity_instance]:
+        """Return ``(wall, slab)`` for an ``IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP)`` rel.
+
+        The ``extend_walls_to_underside`` flow stores slab as the relating
+        side and wall as related — orientation is recovered by checking
+        which input matches which rel attribute. Callers pass any two
+        elements; this resolves which is the wall and which is the slab so
+        post-disconnect cleanup (regenerate-wall-to-underside) targets the
+        right object."""
+        if getattr(rel, "RelatingElement", None) == elem_a:
+            return elem_b, elem_a
+        return elem_a, elem_b

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/drawing.py

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
     ANNOTATION_DATA_TYPE = Literal["empty", "curve", "mesh"]
+    PERSPECTIVE_CAMERA_SHIFT_PROPERTIES = ("PerspectiveShiftX", "PerspectiveShiftY")
     DOCUMENT_TYPE = Literal["SCHEDULE", "REFERENCE"]
     LocationHintLiteral = Literal["PERSPECTIVE", "ORTHOGRAPHIC", "NORTH", "SOUTH", "EAST", "WEST"]
     LOCATION_HINT_LITERALS = ("PERSPECTIVE", "ORTHOGRAPHIC", "NORTH", "SOUTH", "EAST", "WEST")
@@ -453,6 +454,41 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
         camera.matrix_world = matrix
         return camera
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get_perspective_camera_shifts(cls, drawing: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> dict[str, float]:
+        pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(drawing, "EPset_Drawing") or {}
+        shift_x_prop, shift_y_prop = cls.PERSPECTIVE_CAMERA_SHIFT_PROPERTIES
+        return {
+            "shift_x": float(pset.get(shift_x_prop, 0.0) or 0.0),
+            "shift_y": float(pset.get(shift_y_prop, 0.0) or 0.0),
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def sync_perspective_camera_shifts(cls, drawing: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, camera: bpy.types.Camera) -> None:
+        if camera.type != "PERSP":
+            return
+
+        shift_x_prop, shift_y_prop = cls.PERSPECTIVE_CAMERA_SHIFT_PROPERTIES
+        current_shifts = cls.get_perspective_camera_shifts(drawing)
+        new_shifts = {"shift_x": float(camera.shift_x or 0.0), "shift_y": float(camera.shift_y or 0.0)}
+        if tool.Cad.is_x(current_shifts["shift_x"], new_shifts["shift_x"]) and tool.Cad.is_x(
+            current_shifts["shift_y"], new_shifts["shift_y"]
+        ):
+            return
+
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        pset = tool.Pset.get_element_pset(drawing, "EPset_Drawing")
+        if not pset:
+            pset = ifcopenshell.api.pset.add_pset(ifc_file, product=drawing, name="EPset_Drawing")
+        ifcopenshell.api.pset.edit_pset(
+            ifc_file,
+            pset=pset,
+            properties={
+                shift_x_prop: new_shifts["shift_x"],
+                shift_y_prop: new_shifts["shift_y"],
+            },
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     def create_svg_schedule(cls, schedule: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
         import bonsai.bim.module.drawing.scheduler as scheduler
@@ -1009,6 +1045,8 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
         camera_props.has_annotation = True
         camera_props.target_view = "PLAN_VIEW"
         camera_props.is_nts = False
+        camera.shift_x = 0.0
+        camera.shift_y = 0.0
 
         pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(drawing, "EPset_Drawing")
         if pset:
@@ -1044,6 +1082,10 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
                 camera_props.fill_mode = str(pset["FillMode"])
             if "CutMode" in pset:
                 camera_props.cut_mode = str(pset["CutMode"])
+            if camera.type == "PERSP":
+                shifts = cls.get_perspective_camera_shifts(drawing)
+                camera.shift_x = shifts["shift_x"]
+                camera.shift_y = shifts["shift_y"]
 
         camera_props.update_props = update_props
 
@@ -2267,14 +2309,19 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
         cls, drawing: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, ifc_file: Optional[ifcopenshell.file] = None
     ) -> set[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]:
         """returns a set of elements that are included in the drawing"""
-        if ifc_file is None:
+        param_was_none = ifc_file is None
+        if param_was_none:
             ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
-            elements = cls.get_elements_in_camera_view(tool.Ifc.get_object(drawing), bpy.data.objects)
-        else:
-            # This can probably be smarter
-            elements = set(ifc_file.by_type("IfcElement"))
         pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_psets(drawing).get("EPset_Drawing", {})
         include = pset.get("Include", None)
+
+        # Only the active IFC file has Blender objects we can test against the
+        # camera's view frustum, which lets us drop elements - including those
+        # picked by an Include filter - that fall outside the drawing boundary.
+        camera_view_elements = None
+        if (param_was_none or include) and ifc_file is tool.Ifc.get():
+            camera_view_elements = cls.get_elements_in_camera_view(tool.Ifc.get_object(drawing), bpy.data.objects)
+
         if include:
             try:
                 data = json.loads(include)
@@ -2286,7 +2333,16 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
                     elements = ifcopenshell.util.selector.filter_elements(ifc_file, include)
             except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
                 elements = ifcopenshell.util.selector.filter_elements(ifc_file, include)
+            # The Include filter chooses which elements may appear, but they must
+            # still fall within the drawing's camera boundary.
+            if camera_view_elements is not None:
+                elements &= camera_view_elements
         else:
+            if param_was_none:
+                elements = camera_view_elements
+            else:
+                # This can probably be smarter
+                elements = set(ifc_file.by_type("IfcElement"))
             if ifc_file.schema == "IFC2X3":
                 base_elements = set(ifc_file.by_type("IfcElement") + ifc_file.by_type("IfcSpatialStructureElement"))
             else:
@@ -2384,13 +2440,13 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
     @classmethod
     def is_drawing_active(cls) -> bool:
         camera = bpy.context.scene.camera
-        area = tool.Blender.get_view3d_area()
-        return bool(
-            camera is not None
-            and camera.type == "CAMERA"
-            and tool.Blender.get_ifc_definition_id(camera)
-            and area is not None
-        )
+        if not (camera is not None and camera.type == "CAMERA" and tool.Blender.get_ifc_definition_id(camera)):
+            return False
+        # A VIEW_3D area is meaningless (and unobtainable) in background
+        # mode, but isn't otherwise required to generate a drawing.
+        if bpy.app.background:
+            return True
+        return tool.Blender.get_view3d_area() is not None
 
     @classmethod
     def is_camera_orthographic(cls) -> bool:
@@ -2521,10 +2577,19 @@ class Drawing(bonsai.core.tool.Drawing):
                     has_context = True
                     break
 
+        linked_handles: set[bpy.types.Object] = set()
+        for link in tool.Project.get_project_props().get_loaded_links_for_drawings():
+            try:
+                handle = tool.Project.get_link_empty_handle(link)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+            if handle:
+                linked_handles.add(handle)
+
         visible_objects = []
         for obj in bpy.context.view_layer.objects:
             if element := tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj):
-                if element in filtered_elements:
+                if element in filtered_elements or obj in linked_handles:
                     visible_objects.append(obj)
             else:
                 if obj.hide_get() is False:

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/duplicate.py

@@ -248,32 +248,30 @@ class Duplicate(bonsai.core.tool.Duplicate):
         old_to_new: dict[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]],
     ) -> None:
         for element, data in relationship.items():
-            try:
-                new_relating_element = old_to_new.get(data.relating_element)[0]
-                new_related_element = old_to_new.get(data.related_element)[0]
-            except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-                continue
-            new_rel = tool.Ifc.run(
-                "geometry.connect_path",
-                relating_element=new_relating_element,
-                related_element=new_related_element,
-                relating_connection=data.relating_connection_type,
-                related_connection=data.related_connection_type,
-            )
+            new_relating_elements = old_to_new.get(data.relating_element) or []
+            new_related_elements = old_to_new.get(data.related_element) or []
             # connect_path hardcodes priorities to []; restore them post-hoc.
             priority_attrs: dict[str, Any] = {}
             if data.relating_priorities:
                 priority_attrs["RelatingPriorities"] = data.relating_priorities
             if data.related_priorities:
                 priority_attrs["RelatedPriorities"] = data.related_priorities
-            if new_rel is not None and priority_attrs:
-                try:
-                    tool.Ifc.run("attribute.edit_attributes", product=new_rel, attributes=priority_attrs)
-                except (RuntimeError, ifcopenshell.Error) as e:
-                    cls._emit_warning(
-                        f"connection priority restore failed for {new_rel}; "
-                        f"duplicate has empty RelatingPriorities/RelatedPriorities: {e}"
-                    )
+            for new_relating_element, new_related_element in zip(new_relating_elements, new_related_elements):
+                new_rel = tool.Ifc.run(
+                    "geometry.connect_path",
+                    relating_element=new_relating_element,
+                    related_element=new_related_element,
+                    relating_connection=data.relating_connection_type,
+                    related_connection=data.related_connection_type,
+                )
+                if new_rel is not None and priority_attrs:
+                    try:
+                        tool.Ifc.run("attribute.edit_attributes", product=new_rel, attributes=priority_attrs)
+                    except (RuntimeError, ifcopenshell.Error) as e:
+                        cls._emit_warning(
+                            f"connection priority restore failed for {new_rel}; "
+                            f"duplicate has empty RelatingPriorities/RelatedPriorities: {e}"
+                        )
 
     @classmethod
     def recreate_port_connections(
@@ -283,46 +281,43 @@ class Duplicate(bonsai.core.tool.Duplicate):
     ) -> None:
         """Recreate ``IfcRelConnectsPorts`` between duplicates; skip records whose duplicate's port count diverges from the snapshot."""
         for relating_element, records in snapshot.by_element.items():
+            new_relatings = old_to_new.get(relating_element) or []
+            expected_relating = snapshot.port_counts.get(relating_element)
             for record in records:
                 related_element = record.related_element
-                try:
-                    new_relating = old_to_new[relating_element][0]
-                    new_related = old_to_new[related_element][0]
-                except (KeyError, IndexError):
-                    continue
-
-                new_relating_ports = tool.System.get_ports(new_relating)
-                new_related_ports = tool.System.get_ports(new_related)
-
-                expected_relating = snapshot.port_counts.get(relating_element)
-                if expected_relating is not None and len(new_relating_ports) != expected_relating:
-                    cls._emit_warning(
-                        f"port reconnect skipped — duplicate has {len(new_relating_ports)} ports, "
-                        f"snapshot had {expected_relating}"
-                    )
-                    continue
+                new_relateds = old_to_new.get(related_element) or []
                 expected_related = snapshot.port_counts.get(related_element)
-                if expected_related is not None and len(new_related_ports) != expected_related:
-                    cls._emit_warning(
-                        f"port reconnect skipped — duplicate has {len(new_related_ports)} ports, "
-                        f"snapshot had {expected_related}"
-                    )
-                    continue
+                for new_relating, new_related in zip(new_relatings, new_relateds):
+                    new_relating_ports = tool.System.get_ports(new_relating)
+                    new_related_ports = tool.System.get_ports(new_related)
 
-                try:
-                    new_port_a = new_relating_ports[record.relating_port_index]
-                    new_port_b = new_related_ports[record.related_port_index]
-                except IndexError:
-                    cls._emit_warning(
-                        f"port reconnect skipped — record references port index past the duplicate's port list"
-                    )
-                    continue
-                try:
-                    tool.Ifc.run(
-                        "system.connect_port",
-                        port1=new_port_a,
-                        port2=new_port_b,
-                        direction=record.direction or "NOTDEFINED",
-                    )
-                except (RuntimeError, ifcopenshell.Error) as e:
-                    cls._emit_warning(f"port reconnect failed between duplicates: {e}")
+                    if expected_relating is not None and len(new_relating_ports) != expected_relating:
+                        cls._emit_warning(
+                            f"port reconnect skipped — duplicate has {len(new_relating_ports)} ports, "
+                            f"snapshot had {expected_relating}"
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if expected_related is not None and len(new_related_ports) != expected_related:
+                        cls._emit_warning(
+                            f"port reconnect skipped — duplicate has {len(new_related_ports)} ports, "
+                            f"snapshot had {expected_related}"
+                        )
+                        continue
+
+                    try:
+                        new_port_a = new_relating_ports[record.relating_port_index]
+                        new_port_b = new_related_ports[record.related_port_index]
+                    except IndexError:
+                        cls._emit_warning(
+                            f"port reconnect skipped — record references port index past the duplicate's port list"
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        tool.Ifc.run(
+                            "system.connect_port",
+                            port1=new_port_a,
+                            port2=new_port_b,
+                            direction=record.direction or "NOTDEFINED",
+                        )
+                    except (RuntimeError, ifcopenshell.Error) as e:
+                        cls._emit_warning(f"port reconnect failed between duplicates: {e}")

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/geometry.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import multiprocessing
 import struct
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from math import pi, radians
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ from typing_extensions import TypeIs
 
 import bonsai.bim.helper
 import bonsai.bim.import_ifc
+import bonsai.core.connection
 import bonsai.core.drawing
 import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.core.root
@@ -129,6 +131,85 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
         if cache and hasattr(element, "GlobalId"):
             cache.remove(element.GlobalId)
 
+    # Per-host work coalesced by `batch_host_recut`. Keys are voided element ifc ids;
+    # dict insertion preserves call ordering. Recut values store the representation at
+    # enqueue time, but the drain re-reads `get_active_representation` so the recut
+    # always reflects current IFC state.
+    _host_batch_depth: int = 0
+    _host_recut_queue: dict[int, tuple[bpy.types.Object, ifcopenshell.entity_instance]] = {}
+    _host_update_queue: dict[int, bpy.types.Object] = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    @contextmanager
+    def batch_host_recut(cls) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Coalesce host body work — `recut_host` and `update_host_representation`
+        calls inside the with-block enqueue by voided element id. On the outermost
+        exit: every host's `update_representation` runs first (writes Blender mesh
+        back to IFC), then every host's `switch_representation` runs (reads IFC +
+        openings → Blender mesh). The two-phase order matters: a recut that ran
+        before the matching update_representation would re-tessellate against stale
+        IFC, losing the user's edits.
+
+        Nests safely — only the outermost exit drains. The depth counter and queues
+        are reset on exit even if the body raises."""
+        cls._host_batch_depth += 1
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            cls._host_batch_depth -= 1
+            if cls._host_batch_depth == 0:
+                update_queue = cls._host_update_queue
+                recut_queue = cls._host_recut_queue
+                cls._host_update_queue = {}
+                cls._host_recut_queue = {}
+                for voided_obj in update_queue.values():
+                    try:
+                        if not voided_obj or not voided_obj.data:
+                            continue
+                    except ReferenceError:
+                        # Blender object was deleted while the batch was open
+                        # (e.g. user removed it via the outliner mid-op).
+                        continue
+                    if tool.Ifc.get_entity(voided_obj) is None:
+                        continue
+                    bpy.ops.bim.update_representation(obj=voided_obj.name)
+                for voided_obj, _ in recut_queue.values():
+                    try:
+                        if not voided_obj or not voided_obj.data:
+                            continue
+                    except ReferenceError:
+                        continue
+                    if tool.Ifc.get_entity(voided_obj) is None:
+                        continue
+                    current_rep = cls.get_active_representation(voided_obj)
+                    if current_rep is None:
+                        continue
+                    bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
+                        tool.Ifc, cls, obj=voided_obj, representation=current_rep
+                    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def recut_host(cls, voided_obj: bpy.types.Object, representation: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
+        """Recut a host's body representation. Inside `batch_host_recut`, enqueues
+        by voided element id; outside, fires `switch_representation` directly."""
+        if cls._host_batch_depth > 0:
+            element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(voided_obj)
+            if element is not None:
+                cls._host_recut_queue[element.id()] = (voided_obj, representation)
+            return
+        bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(tool.Ifc, cls, obj=voided_obj, representation=representation)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_host_representation(cls, voided_obj: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
+        """Run `bim.update_representation` on a host. Inside `batch_host_recut`,
+        enqueues by voided element id; outside, fires the operator directly."""
+        if cls._host_batch_depth > 0:
+            element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(voided_obj)
+            if element is not None:
+                cls._host_update_queue[element.id()] = voided_obj
+            return
+        bpy.ops.bim.update_representation(obj=voided_obj.name)
+
     @classmethod
     def has_axis_representation(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
         """True if the element carries a shape representation whose
@@ -156,6 +237,112 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
         for modifier in obj.modifiers:
             obj.modifiers.remove(modifier)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _group_edges_into_loops(cls, edges) -> list[list]:
+        """Group an edge set into connected components by shared vertices.
+
+        Each returned group is a list of edges that share at least one
+        vertex chain. A hollow profile's bisect produces two disjoint
+        loops (outer ring + inner ring) — grouping splits them so each
+        can be filled independently as a separate cap face, rather than
+        ``contextual_create`` welding them into one solid outer face
+        with the inner loop demoted to interior decoration.
+        """
+        edge_set = set(edges)
+        visited: set = set()
+        groups: list[list] = []
+        for start in edges:
+            if start in visited:
+                continue
+            group: list = []
+            stack: list = [start]
+            while stack:
+                e = stack.pop()
+                if e in visited:
+                    continue
+                visited.add(e)
+                group.append(e)
+                for v in e.verts:
+                    for adj in v.link_edges:
+                        if adj in edge_set and adj not in visited:
+                            stack.append(adj)
+            groups.append(group)
+        return groups
+
+    @classmethod
+    def bisect_and_cap(
+        cls,
+        bm,
+        planes_local,
+        *,
+        tag_layer_name: str = "bbim_cap",
+        dist: float = 1e-4,
+        weld_dist: float = 1e-5,
+    ):
+        """Clip ``bm`` against each ``(plane_co, plane_no)`` and fill the cuts.
+
+        Per plane, ``bmesh.ops.bisect_plane(clear_outer=True)`` discards
+        the outside half-space and ``bmesh.ops.contextual_create`` fills
+        the resulting cut edges with cap faces tagged via a BMesh int
+        layer so the tag propagates to any split-children from subsequent
+        planes. After all planes, near-coincident vertices are welded
+        (``weld_dist``) so adjacent caps from the same cross-section
+        merge cleanly.
+
+        Callers are responsible for input mesh quality. Non-watertight
+        inputs (terrain, single-shell surfaces) may produce degenerate
+        cap faces; that's an accepted user-supplied data limitation.
+
+        Returns the cap-tag BMLayerItem, or ``None`` if ``bm`` is empty.
+        """
+        import bmesh
+
+        if not bm.faces:
+            return None
+
+        # Pre-weld nearby verts: T-junctions in messy IFC meshes (a third
+        # vertex sitting in the middle of an edge from a Boolean
+        # operation) make the bisect cut terminate early, leaving open
+        # loops that no fill op can close. Welding the T-junction's
+        # near-coincident vertex into the host edge before bisecting
+        # turns the cut into a closed loop.
+        bmesh.ops.remove_doubles(bm, verts=bm.verts[:], dist=max(weld_dist, 1e-4))
+
+        cap_layer = bm.faces.layers.int.new(tag_layer_name)
+        for plane_co, plane_no in planes_local:
+            geom = bm.verts[:] + bm.edges[:] + bm.faces[:]
+            if not geom:
+                break
+            results = bmesh.ops.bisect_plane(
+                bm,
+                geom=geom,
+                dist=dist,
+                plane_co=plane_co,
+                plane_no=plane_no,
+                clear_outer=True,
+            )
+            cut_edges = [e for e in results["geom_cut"] if isinstance(e, bmesh.types.BMEdge)]
+            if not cut_edges:
+                continue
+            # Group cut edges into connected components BEFORE filling.
+            # Feeding ``contextual_create`` all edges at once (outer +
+            # inner of a hollow profile) makes it create a SINGLE outer
+            # face and treat inner edges as decoration — collapsing the
+            # hole. Filling each connected loop separately produces one
+            # cap face per ring.
+            for loop_edges in cls._group_edges_into_loops(cut_edges):
+                try:
+                    fill = bmesh.ops.contextual_create(bm, geom=loop_edges)
+                except (RuntimeError, TypeError):
+                    continue
+                for f in fill.get("faces", []):
+                    if isinstance(f, bmesh.types.BMFace) and f.is_valid:
+                        f[cap_layer] = 1
+
+        if weld_dist > 0.0:
+            bmesh.ops.remove_doubles(bm, verts=bm.verts[:], dist=weld_dist)
+        return cap_layer
+
     @classmethod
     def clear_scale(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
         """Apply and clear object scale.
@@ -271,12 +458,38 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
         bpy.data.objects.remove(obj)
 
     @classmethod
-    def delete_ifc_object(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
+    def delete_ifc_object(
+        cls,
+        obj: bpy.types.Object,
+        batch_being_deleted_ids: Optional[set[int]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
         ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
         element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
         if not element:
             return
-        elif element.is_a("IfcAnnotation"):
+        # Cascade connection-rel teardown — symmetric to bim.disconnect_elements.
+        # When a slab connected to a wall via IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP) is deleted,
+        # the wall's trim booleans + BBIM_Boolean pset would otherwise be orphaned.
+        # skip_elem_recreate is always True here because we're inside delete: the
+        # element is about to vanish, so re-extruding it would be wasted work.
+        # skip_partner_recreate fires only when the partner is also queued in the
+        # same OverrideDelete batch.
+        if element.is_a("IfcRoot"):
+            skip_ids = batch_being_deleted_ids or set()
+            for subject, kind, partner in tool.Connection.find_rels_for_element(element):
+                bonsai.core.connection.disconnect_rel(
+                    tool.Ifc,
+                    tool.Geometry,
+                    tool.Model,
+                    tool.Connection,
+                    subject=subject,
+                    kind=kind,
+                    elem=element,
+                    partner=partner,
+                    skip_elem_recreate=True,
+                    skip_partner_recreate=(partner.id() in skip_ids),
+                )
+        if element.is_a("IfcAnnotation"):
             if element.ObjectType == "DRAWING":
                 return bonsai.core.drawing.remove_drawing(tool.Ifc, tool.Drawing, drawing=element)
             elif tool.Drawing.is_auto_annotation(element):
@@ -641,7 +854,13 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
             and isinstance(data, Geometry.TYPES_WITH_MESH_PROPERTIES)
             and (ifc_id := tool.Geometry.get_mesh_props(data).ifc_definition_id)
         ):
-            return tool.Ifc.get().by_id(ifc_id)
+            try:
+                return tool.Ifc.get().by_id(ifc_id)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                # Stale id: a representation rebuild freed the old entity
+                # while obj.data still tracks its id. Treated as "no active
+                # representation" — same contract as a mesh with id 0.
+                return None
 
     @classmethod
     def get_data_representation(cls, data: bpy.types.ID) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance | None:
@@ -2270,84 +2489,16 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
         old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name: dict[str, str] = {}
 
         for obj in objects_to_duplicate:
-            element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
-            if element:
-                if element.is_a("IfcAnnotation") and element.ObjectType == "DRAWING":
-                    tool.Blender.deselect_object(obj)
-                    continue  # For now, don't copy drawings until we stabilise a bit more. It's tricky.
-                elif tool.Geometry.is_locked(element):
-                    tool.Blender.deselect_object(obj)
-                    continue
-            elif tool.Geometry.is_representation_item(obj):
-                cls.duplicate_ifc_item(obj)
-                continue
-
-            tracked_opening_type = tool.Model.get_tracked_opening_type(obj)
-            is_tracked_opening = bool(tracked_opening_type)
-            keep_data_linked = linked and not element and not is_tracked_opening
-
-            # Prior to duplicating, sync the object placement to make decomposition recreation more stable.
-            cls.commit_placement_if_moved(obj, apply_scale=False)
-
-            new_obj = obj.copy()
-            temp_data = None
-
-            # Currently for optimization we do not apply pending changes (scale or changed .data)
-            # to the original and duplicated objects.
-            # Keep new object edited if original is.
-            if tool.Ifc.is_edited(obj, ignore_scale=True):
-                tool.Ifc.edit(new_obj)
-
-            if obj.data and not keep_data_linked:
-                # assure root.copy_class won't replace the previous mesh globally
-                temp_data = obj.data.copy()
-                new_obj.data = temp_data
-
-                # Unlink from previous boolean element
-                # and keep object tracked for decorations.
-                if is_tracked_opening:
-                    mprops = tool.Geometry.get_mesh_props(new_obj.data)
-                    mprops.ifc_boolean_id = 0
-                    tool.Root.add_tracked_opening(new_obj, tracked_opening_type)
-
-            if obj == active_object:
-                new_active_obj = new_obj
-            for collection in obj.users_collection:
-                collection.objects.link(new_obj)
-            obj.select_set(False)
-            new_obj.select_set(True)
-            old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name[obj.name] = new_obj.name
-
-            if not element:
-                continue
-
-            # clear object's collection so it will be able to have it's own
-            tool.Blender.get_object_bim_props(new_obj).collection = None
-            # copy the actual class
-            new = bonsai.core.root.copy_class(tool.Ifc, tool.Collector, tool.Geometry, tool.Root, obj=new_obj)
-
-            # clean up the orphaned mesh with ifc id of the original object to avoid confusion
-            # IfcGridAxis keeps the same mesh data (it's pointing to ifc id 0, so it's not a problem)
-            if new and temp_data and not new.is_a("IfcGridAxis"):
-                if new.is_a("IfcRelSpaceBoundary"):
-                    surface = new.ConnectionGeometry.SurfaceOnRelatingElement
-                    temp_data.name = f"0/{surface.id()}"
-                    tool.Ifc.link(surface, temp_data)
-                else:
-                    tool.Blender.remove_data_block(temp_data)
-
-            if new:
-                # TODO: handle array data for other cases of duplication
-                array_data = arrays_to_duplicate.get(obj, None)
-                tool.Model.handle_array_on_copied_element(new, array_data)
-                if array_data:
-                    for child in tool.Array.get_all_children_objects(new):
-                        child.select_set(True)
-
-                # TODO: add new array children to recreate their decomposition too
-                old_to_new[element] = [new]
-                if new.is_a("IfcRelSpaceBoundary"):
-                    tool.Boundary.decorate_boundary(new_obj)
+            new_active = cls._duplicate_ifc_object_once(
+                obj,
+                active_object,
+                linked,
+                arrays_to_duplicate,
+                old_to_new,
+                old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name,
+            )
+            if new_active is not None:
+                new_active_obj = new_active
 
         # Remap Blender parent relationships for duplicated objects
         for old_obj_name, new_obj_name in old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name.items():
@@ -2375,10 +2526,211 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
         # Recreate decompositions
         tool.Duplicate.recreate_decompositions(decomposition_relationships, old_to_new)
         cls.remove_linked_aggregate_data(old_to_new)
+
+        # In-loop regenerate_wall runs before recreate_connections, so any new
+        # walls that just received an IfcRelConnectsPathElements have stale
+        # junction geometry — recalculate them now that their connection graph
+        # is complete.
+        cls._recalculate_walls_with_new_connections(old_to_new)
+
         bonsai.bim.handler.refresh_ui_data()
         tool.Root.reload_grid_decorator()
         return old_to_new, new_active_obj or active_object
 
+    @classmethod
+    def duplicate_ifc_object_n_times(
+        cls, source: bpy.types.Object, count: int
+    ) -> dict[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]]:
+        """N-way duplicate of a single source.
+
+        Same per-copy semantics as duplicate_ifc_objects (IFC class copy,
+        decomposition + connection recreation, body regen for walls), but
+        bypasses the set() dedupe and the arrays_to_duplicate pre-scan so
+        callers building a fresh array don't pay per-call overhead N times.
+        Returns the same old_to_new dict shape, with the source element
+        mapping to the N new entities."""
+        if count <= 0:
+            return {}
+
+        sources = {source}
+        decomposition_relationships = tool.Duplicate.get_decomposition_relationships(sources)
+        connection_relationships = tool.Duplicate.get_connection_relationships(sources)
+        port_connection_snapshot = tool.Duplicate.get_port_connection_relationships(sources)
+        old_to_new: dict[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]] = {}
+        old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        for _ in range(count):
+            cls._duplicate_ifc_object_once(
+                source,
+                None,
+                False,
+                {},
+                old_to_new,
+                old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name,
+                keep_source_selected=True,
+            )
+
+        for old_obj_name, new_obj_name in old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name.items():
+            new_obj = bpy.data.objects.get(new_obj_name)
+            if new_obj and new_obj.parent and new_obj.parent.name in old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name:
+                world_matrix = new_obj.matrix_world.copy()
+                new_parent_name = old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name[new_obj.parent.name]
+                new_parent = bpy.data.objects.get(new_parent_name)
+                if new_parent:
+                    new_obj.parent = new_parent
+                    new_obj.matrix_world = world_matrix
+
+        for old in old_to_new.keys():
+            if old.is_a("IfcElementAssembly"):
+                tool.Root.recreate_aggregate(old_to_new)
+
+        cls.remove_old_connections(old_to_new)
+        tool.Duplicate.recreate_connections(connection_relationships, old_to_new)
+        tool.Duplicate.recreate_port_connections(port_connection_snapshot, old_to_new)
+        tool.Duplicate.recreate_decompositions(decomposition_relationships, old_to_new)
+        cls.remove_linked_aggregate_data(old_to_new)
+        cls._recalculate_walls_with_new_connections(old_to_new)
+        bonsai.bim.handler.refresh_ui_data()
+        tool.Root.reload_grid_decorator()
+        return old_to_new
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _duplicate_ifc_object_once(
+        cls,
+        obj: bpy.types.Object,
+        active_object: Optional[bpy.types.Object],
+        linked: bool,
+        arrays_to_duplicate: dict[bpy.types.Object, Any],
+        old_to_new: dict[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]],
+        old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name: dict[str, str],
+        keep_source_selected: bool = False,
+    ) -> Optional[bpy.types.Object]:
+        """Per-source body of the duplicate flow. Mutates old_to_new and
+        old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name in place. Returns new_obj when obj is
+        the active_object, else None.
+
+        keep_source_selected: when True, skip the source deselect so batched
+        callers can run N iterations without N×2 select flips and without
+        needing a post-loop restore on the source."""
+        new_active_obj: Optional[bpy.types.Object] = None
+        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+        if element:
+            if element.is_a("IfcAnnotation") and element.ObjectType == "DRAWING":
+                tool.Blender.deselect_object(obj)
+                return None  # For now, don't copy drawings until we stabilise a bit more. It's tricky.
+            elif tool.Geometry.is_locked(element):
+                tool.Blender.deselect_object(obj)
+                return None
+        elif tool.Geometry.is_representation_item(obj):
+            cls.duplicate_ifc_item(obj)
+            return None
+
+        tracked_opening_type = tool.Model.get_tracked_opening_type(obj)
+        is_tracked_opening = bool(tracked_opening_type)
+        keep_data_linked = linked and not element and not is_tracked_opening
+
+        # Prior to duplicating, sync the object placement to make decomposition recreation more stable.
+        cls.commit_placement_if_moved(obj, apply_scale=False)
+
+        new_obj = obj.copy()
+        temp_data = None
+
+        # Currently for optimization we do not apply pending changes (scale or changed .data)
+        # to the original and duplicated objects.
+        # Keep new object edited if original is.
+        if tool.Ifc.is_edited(obj, ignore_scale=True):
+            tool.Ifc.edit(new_obj)
+
+        if obj.data and not keep_data_linked:
+            # assure root.copy_class won't replace the previous mesh globally
+            temp_data = obj.data.copy()
+            new_obj.data = temp_data
+
+            # Unlink from previous boolean element
+            # and keep object tracked for decorations.
+            if is_tracked_opening:
+                mprops = tool.Geometry.get_mesh_props(new_obj.data)
+                mprops.ifc_boolean_id = 0
+                tool.Root.add_tracked_opening(new_obj, tracked_opening_type)
+
+        if obj == active_object:
+            new_active_obj = new_obj
+        for collection in obj.users_collection:
+            collection.objects.link(new_obj)
+        if not keep_source_selected:
+            obj.select_set(False)
+        new_obj.select_set(True)
+        old_obj_name_to_new_obj_name[obj.name] = new_obj.name
+
+        if not element:
+            return new_active_obj
+
+        # clear object's collection so it will be able to have it's own
+        tool.Blender.get_object_bim_props(new_obj).collection = None
+        # copy the actual class
+        new = bonsai.core.root.copy_class(tool.Ifc, tool.Collector, tool.Geometry, tool.Root, obj=new_obj)
+
+        # clean up the orphaned mesh with ifc id of the original object to avoid confusion
+        # IfcGridAxis keeps the same mesh data (it's pointing to ifc id 0, so it's not a problem)
+        if new and temp_data and not new.is_a("IfcGridAxis"):
+            if new.is_a("IfcRelSpaceBoundary"):
+                surface = new.ConnectionGeometry.SurfaceOnRelatingElement
+                temp_data.name = f"0/{surface.id()}"
+                tool.Ifc.link(surface, temp_data)
+            else:
+                tool.Blender.remove_data_block(temp_data)
+
+        if new:
+            # TODO: handle array data for other cases of duplication
+            array_data = arrays_to_duplicate.get(obj, None)
+            tool.Model.handle_array_on_copied_element(new, array_data)
+            if array_data:
+                for child in tool.Array.get_all_children_objects(new):
+                    child.select_set(True)
+
+            # TODO: add new array children to recreate their decomposition too
+            old_to_new.setdefault(element, []).append(new)
+            if new.is_a("IfcRelSpaceBoundary"):
+                tool.Boundary.decorate_boundary(new_obj)
+            # Slab-trim booleans (from extend_walls_to_underside) belong to
+            # the source wall's connection, not the copy. Strip them so the
+            # duplicate reverts to its pre-clip extrusion — mirrors the way
+            # filling rels are dropped while manual booleans persist on copy.
+            # Reload the body when something was stripped so the viewport
+            # immediately shows the unclipped geometry; otherwise the user
+            # sees a stale mesh until they Shift+G, which is easy to miss.
+            if new.is_a("IfcWall"):
+                if tool.Model.strip_underside_booleans(new):
+                    tool.Model.reload_body_representation(new_obj)
+                # HasOpenings rels don't follow object duplication, so
+                # the duplicate's body must rebuild to match its current
+                # opening set.
+                else:
+                    tool.Model.regenerate_wall(new_obj)
+
+        return new_active_obj
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _recalculate_walls_with_new_connections(
+        cls, old_to_new: dict[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Recalculate new IfcWall duplicates that just received an
+        ``IfcRelConnectsPathElements``. The in-loop ``regenerate_wall`` runs
+        before ``recreate_connections``, so wall body geometry doesn't reflect
+        the junction until this second pass."""
+        walls_to_recalc: list[bpy.types.Object] = []
+        for new_list in old_to_new.values():
+            for new_entity in new_list:
+                if not new_entity.is_a("IfcWall"):
+                    continue
+                if not (getattr(new_entity, "ConnectedTo", None) or getattr(new_entity, "ConnectedFrom", None)):
+                    continue
+                new_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(new_entity)
+                if new_obj is not None:
+                    walls_to_recalc.append(new_obj)
+        if walls_to_recalc:
+            tool.Model.recalculate_walls(walls_to_recalc)
+
     @classmethod
     def duplicate_ifc_item(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
         props = tool.Geometry.get_geometry_props()
@@ -2430,7 +2782,10 @@ class Geometry(bonsai.core.tool.Geometry):
             pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(element, "BBIM_Array")
             if not pset:
                 continue
-            array_parents.add(tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(pset["Parent"]))
+            try:
+                array_parents.add(tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(pset["Parent"]))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                continue
 
         for array_parent in array_parents:
             array_parent_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(array_parent)

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/loader.py

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class Loader(bonsai.core.tool.Loader):
                 uv_mode = "Generated"
             elif coordinates.is_a("IfcTextureCoordinateGenerator") and coordinates.Mode == "COORD-EYE":
                 uv_mode = "Camera"
-        surface_texture["uv_mode"] = uv_mode or "Generated"
+        surface_texture["uv_mode"] = uv_mode or "UV"
         return surface_texture
 
     @classmethod
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class Loader(bonsai.core.tool.Loader):
                     image_url = str(image_url)
                     if is_relative and bpy.data.filepath:
                         image_url = bpy.path.relpath(image_url)
-                    return bpy.data.images.load(image_url)
+                    return bpy.data.images.load(image_url, check_existing=True)
 
                 elif texture["type"] == "IfcBlobTexture":
                     # https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/173206/how-to-efficiently-convert-a-pil-image-to-bpy-types-image
@@ -472,12 +472,23 @@ class Loader(bonsai.core.tool.Loader):
                         print(f"{mode} Mode texture will be skipped.")
                     continue
 
-                if (image := get_image) is None:
+                if (image := get_image()) is None:
                     continue
 
-                # remove RGB node from `create_surface_style_rendering`
-                prev_node = bsdf.inputs[2].links[0].from_node
-                blender_material.node_tree.nodes.remove(prev_node)
+                # Replace whatever currently feeds the FLAT color input (RGB or previous texture chain).
+                for link in list(bsdf.inputs[2].links):
+                    prev_node = link.from_node
+                    blender_material.node_tree.links.remove(link)
+                    if prev_node.type == "TEX_IMAGE":
+                        # Remove linked texture coordinate node if it's no longer used.
+                        for vec_link in list(prev_node.inputs["Vector"].links):
+                            coord_node = vec_link.from_node
+                            blender_material.node_tree.links.remove(vec_link)
+                            if coord_node.type == "TEX_COORD" and not any(o.links for o in coord_node.outputs):
+                                blender_material.node_tree.nodes.remove(coord_node)
+                        blender_material.node_tree.nodes.remove(prev_node)
+                    elif prev_node.type == "RGB":
+                        blender_material.node_tree.nodes.remove(prev_node)
 
                 node = blender_material.node_tree.nodes.new(type="ShaderNodeTexImage")
                 node.location = bsdf.location - Vector((200, 250))

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/model.py

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ from ifcopenshell.util.shape_builder import ShapeBuilder, np_to_3d
 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
 
 import bonsai.core.geometry
+import bonsai.core.model
 import bonsai.core.tool
 import bonsai.tool as tool
 from bonsai.bim import import_ifc
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         BIMPolylineProperties,
         BIMRailingProperties,
         BIMRoofProperties,
+        BIMSlabProperties,
         BIMStairProperties,
         BIMSverchokProperties,
         BIMWallProperties,
@@ -118,6 +120,10 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
     def get_railing_props(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> BIMRailingProperties:
         return obj.BIMRailingProperties  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get_slab_props(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> BIMSlabProperties:
+        return obj.BIMSlabProperties  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
     @classmethod
     def get_pipe_segment_props(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> BIMPipeSegmentProperties:
         return obj.BIMPipeSegmentProperties  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
@@ -809,7 +815,7 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         unit_scale = ifcopenshell.util.unit.calculate_unit_scale(tool.Ifc.get())
         layer_params = tool.Model.get_material_layer_parameters(element)
         layer_offset = layer_params["offset"]
-        thickness = layer_params["thickness"] / unit_scale
+        thickness = layer_params["thickness"]
         props = tool.Material.get_object_material_props(obj)
 
         # Try to load from pset if not already in props
@@ -817,7 +823,7 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
             pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(element, "BBIM_MaterialLayer")
             if pset and pset.get("UseCustomOffset", False):
                 # Load from pset
-                custom_offset = pset.get("CustomOffset", 0.0)
+                custom_offset = pset.get("CustomOffset", 0.0) * unit_scale
                 usage_type = tool.Model.get_usage_type(element)
 
                 if usage_type == "LAYER2":
@@ -830,7 +836,7 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
                 return None
         else:
             # Use current props
-            custom_offset = props.custom_offset / unit_scale
+            custom_offset = props.custom_offset
             if tool.Model.get_usage_type(element) == "LAYER2":
                 custom_offset_reference = props.custom_wall_reference
             elif tool.Model.get_usage_type(element) == "LAYER3":
@@ -841,17 +847,17 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         direction_sense = layer_params["direction_sense"]
 
         if direction_sense == "POSITIVE" and custom_offset_reference in {"INTERIOR", "TOP"}:
-            layer_offset = custom_offset - thickness * unit_scale
+            layer_offset = custom_offset - thickness
         if direction_sense == "POSITIVE" and custom_offset_reference in {"CENTER", "MIDDLE"}:
-            layer_offset = custom_offset - (thickness / 2) * unit_scale
+            layer_offset = custom_offset - (thickness / 2)
         if (direction_sense == "POSITIVE" and custom_offset_reference in {"EXTERIOR", "BOTTOM"}) or (
             direction_sense == "NEGATIVE" and custom_offset_reference in {"EXTERIOR", "TOP"}
         ):
             layer_offset = custom_offset
         if direction_sense == "NEGATIVE" and custom_offset_reference in {"CENTER", "MIDDLE"}:
-            layer_offset = custom_offset + (thickness / 2) * unit_scale
+            layer_offset = custom_offset + (thickness / 2)
         if direction_sense == "NEGATIVE" and custom_offset_reference in {"INTERIOR", "BOTTOM"}:
-            layer_offset = custom_offset + thickness * unit_scale
+            layer_offset = custom_offset + thickness
 
         return layer_offset / unit_scale
 
@@ -904,6 +910,46 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         """Return True if element has an IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP) relationship."""
         return any(rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements") and rel.Description == "TOP" for rel in element.ConnectedFrom)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_underside_booleans(cls, wall: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
+        """Remove slab-trim ``IfcBooleanResult`` items from a wall's body chain.
+
+        Returns ``True`` if any boolean was removed, so the caller knows whether
+        a Blender-side body reload is needed to surface the geometry change.
+
+        Hook for the duplicate path (Shift+D): the source wall's clip booleans
+        don't make sense on a copy pulled away from the slab. Booleans whose
+        ``SecondOperand.is_a("IfcTessellatedFaceSet")`` are removed — same
+        imprecise discriminator the rest of the wall-to-underside machinery
+        uses (manual cuts authored from tessellated meshes would also be
+        stripped, but most manual cuts use ``IfcExtrudedAreaSolid`` / CSG
+        primitives and are unaffected).
+
+        Cannot reuse ``remove_wall_to_underside_booleans`` here because the
+        duplicate's ``BBIM_Boolean.Data`` holds the source wall's stale ids —
+        ``get_manual_booleans`` returns empty on the copy and the helper
+        early-returns. The duplicate hook works directly off the chain.
+        """
+        representation = tool.Geometry.get_body_representation(wall)
+        if not representation:
+            return False
+        chain = cls.get_booleans(wall, representation)
+        to_remove = [b for b in chain if (sec := b.SecondOperand) is not None and sec.is_a("IfcTessellatedFaceSet")]
+        for b in to_remove:
+            tool.Geometry.remove_representation_item(b.SecondOperand, wall)
+        # Sweep the now-stale BBIM_Boolean entries on the copy (their ids point
+        # at booleans that were never in this wall's chain — they survived the
+        # ifcopenshell deep copy as JSON text in the pset payload).
+        pset_data = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(wall, "BBIM_Boolean")
+        if pset_data:
+            representation = tool.Geometry.get_body_representation(wall)
+            chain_ids = {b.id() for b in cls.get_booleans(wall, representation)} if representation else set()
+            stored_ids = set(json.loads(pset_data["Data"]))
+            stale_ids = stored_ids - chain_ids
+            if stale_ids:
+                cls.unmark_manual_booleans(wall, list(stale_ids))
+        return bool(to_remove)
+
     @classmethod
     def remove_wall_to_underside_booleans(cls, wall: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
         """Remove all IfcBooleanResult items previously added by extend_walls_to_underside."""
@@ -1199,6 +1245,42 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         cls, parent_obj: bpy.types.Object, data: list[dict[str, Any]], array_layers_to_apply: Iterable[int] = tuple()
     ) -> None:
         """`array_layers_to_apply` - list of array layer indices to apply"""
+        with tool.Geometry.batch_host_recut():
+            cls._regenerate_array_body(parent_obj, data, array_layers_to_apply)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _prune_orphan_array_children(cls, array: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Drop GUIDs from ``array['children']`` whose IFC entity or Blender
+        object is no longer alive, and cascade-remove the orphan IFC entity
+        if it still exists. Outliner / keyboard delete of a Bonsai-managed
+        object bypasses ``bim.delete``'s cascade, leaving dangling opening
+        and filling references that later confuse regen and crash the
+        ``batch_host_recut`` drain."""
+        live_guids: list[str] = []
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        for guid in array["children"]:
+            try:
+                element = ifc_file.by_guid(guid)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                continue
+            obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(element)
+            try:
+                is_live = obj is not None and obj.data is not None
+            except ReferenceError:
+                is_live = False
+            if is_live:
+                live_guids.append(guid)
+                continue
+            try:
+                ifcopenshell.api.root.remove_product(ifc_file, product=element)
+            except (RuntimeError, ifcopenshell.Error):
+                pass
+        array["children"] = live_guids
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _regenerate_array_body(
+        cls, parent_obj: bpy.types.Object, data: list[dict[str, Any]], array_layers_to_apply: Iterable[int]
+    ) -> None:
         parent_element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(parent_obj)
 
         if pset := ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(parent_element, "BBIM_Array"):
@@ -1210,6 +1292,7 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         obj_stack = [parent_obj]
 
         for array_i, array in enumerate(data):
+            cls._prune_orphan_array_children(array)
             child_i = 0
             existing_children = set(array["children"])
             total_existing_children = len(array["children"])
@@ -1223,6 +1306,14 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
             else:
                 base_offset = Vector([array["x"], array["y"], array["z"]]) * unit_scale
 
+            target_new_in_this_layer = (array["count"] - 1) * len(obj_stack)
+            missing_count = max(0, target_new_in_this_layer - total_existing_children)
+            new_entities_pool: list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = []
+            if missing_count > 0:
+                batch_old_to_new = tool.Geometry.duplicate_ifc_object_n_times(parent_obj, missing_count)
+                new_entities_pool = batch_old_to_new.get(parent_element, [])
+            new_entities_iter = iter(new_entities_pool)
+
             for i in range(array["count"]):
                 if i == 0:
                     continue
@@ -1240,8 +1331,13 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
                         child_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(child_element)
                         assert child_obj
                     except (IndexError, RuntimeError, AssertionError):
-                        old_to_new, _ = tool.Geometry.duplicate_ifc_objects([parent_obj])
-                        child_element = next(iter(old_to_new.values()))[0]
+                        try:
+                            child_element = next(new_entities_iter)
+                        except StopIteration:
+                            # Stale-GUID mid-list left the pool exhausted; fall back
+                            # to a one-off duplicate so the layer can still complete.
+                            old_to_new, _ = tool.Geometry.duplicate_ifc_objects([parent_obj])
+                            child_element = next(iter(old_to_new.values()))[0]
                         child_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(child_element)
 
                     # add child pset
@@ -1275,7 +1371,10 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
             # handle elements unused in the array after regeneration
             removed_children = set(existing_children) - set(array["children"])
             for removed_child in removed_children:
-                element = tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(removed_child)
+                try:
+                    element = tool.Ifc.get().by_guid(removed_child)
+                except RuntimeError:
+                    continue
                 # Strip any wall/slab opening cut by this child before deletion,
                 # so the host's HasOpenings shrinks symmetrically with count.
                 if getattr(element, "FillsVoids", None):
@@ -1306,14 +1405,7 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
             tool.Ifc.get(), pset=pset, properties={"Data": json_data, "Parent": parent_element.GlobalId}
         )
 
-        # Post-condition: parent is selected on return. duplicate_ifc_objects
-        # deselects the source on every call inside the regen loop; without
-        # this restore, callers get a deselected parent for arrays with N >= 2.
-        # TODO: batch the per-child duplicate_ifc_objects([parent]) calls into
-        # a single N-way duplicate — N depsgraph churns + N select/deselect
-        # flips is wasteful, and a batched duplicate would also remove the
-        # need for this restore.
-        parent_obj.select_set(True)
+        tool.Blender.set_object_selection(parent_obj, True)
 
     @classmethod
     def mirror_parent_void_fillings_to_children(
@@ -1394,9 +1486,7 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
             representation = tool.Geometry.get_representation_by_context(voided_element, context)
             if representation is None:
                 continue
-            bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
-                tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, obj=voided_obj, representation=representation
-            )
+            tool.Geometry.recut_host(voided_obj, representation)
 
     @classmethod
     def unshare_opening_representation(cls, filling: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
@@ -2007,47 +2097,86 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         return (vertices, edges, faces)
 
     @classmethod
-    def update_simple_openings(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
+    def regenerate_filling_opening_body(cls, filling: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> Optional[bpy.types.Object]:
+        """Regenerate only the mapped source used by ``filling``'s opening so
+        it matches ``filling``'s current parametric dimensions.
+
+        Returns the voided host Blender object so the caller can recut it,
+        or ``None`` if ``filling`` has no opening to refresh or the host is
+        an aggregate (no mesh data to recut against)."""
         from bonsai.bim.module.model.opening import FilledOpeningGenerator
 
-        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
-        fillings = {e: tool.Ifc.get_object(e) for e in tool.Array.get_parametric_propagation_targets(element)}
+        if not filling.FillsVoids:
+            return None
 
-        voided_objs = set()
-        has_replaced_opening_representation = False
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        opening = filling.FillsVoids[0].RelatingOpeningElement
+        voided_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(opening.VoidsElements[0].RelatingBuildingElement)
+        if voided_obj is None or voided_obj.data is None:
+            return None
+
+        old_representation = tool.Geometry.get_body_representation(opening)
+        if old_representation is None:
+            return voided_obj
+        old_representation = tool.Geometry.resolve_mapped_representation(old_representation)
+
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.unassign_representation(ifc_file, product=opening, representation=old_representation)
+
+        filling_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(filling)
+        new_representation = FilledOpeningGenerator().generate_opening_from_filling(
+            filling, filling_obj, voided_obj.dimensions[1]
+        )
+
+        for inverse in ifc_file.get_inverse(old_representation):
+            ifcopenshell.util.element.replace_attribute(inverse, old_representation, new_representation)
+
+        ifcopenshell.api.geometry.remove_representation(ifc_file, representation=old_representation)
+
+        return voided_obj
+
+    @classmethod
+    def regenerate_simple_opening_bodies(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> set:
+        """Regenerate every distinct mapped opening source within ``element``'s
+        type-occurrence family so each one matches the family's current
+        parametric dimensions.
+
+        Most occurrences share a single mapped source — refreshing it once
+        propagates to every filling via inverse-substitution. Some families,
+        especially those imported from foreign authoring tools, fragment into
+        several mapped sources for the same type; dedup is by source id so
+        every distinct source gets one refresh. Returns the set of Blender
+        objects whose host representation needs a viewport-level recut
+        (callers handle the recut themselves)."""
+        ifc_file = tool.Ifc.get()
+        fillings = list(tool.Array.get_parametric_propagation_targets(element))
+
+        voided_objs: set = set()
+        seen_source_ids: set[int] = set()
         for filling in fillings:
             if not filling.FillsVoids:
                 continue
 
             opening = filling.FillsVoids[0].RelatingOpeningElement
             voided_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(opening.VoidsElements[0].RelatingBuildingElement)
-            voided_objs.add(voided_obj)
+            if voided_obj is not None:
+                voided_objs.add(voided_obj)
 
-            # We assume all occurrences of the same element type (e.g. a window)
-            # will use openings of the same thickness.
-            # Generator we use by default will create a really thick opening representation
-            # to make sure it will fit for walls with different thickness.
-            if has_replaced_opening_representation:
+            body = tool.Geometry.get_body_representation(opening)
+            if body is None:
                 continue
+            source = tool.Geometry.resolve_mapped_representation(body)
+            if source.id() in seen_source_ids:
+                continue
+            seen_source_ids.add(source.id())
 
-            old_representation = ifcopenshell.util.representation.get_representation(
-                opening, "Model", "Body", "MODEL_VIEW"
-            )
-            old_representation = tool.Geometry.resolve_mapped_representation(old_representation)
-            ifcopenshell.api.geometry.unassign_representation(
-                ifc_file, product=opening, representation=old_representation
-            )
+            cls.regenerate_filling_opening_body(filling)
 
-            new_representation = FilledOpeningGenerator().generate_opening_from_filling(
-                filling, fillings[filling], voided_obj.dimensions[1]
-            )
+        return voided_objs
 
-            for inverse in ifc_file.get_inverse(old_representation):
-                ifcopenshell.util.element.replace_attribute(inverse, old_representation, new_representation)
-
-            ifcopenshell.api.geometry.remove_representation(ifc_file, representation=old_representation)
-
-            has_replaced_opening_representation = True
+    @classmethod
+    def update_simple_openings(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> None:
+        voided_objs = cls.regenerate_simple_opening_bodies(element)
+        fillings = {e: tool.Ifc.get_object(e) for e in tool.Array.get_parametric_propagation_targets(element)}
 
         tool.Model.reload_body_representation(voided_objs)
         if fillings:
@@ -3010,6 +3139,9 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
             regenerate_fillet_corner_wall(element, obj)
             return
         rep = ifcopenshell.api.geometry.regenerate_wall_representation(tool.Ifc.get(), element)
+        if rep is None:
+            # Wall has no IfcMaterialLayerSet — layer-set rebuild not applicable.
+            return
         bonsai.core.geometry.switch_representation(
             tool.Ifc,
             tool.Geometry,
@@ -3024,6 +3156,19 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
         obj.matrix_world = tool.Loader.apply_blender_offset_to_matrix_world(obj, matrix)
         tool.Geometry.record_object_position(obj)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def regenerate_wall(cls, obj: bpy.types.Object) -> None:
+        """Rebuild a wall's body from current IFC state: extrusion + openings
+        first, then re-clip to any surviving ``IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP)``
+        slab. Safe on walls with no openings and no slab connection — both
+        steps no-op against their preconditions."""
+        element = tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)
+        if element is None:
+            return
+        cls.recreate_wall(element, obj)
+        if cls.has_underside_connection(element):
+            bonsai.core.model.regenerate_wall_to_underside(tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, cls, [obj])
+
     @classmethod
     def recalculate_walls(cls, walls: list[bpy.types.Object]) -> None:
         queue: set[tuple[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, bpy.types.Object]] = set()
@@ -3039,6 +3184,26 @@ class Model(bonsai.core.tool.Model):
                 obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(rel.RelatingElement)
                 tool.Geometry.commit_placement_if_moved(obj)
                 queue.add((rel.RelatingElement, obj))
+
+        # Sync filling and opening placements so subsequent wall recuts
+        # operate on the up-to-date opening positions — a filling moved
+        # along the wall's reference line otherwise stays cut at its old
+        # spot.
+        for element, wall in queue:
+            if not wall:
+                continue
+            for rel in getattr(element, "HasOpenings", []) or []:
+                opening = rel.RelatedOpeningElement
+                for fill_rel in getattr(opening, "HasFillings", []) or []:
+                    filling = fill_rel.RelatedBuildingElement
+                    filling_obj = tool.Ifc.get_object(filling)
+                    if filling_obj is None or not tool.Ifc.is_moved(filling_obj):
+                        continue
+                    bonsai.core.geometry.edit_object_placement(tool.Ifc, tool.Geometry, tool.Surveyor, obj=filling_obj)
+                    ifcopenshell.api.geometry.edit_object_placement(
+                        tool.Ifc.get(), product=opening, matrix=filling_obj.matrix_world
+                    )
+
         for element, wall in queue:
             if not wall:
                 continue

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/parametric.py

@@ -81,11 +81,19 @@ class ParametricObject:
     ``_cancel_targets``) and that therefore wire their operators through
     ``build_edit_lifecycle``. Entries with bespoke edit lifecycles (per-attribute
     diff dispatch, layer-stack editing, mid-spline gizmo drag) leave this
-    False and declare their operator classes directly."""
+    False and declare their operator classes directly.
+
+    ``has_default_parameters`` marks entries whose ``BIM<Name>Properties``
+    class exposes ``get_general_kwargs`` / ``copy_to`` and a matching
+    ``draw_<name>_properties`` UI helper, so the addon-preferences panel can
+    surface a per-type defaults section and the create operator can seed new
+    instances from the preset. Entries without that machinery leave this False
+    and don't appear in the preferences ``Default Parameters`` panel."""
 
     name: str
     has_non_editable_path: bool = False
     supports_build_edit_lifecycle: bool = False
+    has_default_parameters: bool = False
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         if not _VALID_NAME_RE.match(self.name):
@@ -148,15 +156,22 @@ class Parametric(bonsai.core.tool.Parametric):
             self._gen = None
 
     EDIT_TYPES: list[ParametricObject] = [
-        ParametricObject("door", has_non_editable_path=True, supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
-        ParametricObject("window", has_non_editable_path=True, supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
-        ParametricObject("stair", has_non_editable_path=True, supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
-        ParametricObject("railing", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
-        ParametricObject("roof", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
+        ParametricObject(
+            "door", has_non_editable_path=True, supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True, has_default_parameters=True
+        ),
+        ParametricObject(
+            "window", has_non_editable_path=True, supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True, has_default_parameters=True
+        ),
+        ParametricObject(
+            "stair", has_non_editable_path=True, supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True, has_default_parameters=True
+        ),
+        ParametricObject("railing", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True, has_default_parameters=True),
+        ParametricObject("roof", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True, has_default_parameters=True),
         ParametricObject("array", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
         ParametricObject("pipe_segment", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
         ParametricObject("duct_segment", supports_build_edit_lifecycle=True),
         ParametricObject("wall"),
+        ParametricObject("slab"),
     ]
 
     # Annotations for the uppercase constants populated from ``EDIT_TYPES`` by
@@ -171,6 +186,7 @@ class Parametric(bonsai.core.tool.Parametric):
     PIPE_SEGMENT: ClassVar[ParametricObject]
     DUCT_SEGMENT: ClassVar[ParametricObject]
     WALL: ClassVar[ParametricObject]
+    SLAB: ClassVar[ParametricObject]
 
     _geom_generation: int = 0
 
@@ -459,6 +475,15 @@ class Parametric(bonsai.core.tool.Parametric):
             return False
         return tool.Pset.get_element_pset(element, "BBIM_Stair") is not None
 
+    @classmethod
+    def is_slab(cls, element: entity_instance) -> bool:
+        """``True`` for any ``IfcSlab``. The slab edit lifecycle only gates
+        the connection-disconnect UI — no IFC mutation — so we don't narrow
+        further (e.g. by checking for wall connections). Per-gizmo polls
+        layer the "has wall connections" check on top via
+        ``tool.Wall.iter_slab_wall_connections``."""
+        return element is not None and element.is_a("IfcSlab")
+
     @classmethod
     def is_wall(cls, element: entity_instance) -> bool:
         """A wall is editable by the parametric gizmo if it is an IfcWall with LAYER2 usage.

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/patch.py

@@ -18,18 +18,33 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import bpy
 import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.util.schema
 import ifcpatch
 
 import bonsai.core.tool
+import bonsai.tool
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bonsai.bim.module.patch.prop import BIMPatchProperties
 
 
+# Lower index = older schema. Used to detect downgrades vs upgrades.
+_SCHEMA_AGE = {"IFC2X3": 0, "IFC4": 1, "IFC4X3": 2}
+
+# Pretty-printed argument name for the ``Migrate`` recipe's schema parameter
+# (see UpdateIfcPatchArguments.pretty_arg_name in bim/module/patch/operator.py).
+_MIGRATE_SCHEMA_ARG_NAME = "Schema"
+
+# Match a STEP-encoded FILE_SCHEMA header: ``FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC4'));`` and the
+# IFC4X3_ADD2 / IFC2X3_TC1 variants. Captures the bare schema identifier.
+_IFC_FILE_SCHEMA_RE = re.compile(r"FILE_SCHEMA\s*\(\s*\(\s*'([^']+)'", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
 class Patch(bonsai.core.tool.Patch):
     @classmethod
     def get_patch_props(cls) -> BIMPatchProperties:
@@ -54,6 +69,63 @@ class Patch(bonsai.core.tool.Patch):
             "SplitByBuildingStorey",
         )
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get_preset_subdir(cls) -> str:
+        """Resolve the preset subdirectory for the currently selected recipe.
+
+        Returns a stable string for the ``-`` placeholder so the menu and save
+        operator remain usable when no real recipe has been picked yet."""
+        recipe = cls.get_patch_props().ifc_patch_recipes or "-"
+        return f"bonsai/ifc_patch/{recipe}"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def migration_is_lossy_downgrade(cls) -> bool:
+        """``True`` when the currently configured patch is the ``Migrate``
+        recipe targeting an older schema than the input file. Used to gate
+        the destructive-migration confirmation dialog."""
+        props = cls.get_patch_props()
+        if props.ifc_patch_recipes != "Migrate":
+            return False
+        target_schema = next(
+            (arg.get_value() for arg in props.ifc_patch_args_attr if arg.name == _MIGRATE_SCHEMA_ARG_NAME),
+            None,
+        )
+        if not target_schema:
+            return False
+        source_schema = cls._patch_source_schema()
+        if not source_schema:
+            return False
+        return _SCHEMA_AGE.get(target_schema, -1) < _SCHEMA_AGE.get(source_schema, -1)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _patch_source_schema(cls) -> str:
+        """Resolve the IFC schema of the configured input without parsing the
+        full file. For loaded-from-memory the schema is in the entity_instance
+        wrapper; for disk paths we read only the STEP file header (first ~2KB)
+        rather than ``ifcopenshell.open`` which parses the whole file."""
+        props = cls.get_patch_props()
+        if props.should_load_from_memory:
+            ifc_file = bonsai.tool.Ifc.get()
+            return ifc_file.schema if ifc_file else ""
+        if not props.ifc_patch_input:
+            return ""
+        try:
+            with open(props.ifc_patch_input, "rb") as f:
+                header = f.read(2048).decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")
+        except OSError:
+            return ""
+        match = _IFC_FILE_SCHEMA_RE.search(header)
+        if not match:
+            return ""
+        # Collapse IFC4X3_ADD2 / IFC2X3_TC1 / IFC4_ADD2 / IFC4X1 etc. to their
+        # base via the canonical normaliser — handles longest-prefix-first
+        # ordering correctly (IFC4X3 before IFC4) so we don't misclassify
+        # IFC4X3 files as IFC4.
+        try:
+            return ifcopenshell.util.schema.get_fallback_schema(match.group(1).upper())
+        except AssertionError:
+            return ""
+
     @classmethod
     def post_process_patch_arguments(cls, recipe: str, args: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
         if recipe == "ExtractElements":

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/project.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from typing import (
     NotRequired,
     Optional,
     TypedDict,
+    Union,
 )
 
 import bpy
@@ -333,6 +334,14 @@ class Project(bonsai.core.tool.Project):
                 if reference[1]:
                     m = np.fromstring(reference[1], sep=",", dtype=np.float64).reshape(4, 4)
                     link.has_transformation = not np.allclose(m, np.eye(4))
+                # The selector query used at link time is persisted only in the
+                # sidecar cache JSON; restore it so Reload/Load replay the filter.
+                json_filepath = Path(tool.Ifc.resolve_uri(filepath)).with_suffix(".ifc.cache.json")
+                if json_filepath.exists():
+                    try:
+                        link.query = json.loads(json_filepath.read_text()).get("query", "")
+                    except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                        pass
 
     @classmethod
     def get_project_library_elements(
@@ -376,12 +385,31 @@ class Project(bonsai.core.tool.Project):
             )
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_parent_library(cls, project_library: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
+    def get_parent_library(
+        cls, project_library: ifcopenshell.entity_instance
+    ) -> Union[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, None]:
+        """Return the IfcContext that declares or nests ``project_library``.
+
+        Returns ``None`` when ``project_library`` is itself the root of a
+        library-only file (no IfcRelNests, no IfcRelDeclares).
+        """
         if nests := project_library.Nests:
-            # IfcProjectLibrary.
             return nests[0].RelatingObject
-        # IfcProject.
-        return project_library.HasContext[0].RelatingContext
+        if has_context := project_library.HasContext:
+            return has_context[0].RelatingContext
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_root_context(cls, ifc_file: ifcopenshell.file) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance:
+        """Return the file's root IfcContext.
+
+        Prefers IfcProject if present, otherwise falls back to IfcProjectLibrary —
+        library-only files are valid per IFC4+ and contain no IfcProject. Caller is
+        responsible for the IFC2X3 guard; IfcContext does not exist in that schema.
+        """
+        if projects := ifc_file.by_type("IfcProject"):
+            return projects[0]
+        return ifc_file.by_type("IfcProjectLibrary")[0]
 
     @classmethod
     def get_project_hierarchy(cls, ifc_file: ifcopenshell.file) -> HiearchyDict:
@@ -401,6 +429,8 @@ class Project(bonsai.core.tool.Project):
             return hierarchy
         for project_library in ifc_file.by_type("IfcProjectLibrary"):
             parent_library = cls.get_parent_library(project_library)
+            if parent_library is None:
+                continue
             hierarchy[parent_library][project_library] = hierarchy[project_library]
         return hierarchy
 

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/root.py

@@ -373,35 +373,37 @@ class Root(bonsai.core.tool.Root):
                 try:
                     new_aggregate = old_to_new[old_aggregate]
                 except:
-                    bonsai.core.aggregate.unassign_object(
-                        tool.Ifc,
-                        tool.Aggregate,
-                        tool.Collector,
-                        relating_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(old_aggregate),
-                        related_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new[0]),
-                    )
-                    continue
-
-                bonsai.core.aggregate.assign_object(
-                    tool.Ifc,
-                    tool.Aggregate,
-                    tool.Collector,
-                    relating_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new_aggregate[0]),
-                    related_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new[0]),
-                )
-
-                # Make sure that the array children also get reassigned to the correct aggregate
-                pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(new[0], "BBIM_Array")
-                if pset:
-                    array_children = tool.Array.get_all_children_objects(new[0])
-                    for obj in array_children:
-                        bonsai.core.aggregate.assign_object(
+                    for new_entity in new:
+                        bonsai.core.aggregate.unassign_object(
                             tool.Ifc,
                             tool.Aggregate,
                             tool.Collector,
-                            relating_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new_aggregate[0]),
-                            related_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)),
+                            relating_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(old_aggregate),
+                            related_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new_entity),
                         )
+                    continue
+
+                for new_entity in new:
+                    bonsai.core.aggregate.assign_object(
+                        tool.Ifc,
+                        tool.Aggregate,
+                        tool.Collector,
+                        relating_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new_aggregate[0]),
+                        related_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new_entity),
+                    )
+
+                    # Make sure that the array children also get reassigned to the correct aggregate
+                    pset = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_pset(new_entity, "BBIM_Array")
+                    if pset:
+                        array_children = tool.Array.get_all_children_objects(new_entity)
+                        for obj in array_children:
+                            bonsai.core.aggregate.assign_object(
+                                tool.Ifc,
+                                tool.Aggregate,
+                                tool.Collector,
+                                relating_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(new_aggregate[0]),
+                                related_obj=tool.Ifc.get_object(tool.Ifc.get_entity(obj)),
+                            )
 
         if new_aggregate is None:
             return

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/system.py

@@ -357,6 +357,13 @@ class System(bonsai.core.tool.System):
             if not cls.is_mep_element(element):
                 continue
 
+            # Array children inherit port topology from their parent's IFC
+            # entity, but their positions are derived — drawing ports on every
+            # copy of an arrayed segment doubles up markers and misleads the
+            # user into thinking each copy has its own port network.
+            if tool.Array.is_array_child(element):
+                continue
+
             selected_element = element in connected_elements
             verts_pos = []
 
@@ -488,6 +495,69 @@ class System(bonsai.core.tool.System):
     def is_mep_element(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
         return element.is_a("IfcFlowSegment") or element.is_a("IfcFlowFitting")
 
+    @classmethod
+    def is_disconnectable_fitting(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
+        """A fitting whose deletion is the supported teardown for one of
+        its port connections. ``OBSTRUCTION`` fittings are excluded — they
+        have a dedicated grow/shrink flow (``bim.mep_add_obstruction``
+        with ``mode=REMOVE``) that absorbs the freed segment length."""
+        if not element.is_a("IfcFlowFitting"):
+            return False
+        return getattr(element, "PredefinedType", None) != "OBSTRUCTION"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def neighbours_at_ports(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]:
+        """Entities reachable from ``element``'s ports via a single
+        ``IfcRelConnectsPorts`` hop, deduped by IFC id."""
+        neighbours: list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance] = []
+        seen: set[int] = set()
+        for port in cls.get_ports(element):
+            connected_port = cls.get_connected_port(port)
+            if connected_port is None:
+                continue
+            neighbour = ifcopenshell.util.system.get_port_element(connected_port)
+            if neighbour is None or neighbour.id() in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(neighbour.id())
+            neighbours.append(neighbour)
+        return neighbours
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_bridging_fitting(
+        cls,
+        elem_a: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+        elem_b: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    ) -> Union[ifcopenshell.entity_instance, None]:
+        """Return the disconnectable ``IfcFlowFitting`` whose removal
+        disconnects ``elem_a`` from ``elem_b``, or ``None``.
+
+        Two topologies are handled. (1) Direct port-to-port between a
+        segment/fitting and a disconnectable fitting: the fitting endpoint
+        is returned. (2) Two segments joined by a single bridging
+        disconnectable fitting: the bridging fitting is returned.
+        ``OBSTRUCTION`` fittings short-circuit to ``None``."""
+        if not (cls.is_mep_element(elem_a) and cls.is_mep_element(elem_b)):
+            return None
+
+        a_neighbours = cls.neighbours_at_ports(elem_a)
+        b_neighbours = cls.neighbours_at_ports(elem_b)
+        elem_a_id = elem_a.id()
+        elem_b_id = elem_b.id()
+
+        if cls.is_disconnectable_fitting(elem_a) and any(n.id() == elem_b_id for n in a_neighbours):
+            return elem_a
+        if cls.is_disconnectable_fitting(elem_b) and any(n.id() == elem_a_id for n in b_neighbours):
+            return elem_b
+
+        a_fittings = [n for n in a_neighbours if cls.is_disconnectable_fitting(n)]
+        if not a_fittings:
+            return None
+        b_fitting_ids = {n.id() for n in b_neighbours if cls.is_disconnectable_fitting(n)}
+        for fitting in a_fittings:
+            if fitting.id() in b_fitting_ids:
+                return fitting
+        return None
+
     @classmethod
     def has_parametric_body(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
         """True when the MEP element's body representation is a profile sweep

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/type.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import bpy
 import ifcopenshell
 import ifcopenshell.util.element
 import ifcopenshell.util.representation
+import ifcopenshell.util.type
 
 import bonsai.core.geometry
 import bonsai.core.tool
@@ -96,6 +97,26 @@ class Type(bonsai.core.tool.Type):
     def get_type_occurrences(cls, element_type: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> list[ifcopenshell.entity_instance]:
         return ifcopenshell.util.element.get_types(element_type)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def is_relating_type_compatible(
+        cls,
+        occurrence: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+        relating_type: ifcopenshell.entity_instance,
+    ) -> bool:
+        # IFC's EXPRESS schema has no WHERE rule pairing IfcRelDefinesByType's
+        # RelatingType / RelatedObjects classes; the one-to-one class pairing
+        # is a buildingSMART implementer agreement, not file-validation.
+        schema = occurrence.file.schema
+        if relating_type.is_a() in ifcopenshell.util.type.get_applicable_types(occurrence.is_a(), schema=schema):
+            return True
+        # The implementer agreement map has no entry for the abstract
+        # IfcTypeProduct, which Bonsai uses for annotation types. The schema
+        # defines IfcTypeProduct.ApplicableOccurrence for exactly this purpose,
+        # so honor it. occurrence.is_a() handles subtypes and unknown tokens.
+        if applicable_occurrence := getattr(relating_type, "ApplicableOccurrence", None):
+            return occurrence.is_a(applicable_occurrence.split("/", 1)[0])
+        return False
+
     @classmethod
     def has_material_usage(cls, element: ifcopenshell.entity_instance) -> bool:
         material = ifcopenshell.util.element.get_material(element)

src/bonsai/bonsai/tool/wall.py

@@ -242,6 +242,75 @@ class Wall(bonsai.core.tool.Wall):
         local_p2 = Vector((p2[0] * unit_scale, p2[1] * unit_scale, 0.0))
         return obj.matrix_world @ local_p1, obj.matrix_world @ local_p2
 
+    @classmethod
+    def iter_wall_slab_connections(cls, wall: ifcopenshell.entity_instance):
+        """Yield ``(slab, rel)`` tuples for every ``IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP)``
+        connecting a slab to this wall — the rel kind ``extend_walls_to_underside``
+        creates. Walks ``wall.ConnectedFrom`` because the slab is the relating
+        side of the TOP rel."""
+        for rel in getattr(wall, "ConnectedFrom", []) or ():
+            if not rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements") or rel.Description != "TOP":
+                continue
+            slab = rel.RelatingElement
+            if slab is None:
+                continue
+            yield slab, rel
+
+    @classmethod
+    def iter_slab_wall_connections(cls, slab: ifcopenshell.entity_instance):
+        """Yield ``(wall, rel)`` tuples for every wall clipped to this slab's
+        underside. Mirror of ``iter_wall_slab_connections`` from the slab side
+        — walks ``slab.ConnectedTo``."""
+        for rel in getattr(slab, "ConnectedTo", []) or ():
+            if not rel.is_a("IfcRelConnectsElements") or rel.Description != "TOP":
+                continue
+            wall = rel.RelatedElement
+            if wall is None:
+                continue
+            yield wall, rel
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_wall_slab_rel(
+        cls, wall: ifcopenshell.entity_instance, slab: ifcopenshell.entity_instance
+    ) -> ifcopenshell.entity_instance | None:
+        """Return the single ``IfcRelConnectsElements(TOP)`` between ``wall``
+        and ``slab``, or ``None`` if none exists. Used by the disconnect
+        operator to find the specific rel to remove."""
+        for s, rel in cls.iter_wall_slab_connections(wall):
+            if s == slab:
+                return rel
+        return None
+
+    WALL_SLAB_CONNECTION_Z_CLEARANCE = 0.5
+    """Lift above the wall top so the disconnect icon sits above the
+    extend-vertical / slope gizmo and reads as "the thing above the wall =
+    the slab connection"."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def wall_slab_connection_location_world(
+        cls, wall_obj: bpy.types.Object, slab_obj: bpy.types.Object
+    ) -> Vector | None:
+        """World-space anchor for the wall-slab disconnect icon.
+
+        X / Y come from the wall axis midpoint (so the icon sits in the
+        middle of the wall horizontally); Z is the wall's top in world space
+        plus ``WALL_SLAB_CONNECTION_Z_CLEARANCE`` so the icon perches above
+        the slope gizmo. The slab-side gizmo calls this with the same
+        arguments so both sides of the same connection render a single
+        visual marker. ``slab_obj`` is kept on the signature for the
+        symmetric call shape; the helper's body no longer reads from it.
+        Returns ``None`` when the wall has no reference line."""
+        ref = cls.get_world_reference_line(wall_obj)
+        if ref is None:
+            return None
+        axis_mid_world = (ref[0] + ref[1]) * 0.5
+        if wall_obj.bound_box:
+            wall_top_local_z = max(c[2] for c in wall_obj.bound_box)
+            wall_top_world_z = (wall_obj.matrix_world @ Vector((0.0, 0.0, wall_top_local_z))).z
+        else:
+            wall_top_world_z = axis_mid_world.z
+        return Vector((axis_mid_world.x, axis_mid_world.y, wall_top_world_z + cls.WALL_SLAB_CONNECTION_Z_CLEARANCE))
+
     @classmethod
     def walk_connected_walls(
         cls,

src/bonsai/pytest.ini

@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ markers =
     boundary
     brick
     bsdd
+    clash
     classification
+    clip_box
     context
+    contract_guard
     cost
     covering
     debug

src/bonsai/test/bim/conftest.py

@@ -1,5 +1,46 @@
 import pytest
 
+
+class _FakePropsBase:
+    """Base for parametric-edit PropertyGroup stand-ins used in lifecycle tests.
+
+    The parametric-edit lifecycle mixins read/write a common contract:
+    ``is_editing`` (bool), ``last_kwargs`` (dict | None — capture of the last
+    data written via ``set_props_kwargs_from_ifc_data``),
+    ``set_props_kwargs_from_ifc_data(data)``, and
+    ``get_general_kwargs(convert_to_project_units=True)``. Per-type stand-ins
+    (door, railing, roof) subclass this and add their own kwargs accessors
+    and per-type fields."""
+
+    def __init__(self, general: dict | None = None):
+        self.is_editing = False
+        self.last_kwargs: dict | None = None
+        self.general = dict(general) if general is not None else {}
+
+    def set_props_kwargs_from_ifc_data(self, data):
+        self.last_kwargs = dict(data)
+
+    def get_general_kwargs(self, convert_to_project_units=True):
+        return dict(self.general)
+
+
+def make_lifecycle_obj(props, *, name="obj"):
+    """Build a ``bpy.types.Object`` stand-in for parametric-lifecycle tests.
+
+    The mixin code under test reads ``obj.props`` (the PropertyGroup
+    stand-in) and ``obj.name`` (used in error reports). ``spec=bpy.types.Object``
+    catches typo'd attribute access at test time. ``bpy`` is imported inside
+    the function so this conftest stays importable when bpy is absent."""
+    from unittest import mock
+
+    import bpy
+
+    obj = mock.Mock(spec=bpy.types.Object, name=name)
+    obj.props = props
+    obj.name = name
+    return obj
+
+
 # pytest by default doesn't print steps and where it failed. Let's fix that.
 
 

src/bonsai/test/bim/feature/cost.feature

@@ -455,6 +455,7 @@ Scenario: Select Cost Schedule Products
     And I press "bim.assign_cost_item_quantity(cost_item={cost_item}, related_object_type='PRODUCT', prop_name='')"
     When I press "bim.select_cost_schedule_products(cost_schedule={cost_schedule})"
     Then nothing happens
+
 Scenario: Load Cost Item Types
     Given an empty IFC project
     And I press "bim.add_cost_schedule"
@@ -465,3 +466,30 @@ Scenario: Load Cost Item Types
     When I press "bim.add_cost_item(cost_item={cost_item})"
     And I press "bim.load_cost_item_types"
     Then nothing happens
+
+Scenario: Import one cost schedule from CSV
+  Given an empty IFC project
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex1-BoQ-without-query.csv')"
+  And the variable "cost_schedule" is "{ifc}.by_type('IfcCostSchedule')[0].id()"
+  And I press "bim.enable_editing_cost_items(cost_schedule={cost_schedule})"
+  And I press "bim.add_summary_cost_item()"
+  And the variable "cost_item" is "{ifc}.by_type('IfcCostItem')[0].id()"
+  And I press "bim.add_cost_item(cost_item={cost_item})"
+  Then nothing happens
+
+Scenario: Import multiple cost schedules from CSV
+  Given an empty IFC project
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex1-BoQ-without-query.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex2-SoR.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex3-BoQ-with-query.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex4-BoQ-with-description.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex5-SoR-with-description.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex6-BoQ-with-categories.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex7-BoQ-with-Rates.csv')"
+  When I press "bim.import_cost_schedule_csv(filepath='{cwd}/test/files/Ex8-BoQ-with-formula.csv')"
+  And the variable "cost_schedule" is "{ifc}.by_type('IfcCostSchedule')[0].id()"
+  And I press "bim.enable_editing_cost_items(cost_schedule={cost_schedule})"
+  And I press "bim.add_summary_cost_item()"
+  And the variable "cost_item" is "{ifc}.by_type('IfcCostItem')[0].id()"
+  And I press "bim.add_cost_item(cost_item={cost_item})"
+  Then nothing happens

src/bonsai/test/bim/module/clash/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

src/bonsai/test/bim/module/clash/test_clash_decorator_handlers_cleared.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+"""Runtime regression: viewport-decorator install / uninstall keeps the
+``handlers`` list empty across repeated cycles.
+
+ClashDecorator is the representative subclass — its lifecycle is now
+inherited from ``tool.Blender.ViewportDecorator``. The contract pinned
+here is the canonical one for every subclass: after each ``uninstall``,
+``cls.handlers`` must be empty and ``cls.is_installed`` must be False."""
+
+import bpy
+import pytest
+
+from bonsai.bim.module.clash.decorator import ClashDecorator
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.clash
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _reset_decorator_state():
+    ClashDecorator.uninstall()
+    yield
+    ClashDecorator.uninstall()
+
+
+def test_clash_decorator_handlers_cleared_across_install_cycles():
+    ctx = bpy.context
+    for _ in range(3):
+        ClashDecorator.install(ctx)
+        assert ClashDecorator.is_installed is True
+        assert len(ClashDecorator.handlers) > 0
+        ClashDecorator.uninstall()
+        assert ClashDecorator.is_installed is False
+        assert ClashDecorator.handlers == []

src/bonsai/test/bim/module/clip_box/test_add_for_source.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# Bonsai - OpenBIM Blender Add-on
+# Copyright (C) 2026 Dion Moult <dion@thinkmoult.com>
+#
+# This file is part of Bonsai.
+#
+# Bonsai is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Bonsai is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Bonsai.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This file was generated with the assistance of an AI coding tool.
+
+import bpy
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.api.spatial
+import pytest
+
+import bonsai.tool as tool
+from test.bim.bootstrap import NewFile
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.clip_box
+
+
+def _make_ifc_cube(ifc, ifc_class, location=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), size=2.0):
+    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(size=size, location=location)
+    obj = bpy.context.active_object
+    entity = ifc.create_entity(ifc_class)
+    tool.Ifc.link(entity, obj)
+    return entity, obj
+
+
+class TestAddClipBoxForSourceSpatial(NewFile):
+    def test_spatial_creates_clip_box_sized_to_contained_walls(self):
+        ifc = ifcopenshell.file()
+        tool.Ifc.set(ifc)
+        storey = ifc.create_entity("IfcBuildingStorey")
+        wall_a, _ = _make_ifc_cube(ifc, "IfcWall", location=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), size=2.0)
+        wall_b, _ = _make_ifc_cube(ifc, "IfcWall", location=(4.0, 0.0, 0.0), size=2.0)
+        ifcopenshell.api.spatial.assign_container(ifc, products=[wall_a, wall_b], relating_structure=storey)
+
+        result = bpy.ops.bim.add_clip_box_for_source(source_kind="SPATIAL", source_id=str(storey.id()))
+
+        assert result == {"FINISHED"}
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props()
+        assert len(scene_props.clip_boxes) == 1
+        host = scene_props.clip_boxes[0].obj
+        assert tool.ClipBox.get_object_props(host).is_clip_box is True
+        translation, _, scale = host.matrix_world.decompose()
+        assert translation.x == pytest.approx(2.0)
+        assert scale.x == pytest.approx(3.0)
+
+
+class TestAddClipBoxForSourceClass(NewFile):
+    def test_class_creates_clip_box_for_all_walls(self):
+        ifc = ifcopenshell.file()
+        tool.Ifc.set(ifc)
+        # Two walls + one window; the IfcWall pick should cover only the walls.
+        _make_ifc_cube(ifc, "IfcWall", location=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), size=2.0)
+        _make_ifc_cube(ifc, "IfcWall", location=(4.0, 0.0, 0.0), size=2.0)
+        _make_ifc_cube(ifc, "IfcWindow", location=(20.0, 0.0, 0.0), size=2.0)
+
+        result = bpy.ops.bim.add_clip_box_for_source(source_kind="CLASS", source_id="IfcWall")
+
+        assert result == {"FINISHED"}
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props()
+        host = scene_props.clip_boxes[0].obj
+        translation, _, scale = host.matrix_world.decompose()
+        # AABB of the two walls only (x in [-1, 5]); window at x=20 must not contribute.
+        assert translation.x == pytest.approx(2.0)
+        assert scale.x == pytest.approx(3.0)
+
+
+class TestAddClipBoxForSourceEmpty(NewFile):
+    def test_no_matching_elements_reports_error(self):
+        # bpy.ops.* raises RuntimeError when an operator reports {"ERROR"},
+        # so the assertion is on the raised message rather than the return code.
+        ifc = ifcopenshell.file()
+        tool.Ifc.set(ifc)
+        walltype = ifc.create_entity("IfcWallType")
+        # No occurrences linked — TYPE source resolves to 0 elements.
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="No elements found"):
+            bpy.ops.bim.add_clip_box_for_source(source_kind="TYPE", source_id=str(walltype.id()))
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props()
+        assert len(scene_props.clip_boxes) == 0
+
+    def test_placeholder_source_id_reports_error(self):
+        # With no IFC file loaded, data.py callbacks return the NO_OPTIONS_ID
+        # sentinel. Submitting that sentinel as the picked source must ERROR.
+        from bonsai.bim.module.clip_box import data as clip_data
+
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="No source selected"):
+            bpy.ops.bim.add_clip_box_for_source(source_kind="SPATIAL", source_id=clip_data.NO_OPTIONS_ID)
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props()
+        assert len(scene_props.clip_boxes) == 0
+
+
+class TestRemoveClipBoxOrphan(NewFile):
+    def test_remove_orphan_entry_when_host_object_deleted(self):
+        # The remove operator must work on an orphan entry — i.e. one whose
+        # host empty was deleted out from under it via the outliner.
+        bpy.ops.bim.add_clip_box()
+        scene_props = tool.ClipBox.get_scene_props()
+        assert len(scene_props.clip_boxes) == 1
+        host = scene_props.clip_boxes[0].obj
+        assert host is not None
+
+        bpy.data.objects.remove(host, do_unlink=True)
+
+        # Entry survives but its `obj` pointer is now None.
+        assert len(scene_props.clip_boxes) == 1
+        assert scene_props.clip_boxes[0].obj is None
+
+        result = bpy.ops.bim.remove_clip_box(index=0)
+
+        assert result == {"FINISHED"}
+        assert len(scene_props.clip_boxes) == 0